Linux下磁盘分区与LVM创建

Linux下磁盘分区与LVM创建

1.首先在系统上添加2块2G的硬盘
2.进入系统以后用fdisk -l 看看两块磁盘是否存在了，
有了磁盘之后，用fdisk和parted 两个工具对磁盘进行分区，现在已经进入系统
我们可以进行操作了；我们可以看到/dev/sdb 和/dev/sdc两块磁盘；现在我们来分区
这里按错了，不能按o键，从来：我们已经用fdisk将/dev/sdb分好了

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 62 497983+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 63 261 1598467+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 63 185 987966 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 186 261 610438+ 83 Linux
3.现在来进行格式化：格式化的命令有2种,效果都一样。也可以将它格式化为vfat等格式
[root@www /]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb2
[root@www /]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

4.现在用parted来对另一块磁盘做分区： 还不能用parted，我们换一种方式就可以分区了
用到的命令是：parted -s /dev/sdc mktable msdos 先将它的格式变为msdos
就可以分区了：parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart primary 0 500M是将主分区大小划为500M
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart extended 500M 1.9G 其余的全为扩展分区
在扩展分区上来进行逻辑分区的划分
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart logical 500M 1500M 第一个逻辑分区大小为1G
parted -s /dev/sdc mkpart logical 1500M 1.9G 第二个逻辑分区大小为400M
留下一小点空间，否则会报错，全部填写完也没事，忽略错误也可以

5.现在要用set来设置lvm标志
(parted) set
分区编号？ 2
Flag to Invert? lvm
新状态？ [开]/on/关/off? on
(parted) set 5
Flag to Invert? lvm
新状态？ [开]/on/关/off? on
(parted) set 6
Flag to Invert? lvm
新状态？ [开]/on/关/off? on
(parted) p
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 61 488281 8e Linux LVM
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sdc2 61 261 1608201 f W95 Ext'd (LBA)
/dev/sdc5 61 183 976562 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdc6 184 261 626503+ 8e Linux LVM
哦；sdb忘记设置lvm标志了,现在来设置
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 62 497983+ 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2 63 261 1598467+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 63 185 987966 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sdb6 186 261 610438+ 8e Linux LVM

6.现在来创建PV;有successfully，说明创建成功了，
[root@www /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@www /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb5
Physical volume "/dev/sdb5" successfully created
[root@www /]# pvcreate /dev/sdb6
Physical volume "/dev/sdb6" successfully created
[root@www /]#
现在创建sdc的PV
[root@www /]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@www /]# pvcreate /dev/sdc5
Physical volume "/dev/sdc5" successfully created
[root@www /]# pvcreate /dev/sdc6
Physical volume "/dev/sdc6" successfully created
接下来，创建VG;这里可以将2块磁盘的pv都创建到一个VG里面，也可以分开创建
首先创建ftpVG卷组 vgcreate ftpVG /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb5 /dev/sdb6
Volume group "ftpVG" successfully created

在VG上创建LV
[root@www /]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ftpVG
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 1.99 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 510
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 510 / 1.99 GB
VG UUID 7aOcVh-QlKm-qGoP-Fjqu-ehU7-6TjX-WbMt6A
还有Free PE,现在将它添加进去：
[root@www /]# lvcreate -l 510 -n ftp ftpVG
/dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
Logical volume "ftp" created
[root@www /]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name ftpVG
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 1.99 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 510
Alloc PE / Size 510 / 1.99 GB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 7aOcVh-QlKm-qGoP-Fjqu-ehU7-6TjX-WbMt6A
现在的Free PE变为0了，说明所有的空间都在里面了
[root@www /]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/ftpVG/ftp
VG Name ftpVG
LV UUID ax7f3n-mzTm-uvmt-TX9l-s70J-TH0B-FAR5iD
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 1.99 GB
Current LE 510
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
总大小为2G了

现在创建另外一个卷组：用到的命令vgcreate <卷组名> 《物理卷设备》 《？》 《》
注意这里一定要用-l Free PE 才能加得进去：
[root@www /]# lvcreate -l 509 -n vol volVG
/dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
Logical volume "vol" created
[root@www /]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/volVG/vol
VG Name volVG
LV UUID go0Q37-aEfj-zCmw-H3Q8-dcR8-hGOe-2f7u7Q
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 1.99 GB
Current LE 509
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
[root@www /]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name volVG
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 3
Metadata Sequence No 2
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 1
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 3
Act PV 3
VG Size 1.99 GB
PE Size 4.00 MB
Total PE 509
Alloc PE / Size 509 / 1.99 GB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID GcQfX5-PgwW-T0t1-wRxb-8tXI-t6Y4-eHqvnE
现在已经有2个卷组了；现在格式化；刚才已经格式化过每一块分区了，现在不用了

7.现在我们将这两块磁盘挂载上去
[root@www /]# df -ah
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 15G 5.9G 7.9G 43% /
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
/dev/sda1 114M 14M 95M 13% /boot
tmpfs 186M 0 186M 0% /dev/shm
none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
sunrpc 0 0 0 - /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
none 0.0K 0.0K 0.0K - /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint
/dev/hdc 619M 619M 0 100% /media/CentOS_5.3_Final
现在是看不到的，因为没挂载；现在我们创建两个挂载的目录；
这里可以随意创建，比如 /soft/vol movie/ftp
现在挂载：[root@www /]# mount /dev/ftpVG/ftp /movie/ftp
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
提示必须指定文件系统类型；看来还没格式化；
mkfs.ext3 /dev/ftpVG/ftp 或mkfs -t ext3 /dev/ftpVG/ftp
现在已经挂上了；看一下
[root@www /]# df -ah
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 15G 5.9G 7.9G 43% /
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
/dev/sda1 114M 14M 95M 13% /boot
tmpfs 186M 0 186M 0% /dev/shm
none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
sunrpc 0 0 0 - /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
none 0.0K 0.0K 0.0K - /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint
/dev/hdc 619M 619M 0 100% /media/CentOS_5.3_Final
/dev/mapper/ftpVG-ftp

现在来挂另外一块；
[root@www /]# df -ah
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda3 15G 5.9G 7.9G 43% /
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
/dev/sda1 114M 14M 95M 13% /boot
tmpfs 186M 0 186M 0% /dev/shm
none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
sunrpc 0 0 0 - /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
none 0.0K 0.0K 0.0K - /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint
/dev/hdc 619M 619M 0 100% /media/CentOS_5.3_Final
/dev/mapper/ftpVG-ftp
2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /movie/ftp
/dev/mapper/volVG-vol
2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /soft/vol
2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /movie/ftp

这里是不多出了一块了，现在是有2块2G的硬盘了，现在我们在里面写内容，然后再减小磁盘
空间，看看有什么变化；
还是拷贝u盘上的文件算了，大点的才好检验；我们就拷贝.iso文件了，有600多兆的；就这
几个了，可以检验就行了；我们是拷到volVG/vol下面的，现在将volVG/vol的空间划出1G来；
[root@www /]# lvresize -L -1G /dev/volVG/vol
/dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
WARNING: Reducing active and open logical volume to 1012.00 MB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce vol? [y/n]: y
Reducing logical volume vol to 1012.00 MB
Logical volume vol successfully resized
现在来看看大小；这里已经变为1G了
[root@www /]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/volVG/vol
VG Name volVG
LV UUID go0Q37-aEfj-zCmw-H3Q8-dcR8-hGOe-2f7u7Q
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1012.00 MB
Current LE 253
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
现在lv /dev/volVG/vol的大小已经变成了1012M了，我们看看文件有没有丢失？
文件依然存在没有丢失，小我们又把空间加回去， 完了出现乱子了，我们自己打一个标记
好识别； 内容：
[root@www vol]# cat <<! > index.html
> hello ,everyone ,this is my VG,lv,please
> see it more carefully,no changes
> !
[root@www vol]# cat index.html
hello ,everyone ,this is my VG,lv,please
see it more carefully,no changes
[root@www vol]#
root@www /]# lvextend -l +256 /dev/volVG/vol
/dev/cdrom: open failed: 只读文件系统
Extending logical volume vol to 1.99 GB
Logical volume vol successfully resized
已经添加到lv vol里面去了；
root@www /]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/volVG/vol
VG Name volVG
LV UUID go0Q37-aEfj-zCmw-H3Q8-dcR8-hGOe-2f7u7Q
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 1.99 GB
Current LE 509
Segments 3
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
先看看index.html依然没什么变化，这样划分空间是不是很方便了！
演示就到这里了！·

*****LVM 有一整套的命令集，下表列出了常用的命令。
任务 PV VG LV
创建 pvcreate vgcreate lvcreate
删除 pvremove vgremove lvremove
扫描列表 pvscan vgscan lvscan
显示属性 pvdisplay vgdisplay lvdisplay
显示信息 pvs vgs lvs
改变属性 pvchange vgchange lvchange
扩展 vgextend lvextend
缩减 vgreduce lvreduce
重命名 vgrename lvrename
改变容量 pvresize lvresize
检查一致性 pvck vgck
用户可以使用如下命令显示上述命令的功能：
#pvcreate -h

****#vgscan:读取系统中创建的所有卷组
#vgchange -a y :激活所有卷组 (开机执行,redhat可在/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit系统启动初始化脚本里可以找到)
#vgchange -a n :关闭所有卷组(提示:必须在umount所有的文件系统后,才能成功执行

****使用# pvremove –ff /dev/sda7 命令后，/dev/sda7设备丢失。
[root@srv2 ~]# pvdisplay
Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/md4
VG Name VolGroup02
PV Size 3.91 GB / not usable 32.00 MB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size (KByte) 32768
Total PE 124
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 124
PV UUID DqhTMp-TS1g-BSbK-ySWa-d3za-3B0x-0AZdHX

--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/md3
VG Name VolGroup01
PV Size 2.92 GB / not usable 12.00 MB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size (KByte) 32768
Total PE 93
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 93
PV UUID gk0yn3-PVrf-lJVQ-052f-sL0K-msA3-OPtcUQ

Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/md1
VG Name VolGroup00
PV Size 776.25 MB / not usable 256.00 KB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 194
Free PE 194
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID uREKkP-53pQ-Nhmn-JfsL-sfPT-eLvr-0HQfRJ

Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name unknown device
VG Name VolGroup00
PV Size 250.98 MB / not usable 2.98 MB
Allocatable yes
PE Size (KByte) 4096
Total PE 62
Free PE 62
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA

[root@srv2 ~]# vgs
Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
VolGroup00 2 0 0 wz-pn- 1.00G 1.00G
VolGroup01 1 1 0 wz--n- 2.91G 0
VolGroup02 1 2 0 wz--n- 3.88G 0

[root@srv2 ~]# pvs
Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/md1 VolGroup00 lvm2 a- 776.00M 776.00M
/dev/md3 VolGroup01 lvm2 a- 2.91G 0
/dev/md4 VolGroup02 lvm2 a- 3.88G 0
/dev/sda7 lvm2 -- 250.98M 250.98M
unknown device VolGroup00 lvm2 a- 248.00M 248.00M

[root@srv2 ~]# lvs -a -o +devices
Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
LV VG Attr LSize Origin Snap% Move Log Copy% Convert Devices
LogVol00 VolGroup01 -wi-ao 2.91G /dev/md3(0)
LogVol00 VolGroup02 -wi-ao 1.44G /dev/md4(78)
LogVol01 VolGroup02 -wi-ao 2.44G /dev/md4(0)

解决：
[root@srv2 ~]# pvcreate --uuid "bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA"
最好是：[root@srv2 ~]# pvcreate --uuid "bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA" --restorefile /etc/lvm/archive/VolGroup00_00017.vg /dev/sda7
Couldn't find device with uuid 'bEeyIg-347X-T3vl-MfOJ-kx1a-u7c4-6qqblA'.
Physical volume "/dev/sda7" successfully created
#pvs
#vgs