Config配置文件操作

//编辑web.config文件

//打开配置文件
Configuration config = System.Web.Configuration.WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration("~");
//获取appsettings节点
AppSettingsSection appsection = (AppSettingsSection)config.GetSection("appSettings");
//在appsettings节点中添加元素
appsection.Settings.Add("addkey1", "key1's value");
appsection.Settings.Add("addkey2", "key2's value");
config.Save();

//删除节点或属性
//打开配置文件
Configuration config = System.Web.Configuration.WebConfigurationManager.OpenWebConfiguration("~");
//获取appsettings节点
AppSettingsSection appsection = (AppSettingsSection)config.GetSection("appSettings");
//删除appsettings节点中的元素
appsection.Settings.Remove("addkey1");
//修改appsettings节点中的元素
appsection.Settings["addkey2"].Value = "modify key2's value";
config.Save(); //编辑App.config文件

ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = @".... est.config";
//打开配置文件
Configuration myConfig = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
//获取appsettings节点
AppSettingsSection appsection = (AppSettingsSection)myConfig.GetSection("appSettings");
//在appsettings节点中添加元素
appsection.Settings.Add("addkey1", "key1's value");
appsection.Settings.Add("addkey2", "key2's value");
config.Save();

//删除节点或属性
//打开配置文件
ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = @".... est.config";
//打开配置文件
Configuration myConfig = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
//获取appsettings节点
AppSettingsSection appsection = (AppSettingsSection)myConfig.GetSection("appSettings");
//删除appsettings节点中的元素
appsection.Settings.Remove("addkey1");
//修改appsettings节点中的元素
appsection.Settings["addkey2"].Value = "modify key2's value";
myConfig.Save();
二.详细介绍

1. 创建配置节类

必须创建继承自ConfigurationSection的对象才能进行配置数据读写操作，ConfigurationSection提供了索引器用来获取和设置配置数据，需要注意的是拥有ConfigurationProperty特性的属性才会被存储，并且名称要保持大小写完全一致，如下面的代码中，所有的"id"必须保持一样

class ConfigSectionData : ConfigurationSection
...{
[ConfigurationProperty("id")]
public int Id
...{
get
...{
return (int)this["id"];
}
set
...{
this["id"] = value;
}
}
[ConfigurationProperty("time")]
public DateTime Time
...{
get
...{
return (DateTime)this["time"];
}
set
...{
this["time"] = value;
}
}
}2. 创建配置文件操作对象
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 1000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
config.Sections.Add("add", data);
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);

上面的例子是操作 app.config，在根节点(configuration)下写入名称为"add"的配置数据。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?><configuration> <configSections> <section name="add" type="ConsoleApplication1.ConfigSectionData, ... /> </configSections> <add id="1000" time="02/18/2006 21:51:06" /></configuration>需要注意的 VS2005 在IDE模式下会将信息写入 *.vshost.exe.config，并且在程序关闭时覆写该文件，因此您可能看不到您写入的配置数据，只要在资源管理其中执行 *.exe 文件，您就可以在 *.exe.config 文件中看到结果了。如果我们需要操作非缺省配置文件，可以使用ExeConfigurationFileMap对象。ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();data.Id = 1000;data.Time = DateTime.Now;config.Sections.Add("add", data);config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);如果我们不希望在根节点下写入配置数据，可以使用ConfigurationSectionGroup对象。

ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 1000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
config.SectionGroups.Add("group1", new ConfigurationSectionGroup());
config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Add("add", data);
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);

下面就是生成的配置文件。
3. 读取配置文件

ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections["add"] as ConfigSectionData;
//ConfigSectionData data = config.Sections["add"] as ConfigSectionData; // 从根节读取
if (data != null)
...{
Console.WriteLine(data.Id);
Console.WriteLine(data.Time);
}4. 写配置文件

在写入 ConfigurationSectionGroup 和 ConfigurationSection 前要判断同名配置是否已经存在，否则会写入失败。
另外如果配置文件被其他Configuration对象修改，则保存会失败，并抛出异常。建议采用Singleton模式。 ExeConfigurationFileMap file = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
file.ExeConfigFilename = "test.config";
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(file, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 2000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
ConfigurationSectionGroup group1 = config.SectionGroups["group1"];
if (group1 == null)
config.SectionGroups.Add("group1", new ConfigurationSectionGroup());
ConfigurationSection data = group1.Sections["add"] as config;
if (add == null)
config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Add("add", data);
else
...{
group1.Sections.Remove("add");
group1.Sections.Add("add", data);
// 或者直接修改原配置对象，前提是类型转换要成功。
//ConfigSectionData configData = add as ConfigSectionData;
//configData.Id = data.Id;
//configData.Time = data.Time;
}
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);5. 删除配置节

删除ConfigurationSectionGroup config.SectionGroups.Remove("group1");
//config.SectionGroups.Clear();
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);

删除ConfigurationSection
config.Sections.Remove("add1");
//config.Sections.Clear();
if (config.SectionGroups["group1"] != null)
...{
config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Remove("add2");
//config.SectionGroups["group1"].Sections.Clear();
}
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
6. 其他

可以使用 ConfigurationManager.OpenMachineConfiguration() 来操作 Machine.config 文件。
或者使用 System.Web.Configuration 名字空间中的 WebConfigurationManager 类来操作 ASP.NET 配置文件。
ConfigurationManager还提供了AppSettings、ConnectionStrings、GetSection()等便捷操作。

7. 使用自定义类

比如ConfigSectionData里面
除了简单类型之外，可不可以有自定义的类

可以使用自定义类，不过需要定义一个转换器。

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Globalization;
using System.ComponentModel;
// 要写入配置文件的自定义类
class CustomData
...{
public CustomData(string s)
...{
this.s = s;
}
private string s;
public string S
...{
get ...{ return s; }
set ...{ s = value; }
}
}
// 自定义的转换器(演示代码省略了类型判断)
class CustomConvert : ConfigurationConverterBase
...{
public override bool CanConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, Type type)
...{
return (type == typeof(string));
}
public override object ConvertTo(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, CultureInfo ci, object value, Type type)
...{
return (value as CustomData).S;
}
public override object ConvertFrom(ITypeDescriptorContext ctx, CultureInfo ci, object data)
...{
return new CustomData((string)data); ;
}
}
class ConfigSectionData : ConfigurationSection
...{
[ConfigurationProperty("id")]
public int Id
...{
get ...{ return (int)this["id"]; }
set ...{ this["id"] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty("time")]
public DateTime Time
...{
get ...{ return (DateTime)this["time"]; }
set ...{ this["time"] = value; }
}
[ConfigurationProperty("custom")]
[TypeConverter(typeof(CustomConvert))] // 指定转换器
public CustomData Custom
...{
get ...{ return (CustomData)this["custom"]; }
set ...{ this["custom"] = value; }
}
}
public class Program
...{
static void Main(string[] args)
...{
Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
ConfigSectionData data = new ConfigSectionData();
data.Id = 1000;
data.Time = DateTime.Now;
data.Custom = new CustomData("abcdefg...");
config.Sections.Add("add", data);
config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Minimal);
// 读取测试
ConfigSectionData configData = (ConfigSectionData)config.Sections["add"];
Console.WriteLine(configData.Custom.S);
}
}
保存后的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
<section name="add" type="..." />
</configSections>
<add id="1000" time="04/17/2006 22:06:58" custom="abcdefg..." />
</configuration>

本文来自CSDN博客，转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/zhusimu/archive/2007/05/30/1630572.aspx