Mysql 主从数据库复制

主：mysql-5.1.53.tar.gz 192.168.15.168
从：mysql-5.1.53.tar.gz 192.168.15.169
主数据库安装配置
添加mysql账号
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin
安装mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.53.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.53
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/opt/data --with-extra-charsets=utf8,gb2312,gbk --with-pthread --enable-thread-safe-client
make && make install
cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig mysqld on
cd /usr/local/mysql/
chgrp -R mysql .
mkdir /opt/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/data
生成基本的数据库和表
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
修改配置文件
vi /etc/my.cnf
不同的地方就是server-id,主服务器配置文件不用修改,从服务器的配置文件server-id=10.其他的内容基本相同.
启动服务
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql&
设置root 密码
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot –p
从服务器基本相同
设置读锁
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
得到binlog日志文件名和偏移量
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 |      244 |              |                  |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
备份要同步的数据库
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -uroot -p  test > /opt/data/test.sql
拷贝/opt/data/test.sql到从服务器上，然后在从服务器上

mysql -u root -p < /opt/data/test.sql

解锁
mysql> unlock tables;

将192.168.15.168设为 192.168.15.169的主服务器

在192.168.15.168新建授权用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'%' identified by 'replication';

在192.168.15.169上将192.168.15.168设置为自己的主服务器

mysql> change master to

master_host='192.168.15.168',master_user='replication',master_password='replication',master_log_file='

mysql-bin.000003',master_log_pos=244;

启用复制功能

mysql> start slave;

mysql> show slave status/G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 192.168.15.168

                  Master_User: replication

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 398

               Relay_Log_File: mysql2-relay-bin.000002

                Relay_Log_Pos: 405

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 398

              Relay_Log_Space: 561

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

测试

在主服务器test数据库中创建user表

mysql> use test;

mysql> create table user(id int);

在从服务器中查看user表

mysql> use test;

mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_test |

+----------------+

| user           |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

主从服务器同步维护 手工

在主服务器上执行

mysql> flush tables with read lock;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show master status;

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

| mysql-bin.000003 |      486 |              |                  |

+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在从服务器上执行

mysql> select master_pos_wait('mysql-bin.000003','486');

同步完成后，在主服务器上执行解锁

mysql>unlock tables;

切换主从服务器

当主服务器出现故障时，可将从服务器当主服务器来使用.步骤如下:

1、保证所有从数据库都已经执行了relay log中的全部更新，在从服务器中执行

stop slave io_thread,用show processlist检查，查看状态是否是Has read all relay log,表示更新完成.

mysql> stop slave io_thread;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show processlist/G

*************************** 1. row ***************************

     Id: 2

   User: root

   Host: localhost

     db: test

Command: Query

   Time: 0

  State: NULL

   Info: show processlist

*************************** 2. row ***************************

     Id: 4

   User: system user

   Host:

     db: NULL

Command: Connect

   Time: 591

  State: Has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

   Info: NULL

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2、在从服务器上执行stop slave，reset master命令，重置成主数据库

mysql>stop slave;

Query OK,0 affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>reset master;

Query OK,0 affected (0.00 sec)

3、删除新的主服务器数据库目录中的master.info和relay-log.info文件，否则下次重启时还会按照从服务器来启动.

root@mysql2 mysql]# cd /opt/data/

master.info              mysql2-relay-bin.000001  mysql-bin.index

mysql/                   mysql2-relay-bin.000002  relay-log.info

mysql2.err               mysql2-relay-bin.index   test/

mysql2.pid               mysql-bin.000001      

 

相关链接

http://blog.csdn.net/cnbird2008/archive/2011/02/11/6178932.aspx

http://sery.blog.51cto.com/10037/88526

http://database.51cto.com/art/201012/237204.htm

http://os.51cto.com/art/200810/92963.htm

http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/replication.html