Linux全攻略--Samba服务器配置与管理(一) 推荐

SMB(Samba简称)是一组通信协议,它运行于Unix.OS/2和MS-Windows系统之间,以实现文件共享和打印机共享服务,WIDOWS客户机通过NetBIOS对话传送服务器消息来使用服务器的文件和打印机资源.NETBIOS定义了运行于DOS上的网络界面,但没有规定实际用来传送数据的网络协议.Samba使用NetBIOS over TCP/IP,这种方式有很多优点.
SMB使LINUX计算机在网络邻居中看起来如同一台WINDOWS计算机.WINDOWS计算机的用户可以登录到LINUX计算机中,从LINUX文件系统中复制文件等.
一、启动Samba
可以图形化启动，也可以命令行启动方式。



先检查下安装没，这里可以看到安装好了。



然后命令方式启动，成功。
二、smb.conf文件说明
下面看文件的说明
[global] //设置整体环境
workgroup = MYGROUP //设置工作组名称，该名称会出现在WINDOWS的网上邻居和LINUX的网络服务器中。
server string = Samba Server // 服务器名说明
; hosts allow = 192.168.1. 192.168.2. 127. 此选项对于安全性非常重要，它严格限制了可访问Samba Server的IP范围，默认是允许所有的IP访问，如果设置，那么设置好这后应去掉前面的“；”号
printcap name = /etc/printcap // 设置打印机配置文件路径
load printers = yes //是否将打印机共享
; printing = cups //打印机的类型，若使用的打印机是LINUX标准型的，则不需要更改打印机类型，通常标准型的打印机类型包括：bsd,sysv,plp,lprng,aix,hpux,qnx和cups
cups options = raw //
; guest account = pcguest //如果想让用户“pcguest：以匿名用户身份登录，去掉前面的“；”号，并确保在/etc/passwd中有此用户，这里的“pcguest“可以根据需要改成用户自己设置的本地用户。
log file = /var/log/samba/%m.log // log会在此目录中为每个登录Samba的用户建立不同的日志文件。
max log size = 50 //定义了文件夹的大小，默认是不对日志文件做大小限制的

下面是关于安全级别的设置
security = user // 安全级别，提供了4种安全等级：share,user,server,domain
; password server = <NT-Server-Name> //密码验证服务器，当用户从WINDOWS通过SAMBA使用LINUX时，会自动传送登录WINDOWS时的用户名与密码给SAMBA，然后SAMNBA向PASSWORD SERVER验证这两项信息是否正确，若不正确，则会出现对话框，要求用户重新输入。（WINDOWS NT和WINDOWS2000也会如上，WINDOWS98只会要求输入密码，因此建议与LINUX账号相同的名称来登录WINSOW98。）而这个密码服务器可以是WINDOWS NT SERVER（通常是主域控制器），或是另外一个SAMBA SERVER。因此若SECURITY=SERVER，则需要指定密码服务器，若SECURITY=SHARE，则需删除关于密码服务器的那一行。
; password level = 8 //密码级别设置
; username level = 8
; encrypt passwords = yes// 用户密码要加密，由于现在WINDOWS98/NT皆使用加密的密码，因此要有这一项，当然也可以要求使用不加密的密码。
; smb passwd file = /etc/samba/smbpasswd //奖密码服务器设置为SAMBA SERVER时，需要用此行来指定要验证的密码文件，若设置为WIDOWS NT SERVER，则不需要此行，这里最重要的是密码文件设置的路径。
; unix password sync = Yes
; passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u //接下来的两行设置用来容许WINDOWS密码改变后更新LINUX系统的密码，确定“encrypt passwords“和"smb passwd file“项被启用
; passwd chat = *New*UNIX*password* %n\n *ReType*new*UNIX*password* %n\n *passwd:*all*authentication*tokens*updated*successfully*

; username map = /etc/samba/smbusers//在此文件中设置对应的用户名称
; include = /etc/samba/smb.conf.%m //在此行允许用户自己定义每台计算机的基本配置文件，%m代表NETBIOS正在连接的计算机名称。
socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 //设置服务器和客户之间会话的socket选项，此项设置将优化传输速度。
; interfaces = 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24 //如果有多网络界面必须在此列出
; remote browse sync = 192.168.3.25 192.168.5.255 // 本行和下一行是远程浏览设置
; remote announce = 192.168.1.255 192.168.2.44
; local master = no
; os level = 33
; domain master = yes
; preferred master = yes
; domain logons = yes
; logon script = %m.bat
; logon script = %U.bat
; logon path = \\%L\Profiles\%U
; name resolve order = wins lmhosts bcast
; wins support = yes
; wins server = w.x.y.z //WINS客户端设置
; wins proxy = yes障碍
dns proxy = no //DNS PROXY设置，默认是不为客户做DNS查询
; preserve case = no
; short preserve case = no
; default case = lower
; case sensitive = no
#============================ Share Definitions ==============================
idmap uid = 16777216-33554431
idmap gid = 16777216-33554431
template shell = /bin/false
winbind use default domain = no
[homes] //用户访问自己目录的设置
comment = Home Directories //说明文件或目录类型
browseable = no //用户私人目录，不需要给别人浏览
writable = yes //用户写入自己目录的权限
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon] //域用户登录目录设置
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /home/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; writable = no
; share modes = no

# Un-comment the following to provide a specific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's home directory
;[Profiles] //默认PROFILE设置
; path = /home/profiles
; browseable = no
; guest ok = yes

# NOTE: If you have a BSD-style print system there is no need to
# specifically define each individual printer
[printers] //打印机设置
comment = All Printers //说明要把全部打印机共享
path = /var/spool/samba //打印机池，用户必须自行创建目录
browseable = no //此地存放打印机的临时文件
# Set public = yes to allow user 'guest account' to print
guest ok = no
writable = no
printable = yes //用户是否可以打印
# This one is useful for people to share files
;[tmp] //用户共享资源设置（可定义新的共享目录）
; comment = Temporary file space //说明
; path = /tmp //共享目录设置
; read only = no //是否只读或可写入
; public = yes //是否共享
# A publicly accessible directory, but read only, except for people in
# the "staff" group
;[public] //用户资源共享设置
; comment = Public Stuff
; path = /home/samba
; public = yes
; read only = yes
; write list = @staff
# Other examples.
#
# A private printer, usable only by fred. Spool data will be placed in fred's
# home directory. Note that fred must have write access to the spool directory,
# wherever it is.
;[fredsprn]
; comment = Fred's Printer
; valid users = fred
; path = /homes/fred
; printer = freds_printer
; public = no
; writable = no
; printable = yes
# A private directory, usable only by fred. Note that fred requires write
# access to the directory.
;[fredsdir]
; comment = Fred's Service
; path = /usr/somewhere/private
; valid users = fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# a service which has a different directory for each machine that connects
# this allows you to tailor configurations to incoming machines. You could
# also use the %u option to tailor it by user name.
# The %m gets replaced with the machine name that is connecting.
;[pchome]
; comment = PC Directories
; path = /usr/pc/%m
; public = no
; writable = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, read/write to all users. Note that all files
# created in the directory by users will be owned by the default user, so
# any user with access can delete any other user's files. Obviously this
# directory must be writable by the default user. Another user could of course
# be specified, in which case all files would be owned by that user instead.
;[public]
; path = /usr/somewhere/else/public
; public = yes
; only guest = yes
; writable = yes
; printable = no
# The following two entries demonstrate how to share a directory so that two
# users can place files there that will be owned by the specific users. In this
# setup, the directory should be writable by both users and should have the
# sticky bit set on it to prevent abuse. Obviously this could be extended to
# as many users as required.
;[myshare]
; comment = Mary's and Fred's stuff
; path = /usr/somewhere/shared
; valid users = mary fred
; public = no
; writable = yes
; printable = no
; create mask = 0765

三.配置Samba服务器
1.配置share级服务器.
share级在4个等级中是最低的,配置方法也是最简单.只需修改/etc/smb.conf文件如下:



看最后一行,允许IP段访问.



看光标所在处,这里需要指定一个用户账号,yang是服务器中已经存在的一个账号.



光标处是share







[tmp]这里是可以设置要共享的任何目录.
设置好后要检查正确性了.



执行testparm命令.测试smb.conf的正确性
有"OK"表示加载正常.
下面按ENTER





上面列出了配置的情况



执行snvclient命令查看资源共享情况.
最后要重新启动Samba服务.使配置文件生效.
下面来看测试.



这是在WINDOWS上,打开网上邻居.可看到配置时显示的名称LINUX.



进去以后看到服务器.



可看到配置的共享文件夹TMP



进去后可访问里面的内容了.可知配置成功.
然后来看用LINUX客户访问



在LINUX系统中,打开应用程序/网络服务器.然后点WINDOWS网络.



可看到LINUX



可看到刚才第一个画面的HAIDA,其实是一样的.



可看到共享文件夹是一个卷.



进去后同样可访问其内容了.