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目录
About Objective-C Essentials

Why are you reading this?

Supported Platforms

The History of Objective-C

The C Programming Language

The Smalltalk programming Language

C meets Smalltalk

Objective-C and Apple

Installing Xcode and Compiling Objective-C on Mac OS X

Installing Xcode on Mac OS X

Starting Xcode

Starting a New Project

Writing an Objective-C Application with Xcode

Compiling Objective-C from the Command Line

Installing and using GNUstep and Objective-C on Windows

Downloading the GNUstep Packages

Installing MinGW and GNUstep on Windows

Running the GNUstep Shell

Testing the Installation

Installing and Using GNUstep and Objective-C on Linux

Installing GNUstep on Ubuntu

Compiling Objective-C Code

Building and Installing GNUstep on Linux

Installing gcc and Objective-C Support on Linux

Package Dependencies

Obtaining the GNUstep Source Code

Configuring the Build Process

Building GNUstep

Testing the Objective-C and GNUstep Installation

Compiling Objective-C Code

Objective-C 2.0 Data Types

int Data Type

char Data Type

Special Characters/Escape Sequences

float Data Type

double Data Type

id Data Type

BOOL Data Type

Objective-C Data Type Qualifiers

long

long long

short

signed / unsigned

Working with Variables and Constants in Objective-C

What is an Objective-C Variable

What is an Objective-C Constant?

Type Casting Objective-C Variables

Objective-C Operators and Expressions

What is an Expression?

The Basic Assignment Operator

Objective-C Arithmetic Operators

Compound Assignment Operators

Increment and Decrement Operators

Comparison Operators

Boolean Logical Operators

The Ternary Operator

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise AND

Bitwise OR

Bitwise XOR

Bitwise Left Shift

Bitwise Right Shift

Compound Bitwise Operators

Objective-C 2.0 Operator Precedence

An Example of Objective-C Operator Precedence

Objective-C Operator Precedence and Associativity

Overriding Operator Precedence

Commenting Objective-C Code

Why Comment your Code?

Single Line Comments

Multi-line Comments

Objective-C Flow Control with if and else

Using the if Statement

Using if ... else .. Statements

Using if ... else if .. Statements

Summary

The Objective-C switch Statement

Why Use a switch Statement?

Using the switch Statement Syntax

A switch Statement Example

Explaining the Example

Combining case Statements

Objective-C Looping - The for Statement

Why Use Loops?

Objective-C Loop Variable Scope

Creating an Infinite for Loop

Breaking Out of a for Loop

Nested for Loops

Breaking from Nested Loops

Continuing for Loops

Using for Loops with Multiple Variables

Objective-C Looping with do and while Statements

The Objective-C while Loop

Objective-C do ... while loops

Breaking from Loops

The continue Statement

An Overview of Objective-C Object Oriented Programming

What is an Object?

What is a Class?

Declaring an Objective-C Class Implementation

Adding Instance Variables to a Class

Define Class Methods

Declaring an Objective-C Class Implementation

Declaring, Initializing and Releasing a Class Instance

Calling Methods and Accessing Instance Data

Creating the Program Section

Bringing it all Together

Structuring Object-Oriented Objective-C Code

Writing Objective-C Class Methods

Instance and Class Methods

Creating a New Class Method

The @interface Section

The @implementation Section

The main() Function

Objective-C - Data Encapsulation, Synthesized Accessors
and Dot Notation

Data Encapsulation

Synthesized Accessor Methods

Direct Access to Encapsulated Data

Objective-C and Dot Notation

Controlling Access to Instance Variables

Objective-C Inheritance

Inheritance, Classes and Subclasses

An Objective-C Inheritance Example

Extending the Functionality of a Subclass

Overriding Inherited Methods

Pointers and Indirection in Objective-C

How Variables are Stored

An Overview of Indirection

Indirection and Objects

Indirection and Object Copying

Objective-C Dynamic Binding and Typing with the id Type

Static Typing vs Dynamic Typing

Dynamic Binding

Polymorphism

Objective-C Variable Scope and Storage Class

Variable Scope

Block Scope

Function Scope

Global Scope

File Scope

Variable Storage Class

An Overview of Objective-C Functions

What is a Function?

How to Declare an Objective-C Function

Calling an Objective-C Function

Function Prototypes

Function Scope and the static Specifier

Static Variables in Functions

Objective-C Enumerators

Why Use Enumerators

Declaring an Enumeration

Creating and Using an Enumeration

Enumerators and Variable Names

An Overview of the Objective-C Foundation Framework

The Foundation Framework

Including the Foundation Headers

Finding the Foundation Framework Documentation

Working with String Objects in Objective-C

Strings without NSString

Declaring Constant String Objects

Creating Mutable and Immutable String Objects

Getting the Length of a String

Copying a String

Searching for a Substring

Replacing Parts of a String

String Search and Replace

Deleting Sections of a String

Extracting a Subsection of a String

Inserting Text into a String

Appending Text to the End of a String

Comparing Strings

Checking for String Prefixes and Suffixes

Converting to Upper or Lower Case

Converting Strings to Numbers

Converting a String Object to ASCII

Understanding Objective-C Number Objects

Creating and Initializing NSNumber Objects

Getting the Value of a Number Object

Comparing Number Objects

Getting the Number Object Value as a String

Working with Objective-C Array Objects

Mutable and Immutable Arrays

Creating an Array Object

Finding out the Number of Elements in an Array

Accessing the Elements of an Array object

Accessing Array Elements using Fast Enumeration

Adding Elements to an Array Object

Inserting Elements into an Array

Deleting Elements from an Array Object

Sorting Array Objects

Objective-C Dictionary Objects

What are Dictionary Objects?

Creating Dictionary Objects

Initializing and Adding Entries to a Dictionary Object

Getting an Entry Count

Accessing Dictionary Entries

Removing Entries from a Dictionary Object

Working with Directories in Objective-C

The Objective-C NSFileManager, NSFileHandle and NSData Classes

Understanding Pathnames in Objective-C

Creating an NSFileManager Instance Object

Identifying the Current Working Directory

Changing to a Different Directory

Creating a New Directory

Deleting a Directory

Renaming or Moving a Directory

Getting a Directory File Listing

Getting the Attributes of a File or Directory

Working with Files in Objective-C

Creating an NSFileManager Instance

Checking if a File Exists

Comparing the Contents of Two Files

Checking if a File is Readable/Writable/Executable/Deletable

Moving/Renaming a File

Copying a File

Removing a File

Creating a Symbolic Link

Reading and Writing Files with NSFileManager

Working with Files using the NSFileHandle Class

Creating an NSFileHandle Object

NSFileHandle File Offsets and Seeking

Reading Data from a File

Writing Data to a File

Truncating a File

Constructing and Manipulating Paths with NSPathUtilities

The Anatomy of a Path

Finding a Temporary Directory

Getting the Current User's Home Directory

Getting the Home Directory of a Specified User

Extracting the Filename from a Path

Extracting the Filename Extension

Standardizing a Path

Extracting the Components of a Path

Copying Objects in Objective-C

Objects and Pointers

Copying an Object in Objective-C using the <NSCopying> Protocol

<NSCopying> Protocol and copyWithZone Method Implementation

Performing a Deep Copy

Using Objective-C Preprocessor Directives

The #define Statement

Creating Macros with the #define Statement

Changing the Objective-C Language with #define

Undefining a Definition with #undef

Conditional Compilation

The #import Directive

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