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ASP.NET AJAX入门系列(5):使用UpdatePanel控件(二)

2008-02-02 16:16 316 查看
UpdatePanel可以用来创建丰富的局部更新Web应用程序,它是ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX Extensions中很重要的一个控件,其强大之处在于不用编写任何客户端脚本,只要在一个页面上添加几个UpdatePanel控件和一个ScriptManager控件就可以自动实现局部更新。通过本文来学习一下UpdatePanel其他的一些使用方法(第二篇)。  一.用编程的方法控制UpdatePanel的更新  对于UpdatePanel,我们也可以使用编程的方法来控制它的更新,可以通过ScriptManager的RegisterAsyncPostBackControl()方法注册一个异步提交的控件,并且调用UpdatePanel的Update()方法来让它更新。再次用我在前面的文章中用到的一个无聊的时间更新例子来看一下,有时候我觉得例子过于复杂更加不好说明白所要讲的内容,如下代码所示,注意Button1并不包含在UpdatePanel中:
<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>
  <script runat="server">
  void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
  this.Label2.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
  }
  </script>
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head runat="server">
  <title>Refreshing an UpdatePanel Programmatically</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <form id="form1" runat="server">
  <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server"/>
  <div>
  <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional">
  <ContentTemplate>
  <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="更新时间:"></asp:Label>
  <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text="Label" ForeColor="Red"></asp:Label><br/><br/>
  </ContentTemplate>
  </asp:UpdatePanel>
   <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" OnClick = "Button1_Click"/>
  </div>
  </form>
  </body>
  </html>
  这时候不用多说,肯定是整页提交了,运行如下图所示:  再次修改上面的例子,使用ScriptManager的RegisterAsyncPostBackControl()注册Button1为一个异步提交控件,并且调用UpdatePanel的Update()方法:
  <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %>
  <script runat="server">
  void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
  ScriptManager1.RegisterAsyncPostBackControl(Button1);
  }
  void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
  {
  this.Label2.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString();
  this.UpdatePanel1.Update();
  }
  </script>
  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head runat="server">
  <title>Refreshing an UpdatePanel Programmatically</title>
  </head>
  <body>
  <form id="form1" runat="server">
  <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server"/>
  <div>
  <asp:UpdatePanel ID="UpdatePanel1" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional">
  <ContentTemplate>
  <asp:Label ID="Label1" runat="server" Text="更新时间:"></asp:Label>
  <asp:Label ID="Label2" runat="server" Text="Label" ForeColor="Red"></asp:Label><br/><br/>
  </ContentTemplate>
  </asp:UpdatePanel>
   <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" OnClick = "Button1_Click"/>
  </div>
  </form>
  </body>
  </html>
 
这时候可以看到,已经是异步提交了:
  二. UpdatePanel的嵌套使用  UpdatePanel还可以嵌套使用,即在一个UpdatePanel的ContentTemplate中还可以放入另一个UpdatePanel。当最外面的UpdatePanel被触发更新时,它里面的子UpdatePanel也随着更新,里面的UpdatePanel触发更新时,只更新它自己,而不会更新外层的UpdatePanel。看下面的例子:
  <%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default2.aspx.cs" Inherits="Default2" %>  <script runat="server">  </script>  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">  <head id="Head1" runat="server">  <title>UpdatePanelUpdateMode Example</title>  <style type="text/css">  div.NestedPanel  {}{  position: relative;  margin: 2% 5% 2% 5%;  }  </style>  </head>  <body>  <form id="form1" runat="server">  <div>  <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager"   runat="server" />  <asp:UpdatePanel ID="OuterPanel"   UpdateMode="Conditional"   runat="server">  <ContentTemplate>  <div>  <fieldset>  <legend>Outer Panel </legend>  <br />  <asp:Button ID="OPButton1"  Text="Outer Panel Button"  runat="server" />  <br />  Last updated on  <%= DateTime.Now.ToString() %>  <br />  <br />  <asp:UpdatePanel ID="NestedPanel1"   UpdateMode="Conditional"   runat="server">  <ContentTemplate>  <div class="NestedPanel">  <fieldset>  <legend>Nested Panel 1</legend>  <br />  Last updated on  <%= DateTime.Now.ToString() %>  <br />  <asp:Button ID="NPButton1"  Text="Nested Panel 1 Button"  runat="server" />  </fieldset>  </div>  </ContentTemplate>  </asp:UpdatePanel>  </fieldset>  </div>  </ContentTemplate>  </asp:UpdatePanel>  </div>  </form>  </body>  </html>
 
运行后如下:  三.同一页面上使用多个UpdatePanel  使用UpdatePanel的时候并没有限制在一个页面上用多少个UpdatePanel,所以我们可以为不同的需要局部更新的页面区域加上不同的UpdatePanel。由于UpdatePanel默认的UpdateMode是Always,如果页面上有一个局部更新被触发,则所有的UpdatePanel都将更新,这是我们不愿看到的,我们只需要UpdatePanel在它自己的触发器触发的时候更新就可以了,所以需要把UpdateMode设置为Conditional。  来看一下官方网站上提供的一个例子:包括两个UpdatePanel,其中一个用来用户输入而另一个则用来显示数据,每一个UpdatePanel的UpdateMode属性都设置为Conditional。当我们单击Cancel按钮时,只有用来用户输入的那个UpdatePanel刷新,当单击Insert按钮时,两个UpdatePanel都刷新。代码如下:
  <%@ Page Language="C#" %>  <%@ Import Namespace="System.Collections.Generic" %>  <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >  <head id="Head1" runat="server">  <title>Enter New Employees</title>  <script runat="server">  private List<Employee> EmployeeList;  protected void Page_Load()  {  if (!IsPostBack)  {  EmployeeList = new List<Employee>();  EmployeeList.Add(new Employee(1, "Jump", "Dan"));  EmployeeList.Add(new Employee(2, "Kirwan", "Yvette"));  ViewState["EmployeeList"] = EmployeeList;  }  else  EmployeeList = (List<Employee>)ViewState["EmployeeList"];  EmployeesGridView.DataSource = EmployeeList;  EmployeesGridView.DataBind();  }  protected void InsertButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {  if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(FirstNameTextBox.Text) ||   String.IsNullOrEmpty(LastNameTextBox.Text)) { return; }  int employeeID = EmployeeList[EmployeeList.Count-1].EmployeeID + 1;  string lastName = Server.HtmlEncode(FirstNameTextBox.Text);  string firstName = Server.HtmlEncode(LastNameTextBox.Text);  FirstNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty;  LastNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty;  EmployeeList.Add(new Employee(employeeID, lastName, firstName));  ViewState["EmployeeList"] = EmployeeList;  EmployeesGridView.DataBind();  EmployeesGridView.PageIndex = EmployeesGridView.PageCount;  }  protected void CancelButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  {  FirstNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty;  LastNameTextBox.Text = String.Empty;  }  [Serializable]  public class Employee  {  private int _employeeID;  private string _lastName;  private string _firstName;  public int EmployeeID  {  get { return _employeeID; }  }  public string LastName  {  get { return _lastName; }  }  public string FirstName  {  get { return _firstName; }  }  public Employee(int employeeID, string lastName, string firstName)  {  _employeeID = employeeID;  _lastName = lastName;  _firstName = firstName;  }  }  </script>  </head>  <body>  <form id="form1" runat="server">  <div>   </div>  <asp:ScriptManager ID="ScriptManager1" runat="server" EnablePartialRendering="true" />  <table>  <tr>  <td style="height: 206px" valign="top">  <asp:UpdatePanel ID="InsertEmployeeUpdatePanel" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional">  <ContentTemplate>  <table cellpadding="2" border="0" style="background-color:#7C6F57">  <tr>  <td><asp:Label ID="FirstNameLabel" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="FirstNameTextBox"   Text="First Name" ForeColor="White" /></td>  <td><asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="FirstNameTextBox" /></td>  </tr>  <tr>  <td><asp:Label ID="LastNameLabel" runat="server" AssociatedControlID="LastNameTextBox"   Text="Last Name" ForeColor="White" /></td>  <td><asp:TextBox runat="server" ID="LastNameTextBox" /></td>  </tr>  <tr>  <td></td>  <td>  <asp:LinkButton ID="InsertButton" runat="server" Text="Insert" OnClick="InsertButton_Click" ForeColor="White" />  <asp:LinkButton ID="Cancelbutton" runat="server" Text="Cancel" OnClick="CancelButton_Click" ForeColor="White" />  </td>  </tr>  </table>  <asp:Label runat="server" ID="InputTimeLabel"><%=DateTime.Now %></asp:Label>  </ContentTemplate>  </asp:UpdatePanel>  </td>  <td style="height: 206px" valign="top">  <asp:UpdatePanel ID="EmployeesUpdatePanel" runat="server" UpdateMode="Conditional">  <ContentTemplate>  <asp:GridView ID="EmployeesGridView" runat="server" BackColor="LightGoldenrodYellow" BorderColor="Tan"  BorderWidth="1px" CellPadding="2" ForeColor="Black" GridLines="None" AutoGenerateColumns="False">  <FooterStyle BackColor="Tan" />  <SelectedRowStyle BackColor="DarkSlateBlue" ForeColor="GhostWhite" />  <PagerStyle BackColor="PaleGoldenrod" ForeColor="DarkSlateBlue" HorizontalAlign="Center" />  <HeaderStyle BackColor="Tan" Font-Bold="True" />  <AlternatingRowStyle BackColor="PaleGoldenrod" />  <Columns>  <asp:BoundField DataField="EmployeeID" HeaderText="Employee ID" />  <asp:BoundField DataField="LastName" HeaderText="Last Name" />  <asp:BoundField DataField="FirstName" HeaderText="First Name" />  </Columns>  <PagerSettings PageButtonCount="5" />  </asp:GridView>  <asp:Label runat="server" ID="ListTimeLabel"><%=DateTime.Now %></asp:Label>  </ContentTemplate>  <Triggers>  <asp:AsyncPostBackTrigger ControlID="InsertButton" EventName="Click" />  </Triggers>  </asp:UpdatePanel>  </td>  </tr>  </table>  </form>  </body>  </html>
    运行后效果如下:
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