ASM磁盘分区或者设备文件删除后恢复的方法
2009-10-13 22:47
796 查看
转自：http://www.itpub.net/thread-1021898-1-1.html
$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
查看磁盘组的状态和磁盘组的类型,这里的磁盘组是外部
SQL> select name,type,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME TYPE STATE
-------------------- ------------ ----------------------
DISK_GROUP1 EXTERN MOUNTED
DISK_GROUP2 EXTERN MOUNTED
FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP EXTERN MOUNTED
查看磁盘组对应的磁盘,为什么会ORCL:VOL这些磁盘没有分配,实际这些磁盘就是
ASM磁盘,由于他们有标识设备文件,所以没有对应磁盘组,如果它们没有标识设备,会对应
磁盘,我们看一下:
SQL> select group_number,disk_number,path from v$asm_disk;
GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER PATH
------------ ----------- --------------------
0 3 ORCL:VOL1
0 5 ORCL:VOL3
0 6 ORCL:VOL4
2 0 /dev/raw/raw3
3 0 /dev/raw/raw2
1 1 /dev/raw/raw4
1 0 ORCL:VOL2
7 rows selected.
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
VOL1
VOL2
VOL3
VOL4
发现其他的ASMDISK的设备文件都直接对应了磁盘组,但是VOL2却直接对应磁盘组.
看到VOL2没有定义标识,我们来定义一下.
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL1
Disk "VOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 17]
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL2
ASM disk "VOL2" defines an unmarked device
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL3
Disk "VOL3" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 49]
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL4
Disk "VOL4" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 81]
$ su - root
Password:
-bash: [: missing `]'
[root@dg1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
加入 /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdc1这条
[root@dg1 ~]# /sbin/service rawdevices restart
Assigning devices:
/dev/raw/raw3 --> /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 17
/dev/raw/raw2 --> /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 49
/dev/raw/raw4 --> /dev/sdf1
/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 81
/dev/raw/raw1 --> /dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 33
done
[root@dg1 ~]# cd /dev/raw
[root@dg1 raw]# ls
raw1 raw2 raw3 raw4
RAW1文件已经生成,在到V$ASM_DISK表看一下
1* select group_number,name,path,state from v$asm_disk
SQL> /
GROUP_NUMBER NAME PATH STATE
------------ ------------------------- -------------------- ----------------
0 ORCL:VOL1 NORMAL
0 ORCL:VOL2 NORMAL
0 ORCL:VOL3 NORMAL
0 ORCL:VOL4 NORMAL
2 DISK_GROUP2_0000 /dev/raw/raw3 NORMAL
3 FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP_0000 /dev/raw/raw2 NORMAL
1 DISK_GROUP1_0001 /dev/raw/raw4 NORMAL
1 DISK_GROUP1_0000 /dev/raw/raw1 NORMAL
8 rows selected.
发现VOL2已经不对应磁盘组了.
模拟删除ASMDISK以及磁盘分区的过程:
首先删除了ASMDISK,并没有实际删除磁盘分区
$ su - root
Password:
-bash: [: missing `]'
[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk VOL2
Removing ASM disk "VOL2": [ OK ]
SQL> startup nomount
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 83886080 bytes
Fixed Size 1217836 bytes
Variable Size 57502420 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"DISK_GROUP1"
再重新创建ASMDISK:
$ su - root
Password:
-bash: [: missing `]'
[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1
Marking disk "/dev/sdc1" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
VOL1
VOL2
VOL3
VOL4
发现磁盘组已经不能正常mount:
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"DISK_GROUP1"
用以前ASM磁盘头的备份信息进行恢复:
SQL> !
$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1
读入了 1+0 个块
输出了 1+0 个块
$ exit
SQL> l
1* alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
SQL> /
Diskgroup altered.
现在删除磁盘分区,再测试:
[root@dg1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 195 1566306 83 Linux
磁盘只划了1个分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 195 1566306 83 Linux
实际删除分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
分区已经被删除.
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"DISK_GROUP1"
SQL> !
$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1
dd: 打开 ‘/dev/raw/raw1’: 没有那个设备或地址
$ cd /dev/raw
$ ls
raw1 raw2 raw3 raw4
$ ls -l
总用量 0
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 7月 15 11:24 raw1
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 7月 15 11:24 raw2
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 3 7月 15 11:24 raw3
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 4 7月 15 11:24 raw4
其实设备文件还在,但是已经不能对应到磁盘分区.因为分区已经删除,这个磁盘组肯定不能mount
尝试重建分区:
[root@dg1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-195, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-195, default 195):
Using default value 195
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
用备份还原磁盘头信息:
$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1
读入了 1+0 个块
输出了 1+0 个块
$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=+ASM
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:40:41 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 83886080 bytes
Fixed Size 1217836 bytes
Variable Size 57502420 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
SQL>
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
Diskgroup altered.
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:41:28 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 197132288 bytes
Fixed Size 1218484 bytes
Variable Size 83888204 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Tue Jul 15 13:41:35 2008
Starting background process ASMB
ASMB started with pid=16, OS id=3352
Starting background process RBAL
RBAL started with pid=17, OS id=3356
Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008
SUCCESS: diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 was mounted
Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008
ORA-00202: ????: ''+FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP/devdb/controlfile/current.256.657732291''
ORA-17503: ksfdopn: 2 ?????? +FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP/devdb/controlfile/current.256.657732291
ORA-15001: ??? "FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP" ????????
ORA-15001: diskgroup "FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP" does not exist or is not mounted
SUCCESS: diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 was dismounted
Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
因为其他磁盘组没有装载,导致controlfile不能全部找到,回到ASM instance mount所有磁盘组
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:43:21 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 dismount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> alter diskgroup all mount;
Diskgroup altered.
QL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 197132288 bytes
Fixed Size 1218484 bytes
Variable Size 83888204 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/users.259.657732133
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/sysaux.257.657732131
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.657732131
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/system.256.657732131
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/example.265.657732351
+DISK_GROUP2/devdb/datafile/users.256.659787481
6 rows selected.
发现数据库可以正常打开,数据没有丢失.
总结: 磁盘划分区以后,在Linux下通过asm lib用oracleasm命令创建ASM磁盘,然后在/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices创建设备文件
disk partition (fdisk -l查看)->asm disk (/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks 查看)->more /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices or ls -l
/dev/raw/raw*查看
测试看出,删除raw 设备文件,磁盘组仍然可以直接读取asm disk,但是如果磁盘分区或者asm disk被删除,需要利用备份进行恢复
请兄弟门指正测试中不足,错误的地方
$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 452538402 ; 0x00c: 0x1af93022
kfbh.fcn.base: 4532 ; 0x010: 0x000011b4
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISKVOL2 ; 0x000: length=12
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 843861846 ; 0x008: 0x324c4f56
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname: DISK_GROUP1_0000 ; 0x028: length=16
kfdhdb.grpname: DISK_GROUP1 ; 0x048: length=11
kfdhdb.fgname: DISK_GROUP1_0000 ; 0x068: length=16
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32905806 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x12 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7d8
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 2565405696 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x23f SECS=0xe MINS=0x26
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32906736 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10 DAYS=0xf MNTH=0x7 YEAR=0x7d8
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 2152955904 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0xe0 SECS=0x5 MINS=0x20
kfdhdb.secsize: 512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize: 4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize: 1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact: 113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize: 1529 ; 0x0c4: 0x000005f9
kfdhdb.pmcnt: 2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn: 1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn: 2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn: 2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]: 0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]: 65535 ; 0x0da: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]: 65535 ; 0x0dc: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]: 65535 ; 0x0de: 0xffff
kfdhdb.dbcompat: 168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi: 32905806 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x12 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7d8
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo: 2565314560 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1e6 SECS=0xe MINS=0x26
kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]: 0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]: 0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]: 0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]: 0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]: 0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]: 0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]: 0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]: 0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]: 0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]: 0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]: 0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]: 0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]: 0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]: 0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]: 0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]: 0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]: 0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]: 0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]: 0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]: 0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]: 0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]: 0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]: 0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]: 0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]: 0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]: 0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]: 0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]: 0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]: 0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]: 0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]: 0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]: 0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]: 0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]: 0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]: 0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]: 0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]: 0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]: 0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]: 0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]: 0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]: 0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]: 0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]: 0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]: 0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]: 0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]: 0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]: 0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]: 0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]: 0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]: 0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]: 0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]: 0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]: 0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]: 0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]: 0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]: 0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]: 0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
从kfed看,这个磁盘的扇区是512,OS块大小是4096,用DD拷贝第一个块就包含磁盘头的信息
是在ASM的第一个块上,ASM块大小为4096,由参数_asm_blksize来控制
$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
查看磁盘组的状态和磁盘组的类型,这里的磁盘组是外部
SQL> select name,type,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME TYPE STATE
-------------------- ------------ ----------------------
DISK_GROUP1 EXTERN MOUNTED
DISK_GROUP2 EXTERN MOUNTED
FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP EXTERN MOUNTED
查看磁盘组对应的磁盘,为什么会ORCL:VOL这些磁盘没有分配,实际这些磁盘就是
ASM磁盘,由于他们有标识设备文件,所以没有对应磁盘组,如果它们没有标识设备,会对应
磁盘,我们看一下:
SQL> select group_number,disk_number,path from v$asm_disk;
GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER PATH
------------ ----------- --------------------
0 3 ORCL:VOL1
0 5 ORCL:VOL3
0 6 ORCL:VOL4
2 0 /dev/raw/raw3
3 0 /dev/raw/raw2
1 1 /dev/raw/raw4
1 0 ORCL:VOL2
7 rows selected.
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
VOL1
VOL2
VOL3
VOL4
发现其他的ASMDISK的设备文件都直接对应了磁盘组,但是VOL2却直接对应磁盘组.
看到VOL2没有定义标识,我们来定义一下.
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL1
Disk "VOL1" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 17]
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL2
ASM disk "VOL2" defines an unmarked device
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL3
Disk "VOL3" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 49]
$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk VOL4
Disk "VOL4" is a valid ASM disk on device [8, 81]
$ su - root
Password:
-bash: [: missing `]'
[root@dg1 ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices
加入 /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdc1这条
[root@dg1 ~]# /sbin/service rawdevices restart
Assigning devices:
/dev/raw/raw3 --> /dev/sdb1
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 17
/dev/raw/raw2 --> /dev/sdd1
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 49
/dev/raw/raw4 --> /dev/sdf1
/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 81
/dev/raw/raw1 --> /dev/sdc1
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 33
done
[root@dg1 ~]# cd /dev/raw
[root@dg1 raw]# ls
raw1 raw2 raw3 raw4
RAW1文件已经生成,在到V$ASM_DISK表看一下
1* select group_number,name,path,state from v$asm_disk
SQL> /
GROUP_NUMBER NAME PATH STATE
------------ ------------------------- -------------------- ----------------
0 ORCL:VOL1 NORMAL
0 ORCL:VOL2 NORMAL
0 ORCL:VOL3 NORMAL
0 ORCL:VOL4 NORMAL
2 DISK_GROUP2_0000 /dev/raw/raw3 NORMAL
3 FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP_0000 /dev/raw/raw2 NORMAL
1 DISK_GROUP1_0001 /dev/raw/raw4 NORMAL
1 DISK_GROUP1_0000 /dev/raw/raw1 NORMAL
8 rows selected.
发现VOL2已经不对应磁盘组了.
模拟删除ASMDISK以及磁盘分区的过程:
首先删除了ASMDISK,并没有实际删除磁盘分区
$ su - root
Password:
-bash: [: missing `]'
[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk VOL2
Removing ASM disk "VOL2": [ OK ]
SQL> startup nomount
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 83886080 bytes
Fixed Size 1217836 bytes
Variable Size 57502420 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"DISK_GROUP1"
再重新创建ASMDISK:
$ su - root
Password:
-bash: [: missing `]'
[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk VOL2 /dev/sdc1
Marking disk "/dev/sdc1" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@dg1 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
VOL1
VOL2
VOL3
VOL4
发现磁盘组已经不能正常mount:
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"DISK_GROUP1"
用以前ASM磁盘头的备份信息进行恢复:
SQL> !
$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1
读入了 1+0 个块
输出了 1+0 个块
$ exit
SQL> l
1* alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
SQL> /
Diskgroup altered.
现在删除磁盘分区,再测试:
[root@dg1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 195 1566306 83 Linux
磁盘只划了1个分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 195 1566306 83 Linux
实际删除分区
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 1610 MB, 1610612736 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 195 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
分区已经被删除.
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"DISK_GROUP1"
SQL> !
$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1
dd: 打开 ‘/dev/raw/raw1’: 没有那个设备或地址
$ cd /dev/raw
$ ls
raw1 raw2 raw3 raw4
$ ls -l
总用量 0
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 1 7月 15 11:24 raw1
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 2 7月 15 11:24 raw2
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 3 7月 15 11:24 raw3
crw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 162, 4 7月 15 11:24 raw4
其实设备文件还在,但是已经不能对应到磁盘分区.因为分区已经删除,这个磁盘组肯定不能mount
尝试重建分区:
[root@dg1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-195, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-195, default 195):
Using default value 195
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
用备份还原磁盘头信息:
$ dd if=/u01/asmdisk_header/raw1_header bs=4096 count=1 of=/dev/raw/raw1
读入了 1+0 个块
输出了 1+0 个块
$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=+ASM
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:40:41 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 83886080 bytes
Fixed Size 1217836 bytes
Variable Size 57502420 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
SQL>
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 mount;
Diskgroup altered.
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:41:28 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 197132288 bytes
Fixed Size 1218484 bytes
Variable Size 83888204 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Tue Jul 15 13:41:35 2008
Starting background process ASMB
ASMB started with pid=16, OS id=3352
Starting background process RBAL
RBAL started with pid=17, OS id=3356
Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008
SUCCESS: diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 was mounted
Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008
ORA-00202: ????: ''+FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP/devdb/controlfile/current.256.657732291''
ORA-17503: ksfdopn: 2 ?????? +FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP/devdb/controlfile/current.256.657732291
ORA-15001: ??? "FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP" ????????
ORA-15001: diskgroup "FLASHBACK_DISKGROUP" does not exist or is not mounted
SUCCESS: diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 was dismounted
Tue Jul 15 13:41:40 2008
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
因为其他磁盘组没有装载,导致controlfile不能全部找到,回到ASM instance mount所有磁盘组
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Jul 15 13:43:21 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> alter diskgroup DISK_GROUP1 dismount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> alter diskgroup all mount;
Diskgroup altered.
QL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 197132288 bytes
Fixed Size 1218484 bytes
Variable Size 83888204 bytes
Database Buffers 109051904 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/users.259.657732133
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/sysaux.257.657732131
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/undotbs1.258.657732131
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/system.256.657732131
+DISK_GROUP1/devdb/datafile/example.265.657732351
+DISK_GROUP2/devdb/datafile/users.256.659787481
6 rows selected.
发现数据库可以正常打开,数据没有丢失.
总结: 磁盘划分区以后,在Linux下通过asm lib用oracleasm命令创建ASM磁盘,然后在/etc/sysconfig/rawdevices创建设备文件
disk partition (fdisk -l查看)->asm disk (/etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks 查看)->more /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices or ls -l
/dev/raw/raw*查看
测试看出,删除raw 设备文件,磁盘组仍然可以直接读取asm disk,但是如果磁盘分区或者asm disk被删除,需要利用备份进行恢复
请兄弟门指正测试中不足,错误的地方
$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 452538402 ; 0x00c: 0x1af93022
kfbh.fcn.base: 4532 ; 0x010: 0x000011b4
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISKVOL2 ; 0x000: length=12
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 843861846 ; 0x008: 0x324c4f56
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname: DISK_GROUP1_0000 ; 0x028: length=16
kfdhdb.grpname: DISK_GROUP1 ; 0x048: length=11
kfdhdb.fgname: DISK_GROUP1_0000 ; 0x068: length=16
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32905806 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x12 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7d8
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 2565405696 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x23f SECS=0xe MINS=0x26
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32906736 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10 DAYS=0xf MNTH=0x7 YEAR=0x7d8
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 2152955904 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0xe0 SECS=0x5 MINS=0x20
kfdhdb.secsize: 512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize: 4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize: 1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact: 113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize: 1529 ; 0x0c4: 0x000005f9
kfdhdb.pmcnt: 2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn: 1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn: 2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn: 2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]: 0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]: 65535 ; 0x0da: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]: 65535 ; 0x0dc: 0xffff
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]: 65535 ; 0x0de: 0xffff
kfdhdb.dbcompat: 168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi: 32905806 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xe DAYS=0x12 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7d8
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo: 2565314560 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1e6 SECS=0xe MINS=0x26
kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]: 0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]: 0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]: 0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]: 0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]: 0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]: 0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]: 0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]: 0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]: 0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]: 0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]: 0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]: 0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]: 0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]: 0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]: 0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]: 0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]: 0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]: 0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]: 0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]: 0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]: 0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]: 0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]: 0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]: 0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]: 0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]: 0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]: 0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]: 0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]: 0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]: 0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]: 0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]: 0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]: 0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]: 0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]: 0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]: 0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]: 0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]: 0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]: 0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]: 0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]: 0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]: 0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]: 0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]: 0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]: 0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]: 0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]: 0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]: 0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]: 0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]: 0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]: 0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]: 0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]: 0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]: 0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]: 0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]: 0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]: 0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
从kfed看,这个磁盘的扇区是512,OS块大小是4096,用DD拷贝第一个块就包含磁盘头的信息
是在ASM的第一个块上,ASM块大小为4096,由参数_asm_blksize来控制
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