Python正则表达式的几种匹配用法
下面列出Python正则表达式的几种匹配用法:
1.测试正则表达式是否匹配字符串的全部或部分
regex=
ur""
#正则表达式 if re. search( regex, subject) : do_something( ) else : do_anotherthing( ) |
2.测试正则表达式是否匹配整个字符串
regex=
ur"\Z"
#正则表达式末尾以\Z结束 if re. match( regex, subject) : do_something( ) else : do_anotherthing( ) |
3.创建一个匹配对象,然后通过该对象获得匹配细节(Create an object with details about how the regex matches (part of) a string)
regex=
ur""
#正则表达式 match = re. search( regex, subject) if match: # match start: match. start( ) # match end ( exclusive) : atch. end( ) # matched text: match. group( ) do_something( ) else : do_anotherthing( ) |
4.获取正则表达式所匹配的子串(Get the part of a string matched by the regex)
regex=
ur""
#正则表达式 match = re. search( regex, subject) if match: result = match. group( ) else : result = "" |
5. 获取捕获组所匹配的子串(Get the part of a string matched by a capturing group)
regex=
ur""
#正则表达式 match = re. search( regex, subject) if match: result = match. group( 1) else : result = "" |
6. 获取有名组所匹配的子串(Get the part of a string matched by a named group)
regex=ur"" #正则表达式 match = re.search(regex, subject) if match: result = match.group"groupname") else: result = "" |
7. 将字符串中所有匹配的子串放入数组中(Get an array of all regex matches in a string)
result = re. findall( regex, subject) |
8.遍历所有匹配的子串(Iterate over all matches in a string)
for
match in
re.
finditer(
r"<(.*?)\s*.*?/\1>"
,
subject)
# match start: match. start( ) # match end ( exclusive) : atch. end( ) # matched text: match. group( ) |
9.通过正则表达式字符串创建一个正则表达式对象(Create an object to use the same regex for many operations)
reobj = re. compile( regex) |
10.用法1的正则表达式对象版本(use regex object for if/else branch whether (part of) a string can be matched)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
if reobj. search( subject) : do_something( ) else : do_anotherthing( ) |
11.用法2的正则表达式对象版本(use regex object for if/else branch whether a string can be matched entirely)
reobj =
re.
compile(
r"\Z"
)
#正则表达式末尾以\Z 结束 if reobj. match( subject) : do_something( ) else : do_anotherthing( ) |
12.创建一个正则表达式对象,然后通过该对象获得匹配细节(Create an object with details about how the regex object matches (part of) a string)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
match = reobj. search( subject) if match: # match start: match. start( ) # match end ( exclusive) : atch. end( ) # matched text: match. group( ) do_something( ) else : do_anotherthing( ) |
13.用正则表达式对象获取匹配子串(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by the regex)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
match = reobj. search( subject) if match: result = match. group( ) else : result = "" |
14.用正则表达式对象获取捕获组所匹配的子串(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a capturing group)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
match = reobj. search( subject) if match: result = match. group( 1) else : result = "" |
15.用正则表达式对象获取有名组所匹配的子串(Use regex object to get the part of a string matched by a named group)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
match = reobj. search( subject) if match: result = match. group( "groupname" ) else : result = "" |
16.用正则表达式对象获取所有匹配子串并放入数组(Use regex object to get an array of all regex matches in a string)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
result = reobj. findall( subject) |
17.通过正则表达式对象遍历所有匹配子串(Use regex object to iterate over all matches in a string)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
for match in reobj. finditer( subject) : # match start: match. start( ) # match end ( exclusive) : match. end( ) # matched text: match. group( ) |
字符串替换
1.替换所有匹配的子串
#用newstring替换subject中所有
与正则表达式regex匹配的子串 result = re. sub( regex, newstring, subject) |
2.替换所有匹配的子串(使用正则表达式对象)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
result = reobj. sub( newstring, subject) |
字符串拆分
1.字符串拆分
result = re. split( regex, subject) |
2.字符串拆分(使用正则表示式对象)
reobj =
re.
compile(
regex)
result =
reobj.
split(
subject)
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