Fedora yum优化配置（以8为例）

我优化yum的知识，主要来源于以下2篇链接文章：
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=290570
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/show ... 6499&highlight=axel

小提示：
1、axel插件是wq1977大侠开发的，国货哦。
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/showthread.php?t=290570&highlight=
2、另有shawn.p.huang大侠开发了一款中文输入法，目前在快速完善升级中，现已率先加入Fedora官方源，详情看这里
http://www.linuxsir.org/bbs/thread319016.html
3、Fedora 9 将通过yum-presto插件实现差量下载，也就是说只下载旧包与新包的差异部分。效率几乎提升10倍。

以Fedora 8 、axel 1.0b 为例，以root权限操作，开始。
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一、安装yum-fastestmirror

yum install yum-fastestmirror

二、安装axel
注：我个人遇到的bug是假如yum（安装axel并启用后）要下载10个文件，第6个就中止了，那么再运行yum命令时，需要10个都重新下载。但这时我会在axelget.conf中把enabled值修改为0临时禁用axel，免得重复下载已完成的包。

1、获得axelget.conf

cd /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/ wget http://wininlinux.googlepages.com/axelget.conf

2、获得axelget.py

cd /usr/lib/yum-plugins/ wget http://wininlinux.googlepages.com/axelget.py

3、获得axel源码和安装。

cd /usr/local/src wget http://wilmer.gaast.net/downloads/axel-1.0b.tar.gz tar zxvf axel-1.0b.tar.gz cd axel-1.0b ./configure --i18n=1 make make install

三、优化fedora.repo与fedora-updates.repo文件
官方的镜像列表http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/
优化前请做好备份。

tar jcvf MyReposBak.tar.bz2 /etc/yum.repo.d/ chmod 444 MyReposBak.tar.bz2

亚森罗平兄的fedora.repo文件的头一段：

[fedora] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch failovermethod=priority #baseurl=http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ baseurl= http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/distributions/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirrors.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ ftp://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://gulus.usherbrooke.ca/pub/distro/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirror.karneval.cz/pub/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/fedora.redhat.com/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://fedora.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirror.fraunhofer.de/download.fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/mirrors/fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ ftp://ftp.free.fr/mirrors/fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://limestone.uoregon.edu/ftp/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://fedora.mirror.iweb.ca/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/Linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirror.cc.vt.edu/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirrors.tummy.com/pub/fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://www.gtlib.gatech.edu/pub/fedora.redhat/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp.linux.ncsu.edu/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ ftp://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY

亚森罗平兄的fedora-updates.repo文件的头一段：

[updates] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Updates failovermethod=priority baseurl= http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirrors.usc.edu/pub/linux/distributions/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirrors.cat.pdx.edu/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ ftp://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirror.internode.on.net/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://gulus.usherbrooke.ca/pub/distro/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirror.karneval.cz/pub/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/fedora.redhat.com/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://fedora.tu-chemnitz.de/pub/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirror.fraunhofer.de/download.fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp.uni-bayreuth.de/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/mirrors/fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ ftp://ftp.free.fr/mirrors/fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://limestone.uoregon.edu/ftp/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://fedora.mirror.iweb.ca/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ ftp://ftp.cse.buffalo.edu/pub/Linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirror.cc.vt.edu/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirrors.tummy.com/pub/fedora.redhat.com/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://www.gtlib.gatech.edu/pub/fedora.redhat/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp.linux.ncsu.edu/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ ftp://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=updates-released-f$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora

优化的方法：测试列表http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/publiclist/Fedora/哪个站点最快。
懒方法是一个个域名ping，把最快的镜像放在上面；
最好的方法是下载一个较大文件对比下载速度。
我优化后的（深圳公网ADSL 2M）平时可达50～130KB/s，快的时候可以达峰值180～210KB/s。根据使用经验，一般以下几个源比较快：
mirror.pacific.net.au ——稳定且速度快，但此站点负担了十多个发行版，任务沉重，所以与redhat主站同步较慢。
opensource.nchc.org.tw ——台湾省的，时快时慢。
ftp.iij.ad.jp ——小日本的，以前好快，现在好像降下来了，不知咋整地。
fedora.candishosting.com.cn ——在国内，不知道在北京还是武汉，速度快，但不完整，只用于fedora.repo的[fedora]一段。

如果想临时禁用某个源可以在repo文件中前面加“#”，例如这样：（假如运行yum出现包冲突，可能是与redhat主站同步不完全造成的，等几天再更新，或者禁用到只剩下redhat主站）

[fedora] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch failovermethod=priority baseurl= # http://fedora.candishosting.com.cn/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ # ftp://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ # http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ # http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ # http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY

我的fedora.repo文件

[fedora] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch failovermethod=priority baseurl= http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/os/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY [fedora-debuginfo] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Debug failovermethod=priority baseurl= http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/debug/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/debug/ http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/debug/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/debug/ http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/debug/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-debug-$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY [fedora-source] name=Fedora $releasever - Source failovermethod=priority baseurl= http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/source/SRPMS/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/source/SRPMS/ http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/source/SRPMS/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/releases/$releasever/Everything/source/SRPMS/ http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/releases/$releasever/Everything/source/SRPMS/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=fedora-source-$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY

我的fedora-updates.repo文件

[updates] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Updates failovermethod=priority baseurl= http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=updates-released-f$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora [updates-debuginfo] name=Fedora $releasever - $basearch - Updates - Debug failovermethod=priority baseurl= http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/debug/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/debug/ http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/debug/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/updates/$releasever/$basearch/debug/ http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/$basearch/debug/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=updates-released-debug-f$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora [updates-source] name=Fedora $releasever - Updates Source failovermethod=priority baseurl= http://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/linux/fedora/updates/$releasever/SRPMS/ http://mirror.pacific.net.au/linux/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/SRPMS/ http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/SRPMS/ http://mirrors.kernel.org/fedora/updates/$releasever/SRPMS/ http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/fedora/linux/updates/$releasever/SRPMS/ #mirrorlist=http://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/mirrorlist?repo=updates-released-source-f$releasever&arch=$basearch enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-fedora

还想省点力的话，附件里有我的repo文件，Fedora 8的，记得把你原有的备份。
当你明白个中方法之后，还可以优化fedora-development.repo、fedora-updates-testing.repo等等。
如果当中有什么错误请指出，如果你悟出有什么更好的东西，请你与大家分享，谢谢。