基于QEMU创建虚拟的U-boot和ARM Linux学习环境

http://bbs.eetop.cn/thread-224249-1-3.html?tid=224249&extra=page%3D3&page=1

作者：
YF-YF

日期：
2009-12-9

关键词：
U-boot,VersatilePB, ARM, Linux, Qemu, PB926，
RealView Platfor
ms

本文介绍了一种不需要花钱购买真实的电路
板，就可以学习基于
ARM的嵌入式

linux技术，基于
U-boot的
bootloader技术的方法。

构成运行嵌入式
linux的三个基本构件是：启动管理器，
linux内核，根文件系统。这三个部分预先会烧录到电路板上的
flash里面。

具体方法是使用
Qemu虚拟出
ARM公司的
Versatile Platform Baseboard。将编译制作好的
bootloader, linux-kernel, root-filesystem三个文件制作成
flash.img镜像文件。使用
qemu-system-arm
–Mversatilepb –pflash flash.img进行仿真
。

本方法中使用的各种工具和代码均可以从
ARM官方网站和其他网站下载
到。

运行平台：
RedhatLinux

第一步：下载需要的工具和软件包

1、

交叉编译环境
Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q3-67 for ARM GNU/Linux

参见网页
http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/release1039

CodeSourcery

>

Sourcery G++

>

Lite Edition

>

ARM

http://www.codesourcery.com/sgpp/lite/arm/portal/package5383/public/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/arm-2009q3-67-arm-none-linux-gnueabi-i686-pc-linux-gnu.tar.bz2

2、

Qemu仿真器

使用的版本是
0.10.6,我下载了
qemu-0.11.1.tar.gz，发现在我系统上编译不过。

http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/qemu/qemu-0.10.6.tar.gz

3、

需要从
www.linux-arm.org
下载的工具

参考
http://www.arm.com/products/os/linux_download.html
里面的说明

1）下载一个制作好的根文件系统
armv5t_min.cramfs

http://www.linux-arm.org/git?p=ael.git;a=blob_plain;f=filesystem/bin/armv5t_min.cramfs;hb=2009q1

2）去
http://www.linux-arm.org/git

下载修改好的
linux-2.6的源码

git clonegit://linux-arm.org/linux-2.6-stable.git

如果系统里没有
git工具，可以从
http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-1.6.5.5.tar.bz2
下载。

3）下载修改好的
u-boot源码包

http://www.linux-arm.org/git?p=ael.git;a=blob_plain;f=u-boot/src/u-boot-armdev.git-49103cb62047a20ebd91ed200ae624a7c922e5be.tar;hb=2009q1

第二步：安装编译

Linux系统下，以源码包形式发布的工具，基本安装方法是三步：

a)配置安装目录

./configure --prefix=path_to_install_dir

b)编译代码
make

c)安装到
prefix指定的目录中

安装完毕后需要在你的
home目录里修改
.bashrc或
.tcshrc，将工具可执行文件的路径添加进去。

1）安装
Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q3-67 for ARM GNU/Linux

2）安装
Qemu 0.10.6

目前的
Qemu并不支持直接从
flash启动仿真，网络上有人做了修改，参见
http://thomas.enix.org/Blog-20081002153859-Technologie
Using U-Boot and Flash emulation in Qemu

从
http://thomas.enix.org/pub/qemu-versatile-flash-emulation/versatilepb-add-flash-support

将
versatilepb-add-flash-support下载下来。

解压
qemu-0.10.6.tar.gz后，使用

%cat versatilepb-add-flash-support|patch –p1

修改
hw/versatilepb.c，添加
flash支持。

该网站说的其他修改
hw/pflash_cfi01.c的
patch可以忽略，因为相应代码已经修改过了。

3）编译
linux内核

4）编译
u-boot.bin

注意修改
Makefile里的
cross_compile变量为
arm-none-linux-gnueabi-,和现在其他通用的前缀“
arm-linux-”不一样。

第三步：制作
flash.img并运行仿真

%dd if=/dev/zero of=./flash.img bs=256kcount=256

%dd if=u-boot.bin of=./flash.img bs=256kconv=notrunc

%dd if=uImage of=./flash.img bs=256k seek=2conv=notrunc

%dd if=armv5t_min.cramfs of=./flash.imgbs=256K seek=8 conv=notrunc

%qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 200-nographic -pflash ./flash.img

？
set bootargsroot=/dev/mtdblock0
mtdparts=armflash.0:11868k@0x00200000(cramfs) ip=dhcp mem=128M
console=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

？
cp 0x340800000x7fc0 0x00200000

？
bootm

运行成功输出的
log文件：

U-Boot 2009.03-rc1 (Dec 02 2009 - 00:57:01)

Code cloned from branch 090204_armdev ofgit://linux-arm.org/u-boot-armdev.git

Release AEL-3.0

Remote commit cloned

UNKNOWN

Latest commit locally

UNKNOWN

git state UNKNOWN

DRAM:

0 kB

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmdsequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0xf0)

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmdsequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0x90)

Flash: 64 MB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using defaultenvironment

In:

serial

Out:

serial

Err:

serial

Hit any key to stop autoboot:

0

Wrong Image Format for bootm command

ERROR: can't get kernel image!

VersatilePB # printenv

bootargs=root=/dev/mtdblock0mtdparts=armflash.0:7268k@0x02680000(cramfs) ip=dhcp mem=128M console=ttyAMA0 video =vc:1-2clcdfb:

bootcmd=cp 0x36000000 0x7fc0 0x00200000 ;bootm

bootdelay=2

baudrate=38400

bootfile="/tftpboot/uImage"

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

verify=n

Environment size: 280/8188 bytes

VersatilePB # ?

?

- alias for 'help'

autoscr - run script from memory

base

- print or set address offset

bdinfo

- print Board Info structure

bootm

- boot application image from memory

bootp

- boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol

cmp

- memory compare

cp

- memory copy

crc32

- checksum calculation

dhcp

- boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol

erase

- erase FLASH memory

flinfo

- print FLASH memory information

go

- start application at address 'addr'

help

- print online help

iminfo

- print header information for application image

loop

- infinite loop on address range

md

- memory display

mm

- memory modify (auto-incrementing)

mtest

- simple RAM test

mw

- memory write (fill)

nm

- memory modify (constant address)

ping

- send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host

printenv- print environment variables

protect - enable or disable FLASH writeprotection

rarpboot- boot image via network usingRARP/TFTP protocol

reset

- Perform RESET of the CPU

saveenv - save environment variables topersistent storage

setenv

- set environment variables

tftpboot- boot image via network using TFTPprotocol

version - print monitor version

VersatilePB # set bootargsroot=/dev/mtdblock0
mtdparts=armflash.0:11868k@0x00200000(cramfs) ip=dhcp mem=128M
console=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

VersatilePB # printenv

bootcmd=cp 0x36000000 0x7fc0 0x00200000 ;bootm

bootdelay=2

baudrate=38400

bootfile="/tftpboot/uImage"

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

verify=n

bootargs=root=/dev/mtdblock0mtdparts=armflash.0:11868k@0x00200000(cramfs) ip=dhcp mem=128M console=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

Environment size: 281/8188 bytes

VersatilePB # cp 0x34080000 0x7fc00x00200000

VersatilePB # bootm

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at00007fc0 ...

Image Name:

Linux-2.6.28-arm2

Image Type:

ARM Linux KernelImage (uncompressed)

Data Size:

1523620 Bytes =

1.5 MB

Load Address: 00008000

Entry Point:

00008000

Loading Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

UncompressingLinux...............................................................................................done,
booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.28-arm2() (gcc version 4.4.1 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q3-67) ) #1 Mon Nov30 01:59:09 PST 2009

CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5(ARMv5TEJ), cr=00093177

CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instructioncache

Machine: ARM-Versatile PB

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cachewriteback

Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobilitygrouping on.

Total pages: 32512

Kernel command line:
root=/dev/mtdblock0mtdparts=armflash.0:11868k@0x00200000(cramfs) ip=dhcp
mem=128M console=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 2048bytes)

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384(order: 4, 65536 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192(order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Memory: 128MB = 128MB total

Memory: 126704KB available (2656K code,217K data, 100K init)

SLUB: Genslabs=12, HWalign=32, Order=0-3,MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1

Calibrating delay loop... 498.07 BogoMIPS(lpj=2490368)

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512

CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

net_namespace: 288 bytes

NET: Registered protocol family 16

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 1024(order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 4096(order: 3, 32768 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order:2, 16384 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established4096 bind 4096)

TCP renoregistered

NET: Registered protocol family 1

JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 RedHat, Inc.

msgmni has been set to 247

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler anticipatory registered(default)

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered

CLCD: unknown LCD panel ID 0x00001000,using VGA

CLCD: Versatile hardware, VGA display

Clock CLCDCLK: setting VCO reg params: S=1R=99 V=98

Console: switching to colour frame bufferdevice 80x30

Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver

dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x101f1000 (irq = 12) is a AMBA/PL011

console [ttyAMA0] enabled

dev:f2: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x101f2000 (irq = 13) is a AMBA/PL011

dev:f3: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x101f3000 (irq = 14) is a AMBA/PL011

fpga
:09: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq =38) is a AMBA/PL011

smc91x.c: v1.1, sep 22 2004 by NicolasPitre <nico@cam.org
>

eth0: SMC91C11xFD (rev 1) at c88da000 IRQ 25 [nowait]

eth0: Ethernet addr: 52:54:00:12:34:56

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmdsequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0xf000f0)

armflash.0: Found 1 x32 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank

Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmdsequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0xf0)

Using buffer write method

1 cmdlinepart partitions found on MTDdevice armflash.0

Creating 1 MTD partitions on"armflash.0":

0x00200000-0x00d97000 : "cramfs"

mtd: partition "cramfs" doesn'tend on an erase block -- force read-only

mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

rtc-ds1307: probe of 0-0068 failed witherror -5

i2c/dev entries driver

input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as/devices/fpga:06/serio0/input/input0

mmc0: MMCI rev 0 cfg 00 at0x0000000010005000 irq 22,33

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture DriverVersion 1.0.18rc3.

ALSA device list:

Nosoundcards found.

TCP cubic registered

NET: Registered protocol family 17

RPC: Registered udp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

VFP support v0.3: implementor 41architecture 1 part 10 variant 9 rev 0

drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtcdevice (rtc0)

input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as/devices/fpga:07/serio1/input/input1

eth0: link up

Sending DHCP requests ., OK

IP-Config: Got DHCP answer from 10.0.2.2,my address is 10.0.2.15

IP-Config: Complete:

device=eth0, addr=10.0.2.15,mask=255.255.255.0, gw=10.0.2.2,

host=10.0.2.15, domain=,nis-domain=(none),

bootserver=10.0.2.2,rootserver=10.0.2.2, rootpath=

VFS: Mounted root (cramfs filesystem)readonly.

Freeing init memory: 100K

init started: BusyBox v1.14.3(2009-11-12 11:03:55 GMT)

starting pid 324, tty '':'/etc/rc.d/rc.local'

/etc/rc.d/rc.local: line 14: can't create/var/testfile: Read-only file system

warning: can't open /etc/mtab: No such fileor directory

Thu Jan

1 00:00:14 UTC 1970

S: devpts

Thu Jan

1 00:00:14 UTC 1970

S: udev

Thu Jan

1 00:00:17 UTC 1970

S: sshd

Thu Jan

1 00:00:18 UTC 1970

S: dbus id

Thu Jan

1 00:00:19 UTC 1970

S: hald

Thu Jan

1 00:00:19 UTC 1970

S: Xorg

Thu Jan

1 00:00:19 UTC 1970

R: Xorg

Thu Jan

1 00:00:19 UTC 1970

S: dhcdbd

Found no /etc/resolv.conf you need one fore.g. browser to resolve URLs

Thu Jan

1 00:00:19 UTC 1970

S: ohmd

736

/proc/asound/cards file present

No ARM AC'97 Interface found

starting pid 741, tty '': '/sbin/getty -LttySA0 38400 vt100'

AEL login: root

login[742]: root login on 'ttyAMA0'

BusyBox v1.14.3(2009-11-12 11:03:55 GMT) built-in shell (ash)

Enter 'help' for a list of built-incommands.

# help

下面的工作是挂接NFS，就是使用网络文件系统作为根文件系统启动。

(2)使用NFS作根文件系统

需要做几件事情：1）建立Qemu TUN/TAP 虚拟网络

2）建立 /设置/启动 NFS服务

3）修改u-boot启动参数，使内核从NFS启动

一、检查运行环境

1）安装必要软件包：使用

#rpm –qa|grep portmap

#rpm –qa|grep nfs

检查是否安装nfs软件包

For the TUN/TAP you need to check your kernel config file for CONFIG_TUN=m or CONFIG_TUN=y.

# grep CONFIG_TUN= /boot/config-`uname -r`

2）从http://sourceforge.net/projects/tunctl/
下载 The tunctl tool for controlling the TUN/TAP driver in Linux. http://sourceforge.net/projects/ ... 1.5.tar.gz/download

这个用来创建Qemu需要tap网络

如果系统内没有tun网络支持,可以下载

http://vtun.sourceforge.net/tun/tun-1.1.tar.gz

检查方法：查看是否存在 #ls /dev/net/tun

如果支持，没有，可以执行

#mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200 创建

关于TUN/TAP的说明：

Virtual network

In computer networking, TUN and TAP are virtual network kernel drivers.
They implement network devices that are supported entirely in software,
which is different from ordinary network devices that are backed up by
hardware network adapters.

TAP (as in network tap) simulates an Ethernet device and it operates
with layer 2 packets such as Ethernet frames. TUN (as in network TUNnel)
simulates a network layer device and it operates with layer 3 packets
such as IP packets. TAP is used to create a network bridge, while TUN is
used with routing.

Make sure that "Kernel module loader" - module auto-loading support is enabled in your kernel.

Add following line to the /etc/modules.conf: 在2.6里面为 /etc/modprobe.conf

alias char-major-10-200 tun

Run:

/sbin/depmod -a

Driver will be automatically loaded when application access /dev/net/tun.

Modprobe是管理模块添加删除的命令

3）关闭redhat的firewall，或者通过system settings/security level 里把tap0加入到trusted devices, SElinux/support NFS

二、设置TAP网络

解压安装tunctl-1.5.tar.gz：

#tar zxf tunctl-1.5.tar.gz

#make

#cp tunctl /sbin/

创建虚拟网络：

#/sbin/tunctl –t tap0 –u root

#/sbin/ifconfig tap0 10.0.2.1

To delete the interface, use the -d option:

# tunctl -d tap0

编辑/etc/qemu-ifup 文件为：

#!/bin/sh

/sbin/ifconfig $1 10.0.2.1

这个作为Qemu启动时的网络设置脚本，和单独执行ifconfig tap0 10.0.2.1效果是一样的

也可以编辑/etc/qemu-ifdown为；

#!/bin/sh

/sbin/ifdown tap0

在Qemu关闭时，关闭tap网络

三、设置NFS

使用system settings/server settings/NFS 设置要共享的目录 /soft/nfs_share , hosts 设为*，RW，允许root身份

通过 #/sbin/service nfs restart/status/start/stop 启动NFS服务

把根文件系统文件复制到NFS共享目录里：

#mount -o loop -t cramfs armv5_min.cramfs /mnt/cram

#cp –r /mnt/cram/* /soft/nfs_share

检查NFS是否工作正常：

#mount -t nfs 10.0.2.1:/soft/nfs_share /mnt

也可以直接修改/etc/exports:

/system/directory 192.168.7.2(rw,no_root_squash,async)

在exports文件 客户端,客户端主机的指定非常灵活，如下所示

客户端主机地址 说明

192.168.0.28 指定ip地址的主机

www.chinafu.net
指定域名的主机

192.168.0.10／31 指定网段中的所有主机

*.chinafu.com 指定域中的所有主机

* 指定所有主机

sync 设置NFS服务器同步写磁盘，这样不会轻易丢失数据，NFS服务器建议使用该选项

ro 设置输出的共享目录只读，与 rw捡能同时使用

rw 设置输出的共享目录可读写 ，与ro不能共同使用

为了使NFS服务器能正常工作，需要启动portmap和nfs两人服务，并且portmap一定要先于nfs启动

四、修改Qemu启动命令

qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 200 -nographic -pflash ./flash.img -net nic,vlan=0 -net tap,vlan=0,ifname=tap0

关于启动参数的说明：

The "-nographic" option boots qemu in the terminal. Leaving this option
off causes qemu to boot using its separate graphical window. Hit
<Ctrl><Alt><3> to toggle to the console.
<Ctrl><Alt><2> gets to back to the qemu control panel,
where a "quit" will exit qemu. <Ctrl><Alt><1> gives
the graphics (LCD) console (which doesn't seem to work for integrator
kernels, but will give a small 320×240 framebuffer screen for versatile
kernels with ARM LCD enabled). Just <Ctrl><Alt> will free up
the mouse. The graphic option is nice in that the console is in color.

With the "-m" option you can tell the system how much memory it should have; 128 MB is the default.

I run qemu as root to avoid complications, e.g., a normal user doesn't
have access to the "tap0" device, apparently. The emulated system boots
with the serial port /dev/ttyAMA0 as the system console.

# ./run_qemu

VersatilePB # set ipaddr 10.0.2.2

VersatilePB # set serverip 10.0.2.1

VersatilePB # set bootargs root=/dev/nfs
nfsroot=10.0.2.1:/soft/nfs_share ip=10.0.2.2 mem=128M console=ttyAMA0
video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

VersatilePB # cp 0x34080000 0x7fc0 0x00200000

VersatilePB # bootm

对于参数ip的解析具体由kernel中__setup("ip=", ip_auto_config_setup);函数完成

对于参数ip的说明见Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt

ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>

成功运行的log文件；

# cat /etc/qemu-ifup

#!/bin/sh

/sbin/ifconfig $1 10.0.2.1

# ./run_qemu

U-Boot 2009.03-rc1 (Dec 02 2009 - 00:57:01)

Code cloned from branch 090204_armdev of git://linux-arm.org/u-boot-armdev.git

Release AEL-3.0

Remote commit cloned UNKNOWN

Latest commit locally UNKNOWN

git state UNKNOWN

DRAM: 0 kB

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0xf0)

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0x90)

Flash: 64 MB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In: serial

Out: serial

Err: serial

Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0

VersatilePB # printenv

bootargs=root=/dev/mtdblock0 mtdparts=armflash.0:7268k@0x02680000(cramfs) ip=dhcp mem=128M console=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

bootcmd=cp 0x36000000 0x7fc0 0x00200000 ; bootm

bootdelay=2

baudrate=38400

bootfile="/tftpboot/uImage"

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

verify=n

Environment size: 280/8188 bytes

VersatilePB # set ipaddr 10.0.2.2

VersatilePB # set serverip 10.0.2.1

VersatilePB # set bootargs root=/dev/nfs
nfsroot=10.0.2.1:/soft/nfs_share ip=10.0.2.2 mem=128M console=ttyAMA0
video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

VersatilePB # cp 0x34080000 0x7fc0 0x00200000

VersatilePB # bootm

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00007fc0 ...

Image Name: Linux-2.6.28-arm2

Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

Data Size: 1523620 Bytes = 1.5 MB

Load Address: 00008000

Entry Point: 00008000

Loading Kernel Image ... OK

OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing
Linux...............................................................................................
done, booting t he kernel.

Linux version 2.6.28-arm2 () (gcc version 4.4.1 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q3-67) ) #1 Mon Nov 30 01:59:09 PST 2009

CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=00093177

CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache

Machine: ARM-Versatile PB

Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback

Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32512

Kernel command line: root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=10.0.2.1:/soft/nfs_share ip=10.0.2.2 mem=128M console=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 2048 bytes)

Console: colour dummy device 80x30

Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)

Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

Memory: 128MB = 128MB total

Memory: 126704KB available (2656K code, 217K data, 100K init)

SLUB: Genslabs=12, HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1

Calibrating delay loop... 418.61 BogoMIPS (lpj=2093056)

Mount-cache hash table entries: 512

CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok

net_namespace: 288 bytes

NET: Registered protocol family 16

NET: Registered protocol family 2

IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)

TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)

TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)

TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)

TCP reno registered

NET: Registered protocol family 1

JFFS2 version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.

msgmni has been set to 247

io scheduler noop registered

io scheduler anticipatory registered (default)

io scheduler deadline registered

io scheduler cfq registered

CLCD: unknown LCD panel ID 0x00001000, using VGA

CLCD: Versatile hardware, VGA display

Clock CLCDCLK: setting VCO reg params: S=1 R=99 V=98

Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x30

Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver

dev:f1: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x101f1000 (irq = 12) is a AMBA/PL011

console [ttyAMA0] enabled

dev:f2: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x101f2000 (irq = 13) is a AMBA/PL011

dev:f3: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x101f3000 (irq = 14) is a AMBA/PL011

fpga:09: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 38) is a AMBA/PL011

smc91x.c: v1.1, sep 22 2004 by Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org
>

eth0: SMC91C11xFD (rev 1) at c88da000 IRQ 25 [nowait]

eth0: Ethernet addr: 52:54:00:12:34:56

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0xf000f0)

armflash.0: Found 1 x32 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank

Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031

pflash_write: Unimplemented flash cmd sequence (offset 00000000, wcycle 0x0 cmd 0x0 value 0xf0)

Using buffer write method

RedBoot partition parsing not available

afs partition parsing not available

mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice

rtc-ds1307: probe of 0-0068 failed with error -5

i2c /dev entries driver

input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/fpga:06/serio0/input/input0

mmc0: MMCI rev 0 cfg 00 at 0x0000000010005000 irq 22,33

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Version 1.0.18rc3.

ALSA device list:

No soundcards found.

TCP cubic registered

NET: Registered protocol family 17

RPC: Registered udp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 1 part 10 variant 9 rev 0

drivers/rtc/hctosys.c: unable to open rtc device (rtc0)

input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/fpga:07/serio1/input/input1

eth0: link up

IP-Config: Guessing netmask 255.0.0.0

IP-Config: Complete:

device=eth0, addr=10.0.2.2, mask=255.0.0.0, gw=255.255.255.255,

host=10.0.2.2, domain=, nis-domain=(none),

bootserver=255.255.255.255, rootserver=10.0.2.1, rootpath=

Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 10.0.2.1

Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 10.0.2.1

VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).

Freeing init memory: 100K

init started: BusyBox v1.14.3 (2009-11-12 11:03:55 GMT)

starting pid 325, tty '': '/etc/rc.d/rc.local'

warning: can't open /etc/mtab: No such file or directory

mount: mount point /proc does not exist

mount: mount point /sys does not exist

mount: mount point /tmp does not exist

Thu Jan 1 00:00:23 UTC 1970

S: devpts

Thu Jan 1 00:00:23 UTC 1970

S: udev

Thu Jan 1 00:00:24 UTC 1970

S: sshd

PRNG is not seeded

Thu Jan 1 00:00:28 UTC 1970

S: dbus id

Thu Jan 1 00:00:28 UTC 1970

S: hald

Thu Jan 1 00:00:29 UTC 1970

S: Xorg

Thu Jan 1 00:00:29 UTC 1970

R: Xorg

Thu Jan 1 00:00:29 UTC 1970

S: dhcdbd

Found no /etc/resolv.conf you need one for e.g. browser to resolve URLs

Thu Jan 1 00:00:29 UTC 1970

S: ohmd

359

No /proc/asound/cards file present

starting pid 363, tty '': '/sbin/getty -L ttySA0 38400 vt100'

AEL login: root

login: can't chdir to home directory '/root'

BusyBox v1.14.3 (2009-11-12 11:03:55 GMT) built-in shell (ash)

Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

# ls

3、使用
TFTP下载
linux内核镜像
uImage到
SDRAM，根文件系统还是采用
NFS

前面的方法都是从
Flash复制内核镜像文件到
SDRAM。

步骤：设置
TFTP服务

u-boot里设置
tftp ip 地址，并复制镜像文件

使用
bootm启动

1) tftp服务器的配置

如果用下面一条命令能够看到服务已经启动
, 则不用安装
, 否则需要按
1或
2点安装
tftp-server服务器
.

#netstat -a | grep tftp

udp 0 0 *:tftp *:*

1. 从
RPM包安装
tftp-server

#cp tftp-server-0.32-4.i386.rpm/home/arm/dev_home/btools/

#su root

#rpm -q tftp-server

如果没有安装
tftp-server,就要用下面命令安装
,否则
,直接进入第
2步配置服务
.

#cd /home/arm/dev_home/btools/

#rpm -ivh tftp-server-0.32-4.i386.rpm

建立
tftp的主工作目录

#mkdir /soft/tftpboot

#cp uImage /soft/tftpboot

2. 修改配置文件并启动服务

备份配置文件

#cp /etc/xinetd.d/tftp/etc/xinetd.d/tftp.old

修改配置文件

#vi /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

service tftp

{

disable = no

socket_type = dgram

protocol = udp

wait = yes

user = root

server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

server_args = -s /soft/tftpboot

per_source = 11

cps = 100 2

flags = IPv4

}

检查
tftp服务是否打开

#chkconfig --list

如果
tftp的服务没有打开
,则用下面命令打开
tftp服务开关

#chkconfig tftp on

重启服务

#/etc/init.d/xinetd restart

#netstat -a | grep tftp

udp 0 0 *:tftp *:*

2) u-boot里设置
tftp

VersatilePB # setipaddr 10.0.2.2

VersatilePB # setserverip 10.0.2.1

VersatilePB # printenv

bootargs=root=/dev/mtdblock0mtdparts=armflash.0:7268k@0x02680000(cramfs) ip=dhcp mem=128M console=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

bootcmd=cp 0x36000000 0x7fc0 0x00200000 ;bootm

bootdelay=2

baudrate=38400

bootfile="/tftpboot/uImage"

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

verify=n

ipaddr=10.0.2.2

serverip=10.0.2.1

Environment size: 314/8188 bytes

VersatilePB # tftp0x7fc0 uImage

SMC91111: PHY auto-negotiate timed out

Using MAC Address 52:54:00:12:34:56

TFTP from server 10.0.2.1;our IP address is 10.0.2.2

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x7fc0

Loading:#################################################################

#######################################

done

Bytes transferred = 1523684 (173fe4 hex)

VersatilePB # setenvbootargs root=/dev/nfs
nfsroot=10.0.2.1:/soft/nfs_shareip=10.0.2.2 mem=128Mconsole=ttyAMA0
video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

VersatilePB # printenv

bootcmd=cp 0x36000000 0x7fc0 0x00200000 ;bootm

bootdelay=2

baudrate=38400

bootfile="/tftpboot/uImage"

stdin=serial

stdout=serial

stderr=serial

verify=n

ethaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56

filesize=173FE4

fileaddr=7FC0

ipaddr=10.0.2.2

serverip=10.0.2.1

bootargs=root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=10.0.2.1:/soft/nfs_shareip=10.0.2.2 mem=128Mconsole=ttyAMA0 video=vc:1-2clcdfb:

Environment size: 356/8188 bytes

VersatilePB # bootm