ABAP总结之二，BDC完整版

BDC（batch data communication）是SAP常用的一种数据传输方法。用于一些数据量大，但是对速度又要求不高的数据传输。
在实施中，很多开发顾问都忽略了BDC的日志和出错管理。这给用户在使用中带来了很大的不便。比如：哪些数据是成功生成的，哪些是失败的？那些失败的，原因的是什么？程序问题还是数据问题？
我觉得，既然是要做一套程序，那就应该尽可能地为客户考虑，减少日后的维护量。对于BDC程序来讲，日志和出错管理应该是必备的。
下面讲一下，BDC的两种通用写法。
1. Call Transaction: 顾名思义，就是直接调用BDC进行数据批量导入。优点：方便快捷，程序处理方便。缺点：日志管理能力差，需自己建透明表来维护数据。我只是把它用作测试用途，不做正式使用。
2. BDC Insert：这是一种不直接运行，而是将BDC程序生成session，间接运行的一种方法。优点：通过T-code SM35可以进行运行管理及日志管理，方便查错。缺点：相对方法1来说实现起来比较繁琐。我主要是用这种方法来实现BDC功能。
下面主要来谈一下BDC Insert这种方法。
1. 需要在程序中调用 function 'BDC_INSERT'来把BDCDATA生成SESSION.
2. 程序RSBDCSUB是执行SESSION的专用程序，要建立相应的VARIANT，后续建立JOB中使用
3. 建立BATCH JOB来定期执行RSBDCSUB，从而实现，SESSION自动执行的目的
4. 当然，不使用程序RSBDCSUB和JOB，每次手工在SM35中执行SESSION也是可以的

下面是我写的一个实例：
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Program Name: Z_KEVIN_ADV_BDC
* Project : N/A
* Author : Kevin.Zhang
* Date : 2007.1.1
* Module : N/A
* Description : Advanced BDC
*
*
*
* Special features: N/A
*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Modifications:
* Author Date Commented as Description
*----------- -------- ----------- ----------------------------------*
*
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*

REPORT Z_KEVIN_ADV_BDC.
*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*
*$*$ Global Types, Data Statements, Ranges, Constants $*$*
*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*

*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Tables
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLES: COAS, CEPC.

*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Internal Tables and Work Areas
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA: BEGIN OF GT_TABLE OCCURS 0, "internal order table
AUART LIKE AUFK-AUART, "order type
AUFNR LIKE AUFK-AUFNR, "order number
KTEXT LIKE AUFK-KTEXT, "description
BUKRS LIKE AUFK-BUKRS, "company code
GSBER LIKE AUFK-GSBER, "business area
PRCTR LIKE AUFK-PRCTR, "profit center
FUNCA LIKE AUFK-FUNC_AREA, "function area
END OF GT_TABLE.

DATA: BEGIN OF GT_EXISTS OCCURS 0. "existed IO
INCLUDE STRUCTURE GT_TABLE.
DATA: END OF GT_EXISTS.

DATA: BEGIN OF GT_PRFT_CNTR OCCURS 0."the profit center not existing IO
INCLUDE STRUCTURE GT_TABLE.
DATA: END OF GT_PRFT_CNTR.

DATA: BEGIN OF GT_SUBMIT OCCURS 0. "the submitted IO
INCLUDE STRUCTURE GT_TABLE.
DATA: END OF GT_SUBMIT.

DATA: BEGIN OF GT_BDCDATA OCCURS 0. "BDC DATA
INCLUDE STRUCTURE BDCDATA.
DATA: END OF GT_BDCDATA.

DATA: BEGIN OF GT_MESSTAB OCCURS 10. "message table
INCLUDE STRUCTURE BDCMSGCOLL.
DATA: END OF GT_MESSTAB.
DATA: GT_IMESG LIKE MESG OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Variables
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA: GV_GROUP(12) TYPE C VALUE 'INTERNAL_ORD', "BDC Name
GV_USER(12) TYPE C, "BDC User
GV_KEEP(1) TYPE C VALUE 'X', " ' '=Delete,'X'=keep after processing
GV_HOLDDATE LIKE SY-DATUM. "Date

DATA: GV_FLAG(1) TYPE C,
GV_LIN TYPE I. "number of orders

DATA: GV_C170(170),
GV_C_ULINE(50) VALUE '__________________________________________________'.

*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*
*$*$ Selection Screen $*$*
*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* Selection Screen
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
PARAMETERS: BDCTYPE(1) TYPE C DEFAULT 'B' NO-DISPLAY,
BDCMODE LIKE BDCRUN-BDC_AMODUS DEFAULT 'A' NO-DISPLAY.

SELECTION-SCREEN COMMENT 10(70) TEXT-001.
PARAMETERS: IN_FILE(128) DEFAULT 'C:/TEMP/*.txt'.
SELECTION-SCREEN SKIP 1.
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
* At Selection Screen
*-----------------------------------------------------------------------

*--------- AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST ----------
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR IN_FILE.

CALL FUNCTION 'WS_FILENAME_GET'
EXPORTING
DEF_FILENAME = '*.txt'
DEF_PATH = 'C:/DATA'
MASK = ',All Files,*.*,Text Files,*.txt;*.doc.'
MODE = 'O'
TITLE = 'Please choose file to use '
IMPORTING
FILENAME = IN_FILE
EXCEPTIONS
INV_WINSYS = 1
NO_BATCH = 2
SELECTION_CANCEL = 3
SELECTION_ERROR = 4
OTHERS = 5.

*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*
*$*$ Main Program $*$*
*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*

*--------- START-OF-SELECTION ----------
START-OF-SELECTION.

REFRESH GT_TABLE.

* Uploading the data which will be inserted into the internal table
CALL FUNCTION 'WS_UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
FILENAME = IN_FILE
FILETYPE = 'DAT'
TABLES
DATA_TAB = GT_TABLE
EXCEPTIONS
CONVERSION_ERROR = 1
FILE_OPEN_ERROR = 2
FILE_READ_ERROR = 3
INVALID_TABLE_WIDTH = 4
INVALID_TYPE = 5
NO_BATCH = 6
UNKNOWN_ERROR = 7
OTHERS = 8.

IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
'Unable to upload input file '
IN_FILE '' ''.
ENDIF.

SORT GT_TABLE BY AUFNR GSBER DESCENDING.
DELETE ADJACENT DUPLICATES FROM GT_TABLE COMPARING AUFNR.

PERFORM OPEN_GROUP.
PERFORM FILL_BDC_DATA.
PERFORM BDC_CLOSE_GROUP.
PERFORM WRITE_REPORT.

*--------- END-OF-SELECTION ----------

*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*
*$*$ Subroutines $*$*
*$*$----------------------------------------------------------------$*$*

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form OPEN_GROUP
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM OPEN_GROUP.
GV_USER = SY-UNAME.

CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_OPEN_GROUP'
EXPORTING
CLIENT = SY-MANDT
GROUP = GV_GROUP
HOLDDATE = GV_HOLDDATE
KEEP = GV_KEEP
USER = GV_USER.

IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. " OPEN_GROUP

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form FILL_BDC_DATA
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM FILL_BDC_DATA.

CLEAR GT_TABLE.

LOOP AT GT_TABLE.
CLEAR GT_MESSTAB.
CLEAR GT_BDCDATA.
REFRESH GT_BDCDATA.
REFRESH GT_MESSTAB.
CLEAR GV_FLAG.

* Check if Profit Center exists.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM CEPC
WHERE PRCTR = GT_TABLE-PRCTR.

IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
CLEAR GT_PRFT_CNTR.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING GT_TABLE TO GT_PRFT_CNTR.
APPEND GT_PRFT_CNTR.
GV_FLAG = 'X'.
ENDIF.

* check if Internal Order has already been created.
SELECT SINGLE * FROM COAS
WHERE AUFNR = GT_TABLE-AUFNR.

IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
CLEAR GT_EXISTS.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING GT_TABLE TO GT_EXISTS.
APPEND GT_EXISTS.
GV_FLAG = 'X'.
ENDIF.

IF GV_FLAG <> 'X'.

PERFORM BDCDATA USING: 'X' 'SAPMKAUF' '0100', "order type
' ' 'COAS-AUART' GT_TABLE-AUART,
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=KOKR'.

PERFORM BDCDATA USING: 'X' 'SAPLSPO4' '0300', "control area
' ' 'SVALD-VALUE(01)' '1000',
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=FURT'.

PERFORM BDCDATA USING: 'X' 'SAPMKAUF' '0100', "ok code
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '/00'.

PERFORM BDCDATA USING: 'X' 'SAPMKAUF' '0600', "order master data
' ' 'COAS-AUFNR' GT_TABLE-AUFNR,
' ' 'COAS-KTEXT' GT_TABLE-KTEXT,
' ' 'COAS-BUKRS' GT_TABLE-BUKRS,
' ' 'COAS-GSBER' GT_TABLE-GSBER,
' ' 'COAS-PRCTR' GT_TABLE-PRCTR,
' ' 'COAS-FUNC_AREA' GT_TABLE-FUNCA,
' ' 'BDC_OKCODE' '=SICH'.

* PERFORM CALL_TRANSACTION. "for test purpose

PERFORM BDC_INSERT.
MOVE-CORRESPONDING GT_TABLE TO GT_SUBMIT.
APPEND GT_SUBMIT.

ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM. " FILL_BDC_DATA

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form BDC_INSERT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM BDC_INSERT.
CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_INSERT'
EXPORTING
TCODE = 'KO01'
TABLES
DYNPROTAB = GT_BDCDATA.

IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.

ENDFORM. " BDC_INSERT

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form BDC_CLOSE_GROUP
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM BDC_CLOSE_GROUP.
CALL FUNCTION 'BDC_CLOSE_GROUP'.

IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.

ENDFORM. " BDC_CLOSE_GROUP

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form CALL_TRANSACTION
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM CALL_TRANSACTION.
CALL TRANSACTION 'KO01' USING GT_BDCDATA
MODE BDCMODE
MESSAGES INTO GT_MESSTAB.
* IF SYST-SUBRC <> 0.
* CALL FUNCTION 'WRITE_MESSAGE'
* EXPORTING
* MSGID = SY-MSGID
* MSGNO = SY-MSGNO
* MSGTY = SY-MSGTY
* MSGV1 = SY-MSGV1
* MSGV2 = SY-MSGV2
* MSGV3 = SY-MSGV3
* MSGV4 = SY-MSGV4
* MSGV5 = ' '
* IMPORTING
* ERROR = ERROR
* MESSG = MESSG
* MSGLN = MSGLN.

ENDFORM. " CALL_TRANSACTION

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form BDCDATA
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* -->P_0310 text
* -->P_0311 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM BDCDATA USING P_BEGIN P_FIELD1 P_FIELD2.

CLEAR GT_BDCDATA.
CASE P_BEGIN.
WHEN 'X'.
GT_BDCDATA-PROGRAM = P_FIELD1.
GT_BDCDATA-DYNPRO = P_FIELD2.
GT_BDCDATA-DYNBEGIN = 'X'.
WHEN SPACE.
GT_BDCDATA-FNAM = P_FIELD1.
GT_BDCDATA-FVAL = P_FIELD2.
ENDCASE.
APPEND GT_BDCDATA.

ENDFORM. " BDCDATA
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form WRITE_REPORT
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* --> p1 text
* <-- p2 text
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM WRITE_REPORT.

DESCRIBE TABLE GT_EXISTS LINES GV_LIN.

IF GV_LIN >= 1.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
'The following Internal Orders already exist.' '' '' ''.

PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.
LOOP AT GT_EXISTS.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GT_EXISTS-AUFNR '' '' ''.
ENDLOOP.

PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.
ENDIF.

DESCRIBE TABLE GT_PRFT_CNTR LINES GV_LIN.

IF GV_LIN >= 1.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
'The following Profit centers do not exist.' '' '' ''.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
'Internal Order Profit Center.' '' '' ''.

LOOP AT GT_PRFT_CNTR.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GT_PRFT_CNTR-AUFNR
GT_PRFT_CNTR-PRCTR '' ''.
ENDLOOP.

PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.
ENDIF.

DESCRIBE TABLE GT_SUBMIT LINES GV_LIN.

IF GV_LIN >= 1.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
'BDC was created for the following Internal Orders.'
'' '' ''.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.

LOOP AT GT_SUBMIT.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GT_SUBMIT-AUFNR '' '' ''.
ENDLOOP.

PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.
ENDIF.

PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
'The following Internal Orders have no Business Area.'
'' '' ''.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.

DELETE GT_TABLE WHERE NOT GSBER = ' '.

LOOP AT GT_TABLE.
PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GT_TABLE-AUFNR '' '' ''.
ENDLOOP.

PERFORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING 'Z3' 'I' '000'
GV_C_ULINE '' '' ''.
ENDFORM. " WRITE_REPORT

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Form COLLECT_MESSAGES
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
* Collects messgaes into rep tree table and writes them to
* screen for regular reporting
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
* -->P_MSGID message id
* -->P_MSGTY messgae type
* -->P_MSGNR msg number
* -->P_MSG1 text 1
* -->P_MSG2 text 2
* -->P_MSG3 text 3
* -->P_MSG4 text 4
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
FORM COLLECT_MESSAGES USING P_MSGID
P_MSGTY
P_MSGNR
P_MSGV1
P_MSGV2
P_MSGV3
P_MSGV4.

CLEAR GT_IMESG.

GT_IMESG-ARBGB = P_MSGID.
GT_IMESG-MSGTY = P_MSGTY.
GT_IMESG-TXTNR = P_MSGNR.
GT_IMESG-MSGV1+0(2) = '@ '.
GT_IMESG-MSGV1+2(48) = P_MSGV1.
GT_IMESG-MSGV2 = P_MSGV2.
GT_IMESG-MSGV3 = P_MSGV3.
GT_IMESG-MSGV4 = P_MSGV4.
APPEND GT_IMESG.

CONCATENATE P_MSGV1 P_MSGV2 P_MSGV3 P_MSGV4
INTO GV_C170 SEPARATED BY SPACE.
WRITE:/ GV_C170.

ENDFORM. " collect_messages