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在树莓派用C#+Winform实现传感器监测

2021-09-20 09:07 519 查看

最近学校里发了个任务,说要做一个科技节小发明,然后我就掏出我的树莓派准备大干一场。

调料

Raspberry Pi 3B+ 树莓派GPIO扩展板 3.5寸电容触摸屏(GPIO接口) 土壤湿度传感器(GPIO接口) 光照传感器(GPIO接口) 由于作品已经交上去了 这里只能先放个以前的图 这里展示的是土壤湿度传感器,光照传感器道理一样

第一步 安装mono

树莓派不能直接运行C#图形化应用程序,去网上搜了一下解决方案,WPF框架是肯定没戏,不过我看到了一个叫mono的项目,可以在Linux平台运行Winform程序,还有这等好事?!赶紧整!

国际惯例哈,更新软件源

sudo apt-get update
然后执行安装命令
sudo apt-get install mono-complete -y
如果没法安装就检查你的软件源是否包含mono,我个人推荐清华大学的开源镜像站 最后我们检查是否安装成功
mono
如果不报错,就是安装成功了

第二步 探索GPIO

环境搭建好了,然而我对GPIO接口所知甚少,还是上网查查 连接传感器,首先是单片机和检测头的连接,母对母两条杜邦线搞定 然后是树莓派和单片机,VCC接3.3V或者5V,GND接树莓派GND,DO接任意GPIO空闲接口 树莓派的GPIO对应表可以在网上搜或者看下面的字符画

一开始使用CSDN上某个大佬的GPIO类 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_30878361/article/details/97233437 结果测试了好久都抛异常,如果哪位大佬知道如何调用可以在评论区告诉我,感谢

于是我果断放弃了这个现成的类库,然后去读了下传感器的文档,发现文档里有一个很有意思的命令

gpio readall
赶紧跑到树莓派终端上,运行它!

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+ | BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM | +-----+-----+---------+------+---+--------+---+------+---------+-----+-----+ | | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | | | 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | | | 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | | | 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 | | | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 | | 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 | | 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | | | 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 | | | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 | | 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | | | 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 | | 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 | | | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 | | 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 | | 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 0 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | | | 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 | | 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | | | 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 | | 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 | | | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 | +-----+-----+---------+------+---+--------+---+------+---------+-----+-----+ | BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM | +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+

从这里看可能不太直观哈,放个图

然后把传感器从水里拿出来,再次readall

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ gpio readall +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+ | BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM | +-----+-----+---------+------+---+--------+---+------+---------+-----+-----+ | | | 3.3v | | | 1 || 2 | | | 5v | | | | 2 | 8 | SDA.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 3 || 4 | | | 5v | | | | 3 | 9 | SCL.1 | ALT0 | 1 | 5 || 6 | | | 0v | | | | 4 | 7 | GPIO. 7 | IN | 1 | 7 || 8 | 1 | ALT5 | TxD | 15 | 14 | | | | 0v | | | 9 || 10 | 1 | ALT5 | RxD | 16 | 15 | | 17 | 0 | GPIO. 0 | IN | 1 | 11 || 12 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 1 | 1 | 18 | | 27 | 2 | GPIO. 2 | IN | 0 | 13 || 14 | | | 0v | | | | 22 | 3 | GPIO. 3 | IN | 0 | 15 || 16 | 0 | IN | GPIO. 4 | 4 | 23 | | | | 3.3v | | | 17 || 18 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 5 | 5 | 24 | | 10 | 12 | MOSI | ALT0 | 0 | 19 || 20 | | | 0v | | | | 9 | 13 | MISO | ALT0 | 0 | 21 || 22 | 1 | OUT | GPIO. 6 | 6 | 25 | | 11 | 14 | SCLK | ALT0 | 1 | 23 || 24 | 0 | OUT | CE0 | 10 | 8 | | | | 0v | | | 25 || 26 | 1 | OUT | CE1 | 11 | 7 | | 0 | 30 | SDA.0 | IN | 1 | 27 || 28 | 1 | IN | SCL.0 | 31 | 1 | | 5 | 21 | GPIO.21 | IN | 1 | 29 || 30 | | | 0v | | | | 6 | 22 | GPIO.22 | IN | 1 | 31 || 32 | 0 | IN | GPIO.26 | 26 | 12 | | 13 | 23 | GPIO.23 | IN | 0 | 33 || 34 | | | 0v | | | | 19 | 24 | GPIO.24 | IN | 0 | 35 || 36 | 0 | IN | GPIO.27 | 27 | 16 | | 26 | 25 | GPIO.25 | IN | 0 | 37 || 38 | 0 | IN | GPIO.28 | 28 | 20 | | | | 0v | | | 39 || 40 | 0 | IN | GPIO.29 | 29 | 21 | +-----+-----+---------+------+---+--------+---+------+---------+-----+-----+ | BCM | wPi | Name | Mode | V | Physical | V | Mode | Name | wPi | BCM | +-----+-----+---------+------+---+---Pi 3B+-+---+------+---------+-----+-----+

可以看到BCM为6,接口号29发生了变化,在水中是0,不在水中是1. OK 搞清楚了,接下来就好办了

第三步 撰写代码

首先写个UI,没UI设计头脑的我就简单粗暴解决了 `namespace OpenEnvLite { partial class Form1 { /// /// 必需的设计器变量。 /// private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

/// <summary>
/// 清理所有正在使用的资源。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="disposing">如果应释放托管资源,为 true;否则为 false。</param>
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing && (components != null))
{
components.Dispose();
}
base.Dispose(disposing);
}

#region Windows 窗体设计器生成的代码

/// <summary>
/// 设计器支持所需的方法 - 不要修改
/// 使用代码编辑器修改此方法的内容。
/// </summary>
private void InitializeComponent()
{
this.title = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.土壤湿度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.土壤湿度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.亮度 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.亮度显示 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
this.button2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
this.SuspendLayout();
//
// title
//
this.title.AutoSize = true;
this.title.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 21.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.title.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.title.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 36);
this.title.Name = "title";
this.title.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(187, 29);
this.title.TabIndex = 1;
this.title.Text = "土壤属性探测";
//
// 土壤湿度
//
this.土壤湿度.AutoSize = true;
this.土壤湿度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.土壤湿度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.土壤湿度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(43, 89);
this.土壤湿度.Name = "土壤湿度";
this.土壤湿度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(94, 21);
this.土壤湿度.TabIndex = 6;
this.土壤湿度.Text = "土壤湿度";
//
// 土壤湿度显示
//
this.土壤湿度显示.AutoSize = true;
this.土壤湿度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.土壤湿度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.土壤湿度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 89);
this.土壤湿度显示.Name = "土壤湿度显示";
this.土壤湿度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);
this.土壤湿度显示.TabIndex = 7;
this.土壤湿度显示.Text = "检测中";
//
// 亮度
//
this.亮度.AutoSize = true;
this.亮度.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.亮度.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.亮度.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(63, 110);
this.亮度.Name = "亮度";
this.亮度.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(52, 21);
this.亮度.TabIndex = 8;
this.亮度.Text = "亮度";
//
// 亮度显示
//
this.亮度显示.AutoSize = true;
this.亮度显示.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.亮度显示.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.亮度显示.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(143, 110);
this.亮度显示.Name = "亮度显示";
this.亮度显示.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(73, 21);
this.亮度显示.TabIndex = 9;
this.亮度显示.Text = "检测中";
//
// label2
//
this.label2.AutoSize = true;
this.label2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.label2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 174);
this.label2.Name = "label2";
this.label2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);
this.label2.TabIndex = 10;
this.label2.Text = " 微型土壤探测系统";
//
// label1
//
this.label1.AutoSize = true;
this.label1.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;
this.label1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 15.75F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.label1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(27, 142);
this.label1.Name = "label1";
this.label1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(189, 21);
this.label1.TabIndex = 10;
this.label1.Text = "相互科技 版权所有";
//
// button2
//
this.button2.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.button2.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("宋体", 12F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(134)));
this.button2.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.button2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(191, 26);
this.button2.Name = "button2";
this.button2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(74, 39);
this.button2.TabIndex = 13;
this.button2.Text = "刷新";
this.button2.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;
this.button2.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button2_Click);
//
// Form1
//
this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
this.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Black;
this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(266, 235);
this.Controls.Add(this.button2);
this.Controls.Add(this.label1);
this.Controls.Add(this.label2);
this.Controls.Add(this.亮度显示);
this.Controls.Add(this.亮度);
this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度显示);
this.Controls.Add(this.土壤湿度);
this.Controls.Add(this.title);
this.ForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.White;
this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None;
this.Name = "Form1";
this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterScreen;
this.Text = "Form1";
this.TopMost = true;
this.ResumeLayout(false);
this.PerformLayout();

}

#endregion

private System.Windows.Forms.Label title;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 土壤湿度显示;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label 亮度显示;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button button2;
}

}

这是设计器代码 然后是主要代码
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; using System.Drawing; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Globalization; using System.IO; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Collections;

namespace OpenEnvLite { public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); }

public static string Bash(string command)
{
var escapedArgs = command.Replace("\"", "\\\"");
var process = new Process()
{
StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
{
FileName = "/bin/bash",
Arguments = $"-c \"{escapedArgs}\"",
RedirectStandardOutput = true,
UseShellExecute = false,
CreateNoWindow = true,
}
};
process.Start();
string result = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
process.WaitForExit();
process.Dispose();
return result;
}

private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string SenseWater = Bash("gpio readall");
if (SenseWater.Contains("|   5 |  21 | GPIO.21 |   IN | 0 | 29 |"))
{
土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度正常";
}
else
{
土壤湿度显示.Text = "湿度过低";
}
string SenseLight = Bash("gpio readall");
if (SenseLight.Contains("| 40 | 1 | IN   | GPIO.29 | 29  | 21  |"))
{
亮度显示.Text = "亮度过低";
}
else
{
亮度显示.Text = "亮度正常";
}
}
}

} `

搞定! 如果要调节传感器的灵敏度可以用十字起子转动单片机上的电阻。 光敏电阻和湿度电阻道理是一样的。 最后导入exe文件到树莓派,使用mono运行

mono -run test.exe
test.exe换成自己程序的名字,运行后点击刷新可以正常显示 大功告成!

该项目在gayhub 啊不github开源: https://github.com/fengye1003/OpenEnvLite

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