debian安装和配置

首先介绍三个比较好的使用提示页面
http://linuxsir.com/bbs/showthread.php?s=7a45f1ebeca8a5bf417e72bbd9fd0c81&t=228856
http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/96229/showart.php?id=1921882
http://xueruini.myipcn.org/publish/GNU/Debian.html
 
debian安装配置
字体：
/usr/share/fonts下
ln -s /c/windows/fonts/win_fonts
fc-cache -rf

lspci显示系统配置

dpkg-reconfigure locales 设置环境
选择zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
为能显示中文文件，export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

mount -a 修改完ftabs后不用重启生效
我的/etc/fstab:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
/dev/sda7       /               ext3    errors=remount-ro 0       1
/dev/sda8       none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/sda1     /home/disks/c ntfs-3g   defaults 0 2
/dev/sda5     /home/disks/d vfat      defaults 0 2
/dev/sda6     /home/disks/e ntfs-3g   defaults 0 2

设置DNS:
在/etc上新加文件resolv.conf
nameserver 10.10.0.21

/etc/network/interfaces:
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 10.214.21.233
    gateway 10.214.21.1
    netmask 255.255.255.0
/etc/init.d/networking restart
gnome程序有kde一样的界面:
apt-get install gtk-qt-engine

/etc/apt/source.list
###                    ***   ZJU-DEB  Mirror Server   ***
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The Debian GNU/Linux Mirrors:
#  debian            - (i386, amd64) X (etch, lenny, squeeze, sid, experimental)
#  debian-security   - (i386, amd64) X (etch/updates,lenny/updates,squeeze/updates)
#  debian-multimedia - (i386, amd64) X (etch, lenny, squeeze, sid)
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This mirror server is updated from upstream every day.
# The following is an example for sid(unstable). You can modify it to fit your needs.
# Note: you can also use FTP protocol instead of HTTP

## Debian
deb http://zjudeb.8866.org/debian testing main contrib non-free
deb-src http://zjudeb.8866.org/debian testing main contrib non-free

## Debian Security
deb http://zjudeb.8866.org/debian-security testing/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://zjudeb.8866.org/debian-security testing/updates main contrib non-free

## Debian Multimedia
deb http://zjudeb.8866.org/debian-multimedia testing main
deb-src http://zjudeb.8866.org/debian-multimedia testing main
小企鹅输入法
在主目录下建立.fcitx目录
把config文件拷进去,然后
cd /etc/X11/Xsession.d
cp ~/configs/x/98-input-fcitx ./

debian下root运行X的问题
不允许root登录X的解决：
编辑/etc/kde3/kdm/kdmrc
AllowRootLogin=true

以root身份运行gui程序的问题解决
在普通用户的.bashrc里加：
xhost + > /dev/null

ICE错误系统无法启动
启动时出现到第三个图标，挂了，过N久出来ICE什么东西的
chmod jzj:/ /home/jzj/.ICEauthority

Debian下安装boost环境
安装libboost1.38-dev等库
编译时指定链接哪个库，如用到线程库:
g++ -lboost-thread-mt main.cpp

Debian下安装opengl环境
安装freeglut3-dev库
然后编译：
gcc -lglut main.c -o main

KDE下运行gtk程序出错
在kde后运行gtk软件,如gvim, gedit等,提示错误Gtk-WARNING **: Locale not supported by C Library.Using the fallback 'C' locale solution:export  LC_ALL=C 改了之后console的local变量全部变C,导致fcitx无法启动
安装mysql-server
安装的时候提示错误，不认识参数"skip-federated"什么的，打开 /etc/mysql/my.conf
去掉相关注释
然后运行mysqld，出现找不到mysql.host表
运行mysql_install_db

KDE下中文无法显示
字体选择DejaVu Sans Mono

qt字体设置
Qt-related application:
start->settings->qt 4 settings, choose DejaVu Sans

终端快捷键
Konsole下切换tab: Shift+left Arrow or Shift+right Arrow

安装打印机
apt-get install cupsys foomatic-filters
apt-get install cupsys-client cupsys-bsd

添加打印机驱动：
访问http://localhost:631

可能要输入root密码
Debian下用cups打印，打印机无反应，打印测试页出现

Unsupported format 'application/postscript'

uncommenting:
"application/octet-stream application/vnd.cups-raw 0 -"
in /etc/cups/mime.convs
and
"application/octet-stream"
in /etc/cups/mime.types 无线网络安装
sudo apt-get install firmware-iwlwifi wicd wireless-tools
sudo modprobe iwlagn
sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

网络配置
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
    address 192.168.0.115
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.0.1

#wlan0
iface work inet dhcp
    wireless-essid SUNOFFICE

iface home inet dhcp
    wireless-essid syslink

iface moxa inet dhcp
    wireless-essid MOXA

KDE3->KDE4升级错误
在kde3下用synaptic升级
启动时出现错误cat not find file 啥的

# apt-get install kdmartwork

可以启动，然后

#apt-get install ap-get install kde-minimum

录像软件xvidcap安装
先装ScrollKeeper
再装xvidcap
 
Debian 下运行GUI程序出现"No protocol specified"错误
普通用户下正常，root下运行错误，发现是xserver对root的访问拒绝。
把/home/user/.Xauthority拷贝到/root下，问题解决
 
安装helvetica字体
apt-get install xfonts-75dpi xfonts-100dpi
重启X，然后用xlsfonts看看有没有装上
 
VirtualBox添加Shared Folder：
在VirtualBox中选：设备->分配数据空间->添加目录
然后在/etc/fstab里加上
shared /mnt/shared vboxsf defaults 0 0
 
apt-get update时key错误：
GPG error: http://ftp.debian.org testing Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY XXXXXXXXXX
apt-get install debian-archive-keyring
 
sudo命令：
先安装sudo
#apt-get install sodu
/etc/sudoers文件自动生成，用root打开添加
username ALL=(ALL) ALL
保存退出
 
终端或vi下中文无法显示
#apt-get install ttf-arphic-gbsn00lp(中文字体)
然后
#dpkg-reconfigure locales
选zh-GB2312
重启（注意要重启，否则无法生效，至少我这台是这样）