一个用python和django写的小程序

这几天都在写一个程序，是在一个网络公司实习的时候叫做的练习。下面我程序的全部用到的代码和命令，以及一些说明，记在这里希望自己以后看到 还有也许对某些人有用，省点力气。也欢迎提建议帮助我进步。

用python+django+sqlite3弄的

sqlite3只用了它的drop table 的命令，因为改了类的结构之后就会导致表的改变，要去数据库里面修改表，反正是练习干脆drop掉。

django-admin.py startproject new2 新建一个项目，
manage.py startapp myorder
建了一个app

然后修改settings.py

DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3' . 数据库直接下载了一个sqlite3.exe很小的文件直接使用
DATABASE_NAME = '/.data2.db' 这个data2.db的路径要写绝对路径了，我写了这个，d盘根目录下出现了个.data2.db文件 如果改了models就要在cmd里面写sqlite3 d:/.data2.db 然后写.tables 看到里面的table的名字，看了名字（我的是myorder_restitem） 然后用drop table myorder_restitem命令把关于餐馆的类的表丢弃了,目前我sqlite3就会drop……后来改成了绝对路径DATABASE_NAME = 'd:/order/new2/data2.db'

TEMPLATE_DIRS 里面添加：
'./templates', 在新建的工程文件夹里面建一个叫templates的文件夹，模版都在里面
INSTALLED_APPS添加：
'new2.myorder',
后来出了一个什么unicode问题，就在末尾加了句：（虽然不太明白啥意思）
FILE_CHARSET = "gb2312"

然后去修改新建的myorder app了
里面的models放了三个类 把该app的models.py文件改成了下面这样，
（http://www.djangoproject.com/
Each model is a Python class that subclasses django.db.models.Model.
Each attribute of the model represents a database field. ）：

from django.db import models

class restItem(models.Model) :
restName = models.CharField(maxlength=20)
restTel = models.IntegerField()
restAddress = models.CharField(maxlength=30)

class orderItem(models.Model):
workerName = models.CharField(maxlength=10)
dishName = models.CharField(maxlength=20)
dishPrice = models.FloatField()
orderTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) #自动记录该条实例创建的时间，不用自己赋值
orderRest = models.ForeignKey(restItem)

class dishItem(models.Model):
dishName = models.CharField(maxlength=20)
dishPrice = models.FloatField()
dishRest = models.ForeignKey(restItem)
dishTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)

manage.py syncdb
初始化数据库，没有什么特别的，照提示做

manage.py runserver 运行 如果是写成manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000就可以让其他ip访问这个服务，端口是8000，可以改成别的端口，不写ip就只能自己访问自己http://127.0.0.1:8000/

改本项目下面的urls.py为：
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Example:
# (r'^new2/', include('new2.foo.urls')),
(r'^inputorder/$', 'new2.myorder.views.inputOrder'),
(r'^statistic/$', 'new2.myorder.views.statistic'),
(r'^selectlist/$', 'new2.myorder.views.selectList'),
(r'^editorder/$', 'new2.myorder.views.editOrder'),
# Uncomment this for admin:
# (r'^admin/', include('django.contrib.admin.urls')),
)
中间添加的那些是url与相应的函数响应
那些响应都是在myorder app 的views.py里面的

views.py里面添加函数：
# Create your views here.
#coding=utf-8
from new2.myorder.models import *
#把自己的那几个类放进去，下面几个是可能用到的django和python的东西
from django.template import loader, Context
from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from datetime import *

def inputOrder(request):
text = 'no blank!'
if request.GET.has_key('wName') :
wName = request.GET['wName'] #request是一个网络响应，一个数据包，里面是固定格式的数据
dName = request.GET['dName']
dPrice = request.GET['dPrice']
rName = request.GET['rName']

if (wName and dName and dPrice and rName ):
try:
orderRest = restItem.objects.get(restName=rName)# restItem.objects.get(条件)如果符合条件的不止一个就出错，还要看看是不是不存在，不存在也出错
except restItem.DoesNotExist:
text='new restItem added'
newRest = restItem(restName=rName,restTel='new',restAddress='new')
newRest.save()#保存数据，添加到数据库里面了
orderRest=newRest
newDish = dishItem(dishName=dName,dishPrice=dPrice,/
dishRest=newRest)
newDish.save()
try:
orderDish = dishItem.objects.get(dishName=dName,dishRest=orderRest)
except dishItem.DoesNotExist:
newDish = dishItem(dishName=dName,dishPrice=dPrice,/
dishRest=orderRest)
newDish.save()

newOrder= orderItem(workerName=wName,dishName=dName,/
dishPrice=dPrice,orderRest=orderRest)
newOrder.save()
text = 'New Order Is Added ! !'

orderList = orderItem.objects.order_by('-id') #排序

return render_to_response('myorder/inputorder.htm',{'orderItems':orderList,'sendMessage':text})
#把一个字典{'orderItems':orderList,'sendMessage':text}传给模版文件，字典的条目'orderItems' 'sendMessage' 就是在网页当中django引用的名字

def statistic(request):
toShowList = []
totalAll=0
total = 0
#if request.method == 'POST' :
workerList = orderItem.objects.values('workerName').distinct()#把workerName这个条目在数据库里面的值都列出来，非重复的值

for worker in workerList:
orderList = orderItem.objects.filter(workerName=worker['workerName'])#filter函数
for order in orderList :
total = total + order.dishPrice
toShowList.append({'workerName':worker['workerName'],'total':total})
totalAll=total+totalAll
print total,totalAll
total=0
#print toShowList[0]['workerName']
return render_to_response('myorder/statistic.htm',{'toShowList':toShowList,'all':totalAll})

def selectList(request):
#return HttpResponse('xxx')
sel_list =''
dobjects=[]
orderItems=[]
message='no blank !'

if request.GET.has_key('sel_list'):
sel_list=request.GET['sel_list']
#print sel_list
rest=restItem.objects.get(id=sel_list)
dobjects=dishItem.objects.filter(dishRest=rest)
if request.GET.has_key('yourNameForSel'):
yourNameForSel=request.GET['yourNameForSel']
orderItems=orderItem.objects.order_by('-id')
if yourNameForSel:
dishChoose = dict(request.GET)['dishChoose']#从request获得的复选框的数据(条目id)，强制转换成列表以便后面用
if dishChoose:
dishToAdd=dishItem.objects.in_bulk(dishChoose).values()#in_bulk返回的是id为条目，实例为值的一个字典列 .values()就是把它的值，也就是实例都取出来成一个列表，以便下面用
for dish in dishToAdd:
newOrder = orderItem(workerName=yourNameForSel,dishName=dish.dishName,/
dishPrice=dish.dishPrice,orderRest=dish.dishRest)
newOrder.save()
message='New order added !'
orderItems=orderItem.objects.order_by('-id')
else :
message='no blank !'
robjects=restItem.objects.all()
return render_to_response('myorder/selectlist.htm',{'robjects':robjects,/
'dobjects':dobjects,'message':message,'orderItems':orderItems})

def editOrder(request) :
orderItems=[]
orderItems=orderItem.objects.order_by('-id')
if request.GET.has_key('editorder'):
editorder=request.GET['editorder']
if editorder:
editorder = dict(request.GET)['editorder']
orderdels=orderItem.objects.in_bulk(editorder).values()
for orderdel in orderdels:
orderdel.delete()
orderItems=orderItem.objects.order_by('-id')
return render_to_response('myorder/editorder.htm',{'orderItems':orderItems})

在templates文件夹下面添加对应的.html文件 如inputorder 我是在templates里面又建了myorder文件夹，所有的myorder用的都在里面放着

在base.htm里面想插入变动代码的地方放：
{% block content1 %}
{% endblock %}

下面是我的模版文件：

base.htm

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312">
<title>定餐</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="/inputorder/">手工输入</a>
<a href="/selectlist/">从菜单选择</a>
<a href="/statistic/">统计总价</a>
<a href="/editorder/">删除订单</a>

{% block content1 %}
{% endblock %}

</body>
</html>

selectlist.htm

{% extends "myorder/base.htm" %}
{% block content1 %}

<form action="/selectlist/" method="get">
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td width="120" > 
<input type="submit" name="Submit" value="选择菜单"></td>

<td width="120"><select name="sel_list">

{% for robject in robjects %}
<option value="{{robject.id}}">{{robject.restName}}</option>
{% endfor%}
</select></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

{%if dobjects%}
<form action="" method="get">
<table width="508" border="1">
<tr>
<td width="120">输入名字：</td>
<td><input type="text" name="yourNameForSel" size="15" maxlength="10"></td>
<td colspan="5"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" name="Submit" value="提交"></td>
<td> {{message}}</td>
<td colspan="5"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>选择</td>
<td>菜名</td>
<td colspan="5">价格</td>
</tr>
{%for dobject in dobjects %}
<tr>

<td width="120"><input type="checkbox" name="dishChoose" value="{{dobject.id}}"></td>
<td width="120"> {{dobject.dishName}}</td>
<td width="120" colspan="5"> {{dobject.dishPrice}}</td>

</tr>
{%endfor%}

</table>

</form>
{%endif%}

{%if orderItems %}
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td width="50" > ID</td>
<td width="100" > 员工</td>
<td width="200" > 菜名</td>
<td width="50" > 价格</td>
<td width="100" > 餐厅</td>
<td width="100" > 时间</td>
</tr>
{% for orderItem in orderItems %}
<tr>
<td width="50" > {{ orderItem.id }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.workerName }}</td>
<td width="200" > {{ orderItem.dishName }}</td>
<td width="50" > {{ orderItem.dishPrice }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.orderRest.restName }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.orderTime }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
{%endif%}
{% endblock %}

inputorder.htm

{% extends "myorder/base.htm" %}
{% block content1 %}
<form action="/inputorder/" method="get">
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td width="180"> 员工名：<input name="wName" type="text" value="" size="8" maxlength="8"></td>
<td width="260"> 菜名：<input name="dName" type="text" value="" size="20" maxlength="20"></td>
<td width="150"> 价格：<input name="dPrice" type="text" value="" size="8" maxlength="8"></td>
<td width="150"> 餐馆：<input name="rName" type="text" value="" size="10" maxlength="10"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="4"> {{sendMessage}}</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" name="Submit_order" value="提交"></td>
<td> </td>

<td> </td>
<td>  </td>

</tr>

</table>

</form>

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td width="50" > ID</td>
<td width="100" > 员工</td>
<td width="200" > 菜名</td>
<td width="50" > 价格</td>
<td width="100" > 餐厅</td>
<td width="100" > 时间</td>
</tr>
{% for orderItem in orderItems %}
<tr>
<td width="50" > {{ orderItem.id }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.workerName }}</td>
<td width="200" > {{ orderItem.dishName }}</td>
<td width="50" > {{ orderItem.dishPrice }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.orderRest.restName }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.orderTime }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>

{% endblock %}

statistic.htm

{% extends "myorder/base.htm" %}
{% block content1 %}
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td width="150">员工</td>
<td width="150">个人总价</td>
</tr>

{%for item in toShowList %}
<tr>
<td> {{item.workerName}}</td>
<td> {{item.total}}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}

</table>
<table border="1">
<tr>
<td width="150"> </td>
<td width="150">公司总价</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td> {{all}}</td>
</tr>
</table>

{% endblock %}

editorder.htm

{% extends "myorder/base.htm" %}
{% block content1 %}
{%if orderItems %}
<form name="form1" method="get" action="/editorder/">
<table width="600" border="1">
<tr>
<td width="50"><input type="submit" name="Submit" value="删除"></td>
<td width="50"> </td>
<td width="50"> </td>
<td width="50"> </td>
<td width="50"> </td>
<td width="50"> </td>
<td width="50" > </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50">选择</td>
<td width="50">ID</td>
<td width="50">员工名</td>
<td width="50">菜名</td>
<td width="50">价格</td>
<td width="50">餐馆</td>
<td width="50">时间</td>
</tr>

{% for orderItem in orderItems %}
<tr>
<td><input type="checkbox" name="editorder" value="{{ orderItem.id }}"></td>
<td width="50" > {{ orderItem.id }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.workerName }}</td>
<td width="200" > {{ orderItem.dishName }}</td>
<td width="50" > {{ orderItem.dishPrice }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.orderRest.restName }}</td>
<td width="100" > {{ orderItem.orderTime }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>

</form>
{%endif%}

{% endblock %}

如果不想直接用form 的action也可以
function showList(){
document.formOrder.action="/order/showlist/";
document.formOrder.submit();
}
用button的onKeyup()函数调用

花了一个星期写成这个样子，开始的时候就一个模版，所有的函数都挤在里面，被头头说应该分开写才是正确的写代码的风格，从一窍不通，到通了一个缝%%&……

费了半天劲try to use
django-admin.py runserver --settings=mysite.settings

结果是应该设置
set PYTHONPATH=d:/order
set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=newtest.settings

我却
>>> import sys
>>> sys.path.append('D://order//newtest')
>>> sys.path