JAVA进行GUI程序设计之一

近期正在学习Java的Swing编程，所以打算写一个关于Swing编程的系列文章，今天先写个开篇。

一般来说，使用Java进行GUI程序设计流程如下：

1． 引入Swing等相关的包；

2． 选择观感(LookAndFeel)；

3． 设置顶层容器；

4． 声明和创建GUI组件；

5． 设置GUI组件

6． 添加边框；

7． 向容器中添加组件及管理布局；

8． 进行事件处理。

搬一个例子上来，先来张最终效果预览图，如下：





源码：

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import javax.swing.BorderFactory;
import javax.swing.Box;
import javax.swing.ButtonGroup;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JCheckBox;
import javax.swing.JComboBox;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JList;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.JRadioButton;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.event.DocumentEvent;
import javax.swing.event.DocumentListener;
import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent;
import javax.swing.event.ListSelectionListener;

/**
* @author Aiml
*
*/
public class SwingDemo extends SimpleFrame {

/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

private JPanel topPanel=new JPanel();
private Box box=Box.createVerticalBox();
private JButton button=new JButton("OK");
private JCheckBox checkBox=new JCheckBox("少数民族");
private JRadioButton
rb1=new JRadioButton("男"),
rb2=new JRadioButton("女"),
rb3=new JRadioButton("不详",true);
private ButtonGroup buttonGroup=new ButtonGroup();
private JComboBox comboBox=new JComboBox(degrees);
private JList list=new JList(educationalBackground);
private JTextArea textArea=new JTextArea();
private JLabel nameLabel=new JLabel("姓名:");
private JTextField nameText=new JTextField("张三");

private static String[] degrees={"无","学生","硕士","工程硕士","MBA","博士"};
private static String[] educationalBackground={"小学","初中","高中","大学大专","大学本科","硕士研究生","博士研究生"};

//Create a new instance of SwingDemo
public SwingDemo(int width,int height){

//设置顶层容器
super(width, height);
setTitle("演示GUI容器、组件、事件及布局");

//JPanel容器采用默认的FlowLayout布局
topPanel.add(nameLabel);
topPanel.add(nameText);
topPanel.add(new JLabel("学历"));
topPanel.add(comboBox);

//设置互斥按钮组
buttonGroup.add(rb1);
buttonGroup.add(rb2);
buttonGroup.add(rb3);

//添加边框
list.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("文化程度:"));
textArea.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("演示效果:"));

//设置背景色
textArea.setBackground(new Color(200,220,180));

//Box容器采用默认的BoxLayout布局
box.add(new JLabel("性别:"));
box.add(rb1);
box.add(rb2);
box.add(rb3);
box.add(checkBox);

//JFrame容器采用默认的BorderLayout布局
Container c=this.getContentPane();
c.add(topPanel,"North");
c.add(list,"East");
c.add(box,"West");
c.add(button,"South");
c.add(new JScrollPane(textArea),"Center");

//演示JList组件选择列表项事件
list.addListSelectionListener(new ListSelectionListener(){
@Override
public void valueChanged(ListSelectionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(e.getValueIsAdjusting())return;
textArea.append("\n"+(String)(list.getSelectedValue()));
}
});

//演示JCheckBox组件单击事件
checkBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String c=" 未选";
if(checkBox.isSelected())
c=" 已选";
textArea.append("\n"+(String)(checkBox.getText()+c));
}
});

//演示JComboBox组件选择列表项事件
comboBox.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
textArea.append("\n"+(String)(comboBox.getSelectedItem()));
}
});

//演示JButton组件点击事件
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "演示消息框。",button.getText(),JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
}
});

//演示JTextField组件文本改变事件
nameText.getDocument().addDocumentListener(
new DocumentListener(){

@Override
public void changedUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub

}

@Override
public void insertUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
textArea.append("\n"+nameText.getText());
}

@Override
public void removeUpdate(DocumentEvent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
textArea.append("\n"+nameText.getText());
}
}
);

//演示JradioButton组件单击事件
rb1.addActionListener(rbListener);
rb2.addActionListener(rbListener);
rb3.addActionListener(rbListener);
}

//演示3个JradioButton组件注册的一个公用监听器
private ActionListener rbListener=new ActionListener(){
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
textArea.append("\n"+((JRadioButton)e.getSource()).getText());
}
};

public static void main(String args[]){
try{
UIManager.setLookAndFeel("com.sun.java.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLookAndFeel");
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("程序异常:"+e.getMessage());
}
SwingDemo frame = new SwingDemo(500,400);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}