解决ORA-01031错误

--快过年了 同事都闪了 呵呵 我还在坚守岗位
--有时间就做做练习——用同事机器(之前用administrator建的用户xep 并属于administrator组 远程操作)
c:/>show user
USER 为"SCOTT"
c:/>create table te (id number,name varchar2(128),describe varchar2(30));

表已创建。

1.c:/>insert into te select object_id,object_name,'test' from user_objects;
--最好用sys_objects 行数比较多
c:/>desc user_segments;
名称 是否为空? 类型
----------------------------------------- -------- -----------------------

SEGMENT_NAME VARCHAR2(81)
PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
SEGMENT_TYPE VARCHAR2(18)
TABLESPACE_NAME VARCHAR2(30)
BYTES NUMBER
BLOCKS NUMBER
EXTENTS NUMBER
INITIAL_EXTENT NUMBER
NEXT_EXTENT NUMBER
MIN_EXTENTS NUMBER
MAX_EXTENTS NUMBER
PCT_INCREASE NUMBER
FREELISTS NUMBER
FREELIST_GROUPS NUMBER
BUFFER_POOL VARCHAR2(7)

2.c:/>select * from user_segments where segment_name like 'TE';

SEGMENT_NAME
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

PARTITION_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ------------------ -------------------------

BYTES BLOCKS EXTENTS INITIAL_EXTENT NEXT_EXTENT MIN_EXTENTS
---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------- -----------
MAX_EXTENTS PCT_INCREASE FREELISTS FREELIST_GROUPS BUFFER_
----------- ------------ ---------- --------------- -------
TE
TABLE USERS
65536 16 1 65536 1
2147483645 1 1 DEFAULT
--可能我们的数据会不一样 （blocks,bytes..等 ）
--重复执行 1. 用2.查看变化
--大概插入了约600多万行数据时 机器挂了 shutdown 也不好用了 只好重启机器了
--启动后 出现以下情况
SQL> conn sys/sys as sysdba
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
查看 %oracle_home/NETWORK/ADMIN/sqlnet% SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES= (NTS) --os认证
--baidu一下
connect / as sysdba is current (Oracle 8i, and later) syntax which replaces the older connect internal syntax, and has exactly the same function.

This syntax is used to connect to the Oracle database with very powerful privileges. In particular, it allows the user to stop and start the database.

When it is used, Oracle does not check the password held for the user in the database's data-dictionary but instead checks that the current operating system userid is defined in the ORA_DBA group (if the OS is Windows NT/2000) or the "dba" group (if the OS is Unix). If the user is in this group, then he is allowed to connect. If he isn't in this group, he will get a ORA-01031: insufficient privileges error message, or an Enter password prompt.

The reason the data dictionary password is not used is that Oracle needs some mechanism of checking that the user is sufficiently authorised to start the database which works even when the database is down. Being a member of this group is sufficient proof that you are authorised to stop and start the database, since only the system administrator (Administrator on Windows, root on Unix) can add users to this group.

The connect / as sysdba technique can therefore be used as a method of logging in as SYS or SYSTEM when you've forgotten both their passwords: Use connect / as sysdba to connect as SYS, (assuming that your operating system userid is in the Windows ORA_DBA or Unix dba group), then change the SYS and SYSTEM passwords.
--原来远程登录的用户没有在dba用户组中 手动加上就好

SQL> conn sys/sys as sysdba
已连接。
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开

已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 612368384 bytes
Fixed Size 1250452 bytes
Variable Size 247466860 bytes
Database Buffers 360710144 bytes
Redo Buffers 2940928 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
ORA-16038: 日志 2 序列号 81 无法归档
ORA-19809: 超出了恢复文件数的限制
ORA-00312: 联机日志 2 线程 1:
'D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO02.LOG'

SQL> select * from v$logfile;

GROUP# STATUS TYPE
---------- ------- -------
MEMBER
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IS_
---
3 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO03.LOG
NO

2 ONLINE
D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO02.LOG
NO

GROUP# STATUS TYPE
---------- ------- -------
MEMBER
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IS_
---

1 STALE ONLINE
D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO01.LOG
NO

SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00262: 当前日志 1 (关闭线程 1 的日志) 无法切换
ORA-00312: 联机日志 1 线程 1:
'D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO01.LOG'
ORA-00350: 日志 2 (实例 mydb 的日志, 线程 1) 需要归档
ORA-00312: 联机日志 2 线程 1:
'D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO02.LOG'

SQL> shutdowm immediate
SP2-0734: 未知的命令开头 "shutdowm i..." - 忽略了剩余的行。

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: 数据库未打开

已经卸载数据库。
ORACLE 例程已经关闭。
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 612368384 bytes
Fixed Size 1250452 bytes
Variable Size 247466860 bytes
Database Buffers 360710144 bytes
Redo Buffers 2940928 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1
*
第 1 行出现错误:
ORA-00262: 当前日志 1 (关闭线程 1 的日志) 无法切换
ORA-00312: 联机日志 1 线程 1:
'D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO01.LOG'
ORA-00350: 日志 2 (实例 mydb 的日志, 线程 1) 需要归档
ORA-00312: 联机日志 2 线程 1:
'D:/ORACLE/PRODUCT/10.2.0/ORADATA/MYDB/REDO02.LOG'

SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 2;

数据库已更改。

SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;

数据库已更改。

SQL> startup
ORA-01081: 无法启动已在运行的 ORACLE - 请首先关闭它
SQL> alter database open;

数据库已更改。

--查询表中数据 表内数据为空 因为一直没commit 上面把未归档的文件也都清了 属正常