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[.NET 基于角色安全性验证] 之二:ASP.NET Forms 身份验证流程分析

2007-07-04 23:25 786 查看
MSDN 中提及 FormsAuthenticationModule 在 Forms 身份验证中起到了关键作用,那么这背后究竟隐藏了什么?本分将简要分析 Forms 身份验证流程,以便让大家更加清楚地了解并使用它。

FormsAuthenticationModule 是一个 Http Module,Forms 身份验证通过 FormsAuthenticationModule 参与 ASP.NET 页的生命周期。它在网站应用启动时被初始化,并拦截访问请求,我们继续看看它的细节。

public void Init(HttpApplication app)
{
// 绑定 HttpApplication 的两个事件,以此来拦截系统的访问请求。
app.AuthenticateRequest += new EventHandler(this.OnEnter);
app.EndRequest += new EventHandler(this.OnLeave);
}

private void OnEnter(object source, EventArgs eventArgs)
{
if (!FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked || FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired)
{
HttpApplication application1 = (HttpApplication)source;
HttpContext context1 = application1.Context;

// 读取 Forms 认证的配置信息
AuthenticationSection section1 = RuntimeConfig.GetAppConfig().Authentication;
section1.ValidateAuthenticationMode();

// 确认 Forms 验证模式
if (!FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked)
{
FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired = section1.Mode == AuthenticationMode.Forms;
FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked = true;
}

if (FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired)
{
// 设置缺省参数
if (!this._fFormsInit)
{
FormsAuthentication.Initialize();
this._FormsName = section1.Forms.Name;
if (this._FormsName == null)
{
this._FormsName = ".ASPXAUTH";
}
FormsAuthenticationModule.Trace("Forms name is: " + this._FormsName);
this._LoginUrl = section1.Forms.LoginUrl;
if (this._LoginUrl == null)
{
this._LoginUrl = "login.aspx";
}
this._fFormsInit = true;
}

// 调用验证核心方法
this.OnAuthenticate(new FormsAuthenticationEventArgs(context1));

CookielessHelperClass class1 = context1.CookielessHelper;
if (AuthenticationConfig.AccessingLoginPage(context1, this._LoginUrl))
{
context1._skipAuthorization = true;
class1.RedirectWithDetectionIfRequired(null, FormsAuthentication.CookieMode);
}
if (!context1.SkipAuthorization)
{
context1._skipAuthorization = AssemblyResourceLoader.IsValidWebResourceRequest(context1);
}
}
}
}

private void OnAuthenticate(FormsAuthenticationEventArgs e)
{
HttpCookie cookie1 = null;
if (this._eventHandler != null)
{
this._eventHandler(this, e);
}

// 检查 User 对象,以确认是否已通过验证。
if ((e.Context.User != null) || (e.User != null))
{
// 处理 Global.asax FormsAuthentication_OnAuthenticate 事件参数。
if (e.Context.User == null)
{
e.Context._user = e.User;
}
}
else
{
FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket1 = null;
bool flag1 = false;
try
{
// 从 Cookie 中提取验证票证对象
ticket1 = FormsAuthenticationModule.ExtractTicketFromCookie(e.Context, this._FormsName, out flag1);
}
catch
{
ticket1 = null;
}

if ((ticket1 != null) && !ticket1.Expired)
{
FormsAuthenticationTicket ticket2 = ticket1;

// 刷新票证信息
if (FormsAuthentication.SlidingExpiration)
{
ticket2 = FormsAuthentication.RenewTicketIfOld(ticket1);
}

// 创建主体和标识对象
e.Context._user = new GenericPrincipal(new FormsIdentity(ticket2), new string[0]);

if (!flag1 && !ticket2.CookiePath.Equals("/"))
{
cookie1 = e.Context.Request.Cookies[this._FormsName];
if (cookie1 != null)
{
cookie1.Path = ticket2.CookiePath;
}
}
if (ticket2 != ticket1)
{
if ((flag1 && (ticket2.CookiePath != "/")) && (ticket2.CookiePath.Length > 1))
{
ticket2 = new FormsAuthenticationTicket(ticket2.Version, ticket2.Name, ticket2.IssueDate, ticket2.Expiration, ticket2.IsPersistent, ticket2.UserData, "/");
}

// 加密新的票证,并写入 Cookie。
string text1 = FormsAuthentication.Encrypt(ticket2);
if (flag1)
{
e.Context.CookielessHelper.SetCookieValue('F', text1);
e.Context.Response.Redirect(e.Context.Request.PathWithQueryString);
}
else
{
if (cookie1 != null)
{
cookie1 = e.Context.Request.Cookies[this._FormsName];
}
if (cookie1 == null)
{
cookie1 = new HttpCookie(this._FormsName, text1);
cookie1.Path = ticket2.CookiePath;
}
if (ticket2.IsPersistent)
{
cookie1.Expires = ticket2.Expiration;
}
cookie1.Value = text1;
cookie1.Secure = FormsAuthentication.RequireSSL;
cookie1.HttpOnly = true;
if (FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain != null)
{
cookie1.Domain = FormsAuthentication.CookieDomain;
}
e.Context.Response.Cookies.Add(cookie1);
}
}
}
}
}

private void OnLeave(object source, EventArgs eventArgs)
{
// 调整 URL
if (FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthChecked && FormsAuthenticationModule._fAuthRequired)
{
HttpApplication application1 = (HttpApplication)source;
HttpContext context1 = application1.Context;
if (context1.Response.StatusCode == 0x191)
{
string text3;
string text1 = null;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(this._LoginUrl))
{
text1 = AuthenticationConfig.GetCompleteLoginUrl(context1, this._LoginUrl);
}
if ((text1 == null) || (text1.Length <= 0))
{
throw new HttpException(SR.GetString("Auth_Invalid_Login_Url"));
}
CookielessHelperClass class1 = context1.CookielessHelper;
string text2 = context1.Request.PathWithQueryString;
if (text1.IndexOf('?') >= 0)
{
text1 = FormsAuthentication.RemoveQueryStringVariableFromUrl(text1, "ReturnUrl");
text3 = text1 + "&ReturnUrl=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text2, context1.Request.ContentEncoding);
}
else
{
text3 = text1 + "?ReturnUrl=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(text2, context1.Request.ContentEncoding);
}
int num1 = text2.IndexOf('?');
if ((num1 >= 0) && (num1 < (text2.Length - 1)))
{
text2 = FormsAuthentication.RemoveQueryStringVariableFromUrl(text2, "ReturnUrl");
}
num1 = text2.IndexOf('?');
if ((num1 >= 0) && (num1 < (text2.Length - 1)))
{
text3 = text3 + "&" + text2.Substring(num1 + 1);
}
class1.SetCookieValue('F', null);
class1.RedirectWithDetectionIfRequired(text3, FormsAuthentication.CookieMode);
context1.Response.Redirect(text3, false);
}
}
}

通过对 FormsAuthenticationModule 代码的分析,我们基本可以确定 ASP.NET Forms 身份验证流程。

1. 拦截系统访问,检查身份验证状态。
2. 如未通过验证,则跳转到指定的 loginUrl 接受用户身份数据验证。
3. 如已通过验证,则从 Cookie 中提取身份验证票证对象。
4. 创建用户标识和主体对象,其中标识对象包含了票证引用。
5. 更新票证过期时间,重新写入 Cookie。
6. 调整URL参数,重定向页面。

在整个验证流程中,我们可以看到几个验证的核心类型。包括:

FormsAuthenticationTicket :身份验证票证,保存用户名、过期时间、自定义数据等信息。经 FormsAuthentication.Encrypt 方法加密成字符串后保存到 Cookie 或者 URL 参数中。

GenericPrincipal :用户主体对象。HttpContext.User 就是该类型,用来保存用户身份数据,诸如:FormsIdentity、FormsAuthenticationTicket 等。

FormsIdentity:用户标识对象,可通过 HttpContext.Current.User.Identity 访问。其 Ticket 属性保存了用户身份验证票据引用。

HttpContext:ASP.NET 为每个用户创建的上下文对象,用来保存该用户的相关信息,诸如 Session、GenericPrincipal 等。

FormsAuthentication:ASP.NET Forms 身份验证的核心类之一,其静态属性可访问 Forms Web.config 配置,相关方法用来操作身份验证数据。
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