Asp.Net Ajax 如何调用WebService
2010-12-13 11:29
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利用Asp.Net自带的Ajax调用WebService 中的方法非常方便，甚至不需要任何Javascript代码，主要是下面的第4步里，如何调用WebService
<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
<Services>
<asp:ServiceReference Path="路径/方法名1" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="路径/方法名2" />
</Services>
</asp:ScriptManager>
1、建立项目WebService和WebApp项目，如图所示，（我这里用了英文版，最近发现如果用汉语版的话，会出现些问题：1、添加不了Dynamic Data WebApplication，一添加就出错。2、如果把返回为一个集合的存储过程拖放到Linq To SQL Class时，如果不指定返回值，生成的方法名后夹杂些汉语）
2、Service1.asmx代码为：（这部分其实和上篇的代码是一样的）
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Data;
namespace WebService1
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for Service1
/// </summary>
[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
[System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
// To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line.
[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
{
//无参方法
[WebMethod]
public string HelloWorld()
{
return "Hello World";
}
//有参方法1
[WebMethod]
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
//有参方法2
[WebMethod]
public int Sum(int x)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= x; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
// 返回一个复合类型
[WebMethod]
public Student GetStudentByStuNo(string stuNo)
{
if (stuNo == "001")
return new Student { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" };
if (stuNo == "002")
return new Student { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" };
return null;
}
//返回返回泛型集合的
[WebMethod]
public List<Student> GetList()
{
List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" });
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" });
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "003", StuName = "王五" });
return list;
}
//返回DataSet
[WebMethod]
public DataSet GetDataSet()
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add("StuNo", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("StuName", Type.GetType("System.String"));
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["StuNo"] = "001"; dr["StuName"] = "张三";
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["StuNo"] = "002"; dr["StuName"] = "李四";
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
ds.Tables.Add(dt);
return ds;
}
}
public class Student
{
public string StuNo { get; set; }
public string StuName { get; set; }
}
}
3、打开WebApp项目AjaxInvokeWebService里的web.config文件，在system.web节下面加上以下配置
<webServices >
<protocols >
<add name="HttpSoap"/>
<add name="HttpPost"/>
<add name="HttpGet"/>
<add name="Documentation"/>
</protocols>
</webServices>
4、Default.aspx代码如下，这部分需要注意，ScriptManager必需紧跟放在form之后，<Services></Services>中的<asp:ServiceReference Path="" />用来调用WebService。一个WebService方法对应一个<asp:ServiceReference Path="" />。
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="AjaxInvokeWebService._Default" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
<Services>
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/Add" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/GetList" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/GetDataSet" />
</Services>
</asp:ScriptManager>
<div>
<asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server">
<ContentTemplate>
<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" OnClick="Button1_Click" Text="调用无参方法" />
<asp:Button ID="Button2" runat="server" OnClick="Button2_Click" Text="调用有参方法" />
<asp:Button ID="Button3" runat="server" OnClick="Button3_Click" Text="调用复合类型" />
<asp:Button ID="Button4" runat="server" OnClick="Button4_Click" Text="调用泛型集合" />
<asp:Button ID="Button5" runat="server" OnClick="Button5_Click" Text="调用DataSet类型" />
<br />
<asp:Label ID="lblResult" runat="server"></asp:Label>
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">
</asp:GridView>
</ContentTemplate>
</asp:UpdatePanel>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
5、Default.aspx.cs代码如下
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
namespace AjaxInvokeWebService
{
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用无参方法
lblResult.Text =new localhost.Service1().HelloWorld();
}
protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用有参方法
lblResult.Text = new localhost.Service1().Add(2, 3).ToString();
}
protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用复合类型
localhost.Student s = new localhost.Student();
s = new localhost.Service1().GetStudentByStuNo("001");
lblResult.Text = "学号="+s.StuNo + ",姓名=" + s.StuName;
}
protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用泛型集合
GridView1.DataSource = new localhost.Service1().GetList();
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void Button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用DataSet类型
GridView1.DataSource = new localhost.Service1().GetDataSet();
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
}
运行效果为
参考：
http://blog.163.com/figo_2007@126/blog/static/231807652009324959694/
http://wind721888.blog.163.com/blog/static/31574639201051355844676/?fromdm&fromSearch&isFromSearchEngine=yes
<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
<Services>
<asp:ServiceReference Path="路径/方法名1" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="路径/方法名2" />
</Services>
</asp:ScriptManager>
1、建立项目WebService和WebApp项目，如图所示，（我这里用了英文版，最近发现如果用汉语版的话，会出现些问题：1、添加不了Dynamic Data WebApplication，一添加就出错。2、如果把返回为一个集合的存储过程拖放到Linq To SQL Class时，如果不指定返回值，生成的方法名后夹杂些汉语）
2、Service1.asmx代码为：（这部分其实和上篇的代码是一样的）
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Services;
using System.Data;
namespace WebService1
{
/// <summary>
/// Summary description for Service1
/// </summary>
[WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")]
[WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
[System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)]
// To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line.
[System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService]
public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
{
//无参方法
[WebMethod]
public string HelloWorld()
{
return "Hello World";
}
//有参方法1
[WebMethod]
public int Add(int a, int b)
{
return a + b;
}
//有参方法2
[WebMethod]
public int Sum(int x)
{
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= x; i++)
{
sum += i;
}
return sum;
}
// 返回一个复合类型
[WebMethod]
public Student GetStudentByStuNo(string stuNo)
{
if (stuNo == "001")
return new Student { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" };
if (stuNo == "002")
return new Student { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" };
return null;
}
//返回返回泛型集合的
[WebMethod]
public List<Student> GetList()
{
List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "001", StuName = "张三" });
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "002", StuName = "李四" });
list.Add(new Student() { StuNo = "003", StuName = "王五" });
return list;
}
//返回DataSet
[WebMethod]
public DataSet GetDataSet()
{
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add("StuNo", Type.GetType("System.String"));
dt.Columns.Add("StuName", Type.GetType("System.String"));
DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["StuNo"] = "001"; dr["StuName"] = "张三";
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
dr = dt.NewRow();
dr["StuNo"] = "002"; dr["StuName"] = "李四";
dt.Rows.Add(dr);
ds.Tables.Add(dt);
return ds;
}
}
public class Student
{
public string StuNo { get; set; }
public string StuName { get; set; }
}
}
3、打开WebApp项目AjaxInvokeWebService里的web.config文件，在system.web节下面加上以下配置
<webServices >
<protocols >
<add name="HttpSoap"/>
<add name="HttpPost"/>
<add name="HttpGet"/>
<add name="Documentation"/>
</protocols>
</webServices>
4、Default.aspx代码如下，这部分需要注意，ScriptManager必需紧跟放在form之后，<Services></Services>中的<asp:ServiceReference Path="" />用来调用WebService。一个WebService方法对应一个<asp:ServiceReference Path="" />。
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeBehind="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="AjaxInvokeWebService._Default" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head runat="server">
<title></title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server">
<Services>
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/Add" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/GetStudentByStuNo" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/GetList" />
<asp:ServiceReference Path="http://localhost:1832/Service1.asmx/GetDataSet" />
</Services>
</asp:ScriptManager>
<div>
<asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server">
<ContentTemplate>
<asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" OnClick="Button1_Click" Text="调用无参方法" />
<asp:Button ID="Button2" runat="server" OnClick="Button2_Click" Text="调用有参方法" />
<asp:Button ID="Button3" runat="server" OnClick="Button3_Click" Text="调用复合类型" />
<asp:Button ID="Button4" runat="server" OnClick="Button4_Click" Text="调用泛型集合" />
<asp:Button ID="Button5" runat="server" OnClick="Button5_Click" Text="调用DataSet类型" />
<br />
<asp:Label ID="lblResult" runat="server"></asp:Label>
<asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server">
</asp:GridView>
</ContentTemplate>
</asp:UpdatePanel>
</div>
</form>
</body>
</html>
5、Default.aspx.cs代码如下
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.UI;
using System.Web.UI.WebControls;
namespace AjaxInvokeWebService
{
public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page
{
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
}
protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用无参方法
lblResult.Text =new localhost.Service1().HelloWorld();
}
protected void Button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用有参方法
lblResult.Text = new localhost.Service1().Add(2, 3).ToString();
}
protected void Button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用复合类型
localhost.Student s = new localhost.Student();
s = new localhost.Service1().GetStudentByStuNo("001");
lblResult.Text = "学号="+s.StuNo + ",姓名=" + s.StuName;
}
protected void Button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用泛型集合
GridView1.DataSource = new localhost.Service1().GetList();
GridView1.DataBind();
}
protected void Button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
//调用DataSet类型
GridView1.DataSource = new localhost.Service1().GetDataSet();
GridView1.DataBind();
}
}
}
运行效果为
参考：
http://blog.163.com/figo_2007@126/blog/static/231807652009324959694/
http://wind721888.blog.163.com/blog/static/31574639201051355844676/?fromdm&fromSearch&isFromSearchEngine=yes
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