SVN安装和使用(新一代的CVS)

SVN安装和使用

SVN的安装

访问SVN网站

下载你所需版本的安装包。以Linux为例，安装过程为依次执行以下步骤：

rpm -ivh apr-0.9.5-0.2.i386.rpmrpm -ivh apr-util-0.9.5-0.1.i386.rpmrpm -ivh neon-0.24.7-1.i386.rpmrpm -ivh subversion-1.1.1-1.rh80.i386.rpm

 

SVN安装包的基本命令

svn	The command-line client program.
svnversion	A program for reporting the state (in terms of revisions of the items present) of a working copy.
svnlook	A tool for inspecting a Subversion repository.
svnadmin	A tool for creating, tweaking or repairing a Subversion repository.
svndumpfilter	A program for filtering Subversion repository dumpfile format streams.
mod_dav_svn	A plug-in module for the Apache HTTP Server, used to make your repository available to others over a network.
svnserve	A custom standalone server program, runnable as a daemon process or invokable by SSH; another way to make your repository available to others over a network.

 

配置本地访问的SVN

执行svn --version，你将看到如下画面

[root@localhost local]# svn --version* ra_dav : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV (DeltaV) protocol.* ra_local : Module for accessing a repository on local disk.* ra_svn : Module for accessing a repository using the svn network protocol.

如果你有ra_local这个模块，那么客户端就可以用file:// URLs的地址来访问。执行一下命令

$ svnadmin create /root/svnrepo$ ls /root/svnrepoconf/ dav/ db/ format hooks/ locks/ README.txt

接下来，我们建立一个本地工作目录/root/svnlocal，进入执行

//建立项目[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project [root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/trunk[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/branches[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/tags//建立一个模块exo[root@localhost svnlocal]# mkdir project/exo[root@localhost svnlocal]# vi project/exo/exo.conf[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn import . file:///root/svnrepo -m 'initial'[root@localhost svnlocal]# rm -rf project[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout file://localhost/root/svnrepo/project //check整个项目[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout file://localhost/root/svnrepo/project exo //check 其中一个模块

如果成功可以看到文件已经被check出来。地址可以使用file://localhost/root/svnrepo 或者使用file:///root/svnrepo其他的命令有
Enter your working copy and edit a file's contents.
Run svn diff to see unified diff output of your changes.
Run svn commit to commit the new version of your file to the repository.
Run svn update to bring your working copy “up-to-date” with the repository.
 

SVN的访问地址

Schema	Access Method
file:///	direct repository access (on local disk)
http://	access via WebDAV protocol to Subversion-aware Apache server
https://	same as http://, but with SSL encryption.
svn://	access via custom protocol to an svnserve server
svn+ssh://	same as svn://, but through an SSH tunnel.

 

启动SVN的svnserve，这样你就可以通过svn://url的方式来访问。

查看启动参数

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svnserve --helpUsage: svnserve [options]Valid options:  -d [--daemon]            : daemon mode  --listen-port arg        : listen port (for daemon mode)  --listen-host arg        : listen hostname or IP address (for daemon mode)  --foreground             : run in foreground (useful for debugging)  -h [--help]              : display this help  --version                : display version  -i [--inetd]             : inetd mode  -r [--root] arg          : root of directory to serve  -R [--read-only]         : deprecated; use repository config file  -t [--tunnel]            : tunnel mode  --tunnel-user arg        : tunnel username (default is current uid's name)  -T [--threads]           : use threads instead of fork  -X [--listen-once]       : listen once (useful for debugging)

我们执行svnserve -d -r /root/svnrepo
然后在刚才的svnlocal目录下，执行

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout svn://localhost/project exo

就可以通过网络协议check出指定的repo或者其中的模块注意：如果我们启动时候，只是用svnserve -d而没有制定repo路径的话，那么你在checkout的时候就必须使用是svn checkout svn://localhost/root/svnrepo/project exo 来指明全路径。
接下来，我们随便修改一个文件，然后执行

[root@localhost exo-build]# svn commit -m "test"

你会发现提示说：“提交失败，svn: Connection is read-only” 这说明svn://访问方式没有用户权限控制，只能最基本的匿名下载使用。 

权限配置

先介绍svnserve使用的基于文件的权限控制进入/root/svnrepo/conf/ 打开svnserve.conf，修改一下两行

[general]anon-access = noneauth-access = write password-db = passwd

注意：所有的行都必须顶格，否则报错。在相同目录下建立一个passwd文件，使用vi passwd命令。在里面输入

[users]danny = dannybobo = bobo

重新启动svnserve，svnserve -d -r /root/svnrepo/ 。好，接下来，我们执行

[root@localhost svnlocal]# svn checkout svn://localhost/project exo

根据提示依次输入"root"的密码（任意），用户登陆名名（danny_xcz）和密码(pass)。就可以正常chekout需要的目录了。登陆一次以后再执行svn update等命令时无需再次输入认证密码。

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