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MySQL之九---分布式架构(Mycat/DBLE)

2021-03-03 22:27 791 查看

MyCAT基础架构图

 

双主双从结构

MyCAT基础架构准备

准备环境

 环境准备:
 两台虚拟机 db01 db02
 每台创建四个mysql实例:3307 3308 3309 3310

删除历史环境

pkill mysqld
rm -rf /data/330*
\mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

初始化数据

mkdir /data/33{07..10}/data -p
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3309/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
mysqld --initialize-insecure  --user=mysql --datadir=/data/3310/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql

配置文件

========db01==============

cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=7
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=8
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
​
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=9
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
​
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=10
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
​
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
​
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
​
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

========db02===============

cat >/data/3307/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3307/data
socket=/data/3307/mysql.sock
port=3307
log-error=/data/3307/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3307/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=17
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
​
cat >/data/3308/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3308/data
port=3308
socket=/data/3308/mysql.sock
log-error=/data/3308/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3308/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=18
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
​
cat >/data/3309/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3309/data
socket=/data/3309/mysql.sock
port=3309
log-error=/data/3309/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3309/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=19
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
​
cat >/data/3310/my.cnf<<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/3310/data
socket=/data/3310/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/data/3310/mysql.log
log_bin=/data/3310/mysql-bin
binlog_format=row
skip-name-resolve
server-id=20
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=true
log-slave-updates=1
EOF
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3307.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3307/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3308.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3308/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3309.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3309/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF
​
​
cat >/etc/systemd/system/mysqld3310.service<<EOF
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/3310/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

 

 

启动多实例

chown -R mysql.mysql /data/*
systemctl start mysqld3307
systemctl start mysqld3308
systemctl start mysqld3309
systemctl start mysqld3310
​
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show variables like 'server_id'"

配置主从环境

shard1
10.0.0.51:3307 <-----> 10.0.0.52:3307
# db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create user repl@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%'; "
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create user root@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%'; "
# db01
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status \G"|grep Running
# db02
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |grep Running
10.0.0.51:3309 ------> 10.0.0.51:3307
db01
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock  -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running
10.0.0.52:3309 ------> 10.0.0.52:3307
# db02
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3307, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running
====================================================================
​
​
# shard2
## 10.0.0.52:3308 <-----> 10.0.0.51:3308
# db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create user repl@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant replication slave on *.* to repl@'10.0.0.%';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create user root@'10.0.0.%' identified with mysql_native_password by '123'; grant all  on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%'; "
​
# db02
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |grep Running
# db01
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running
## 10.0.0.52:3310 -----> 10.0.0.52:3308
# db02
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.52', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G" |grep Running
##10.0.0.51:3310 -----> 10.0.0.51:3308
# db01
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51', MASTER_PORT=3308, MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1, MASTER_USER='repl', MASTER_PASSWORD='123';"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "start slave;"
mysql  -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Running

检测主从状态

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes
mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "show slave status\G"|grep Yes

注:如果中间出现错误,在每个节点进行执行以下命令,从配置主从环境开始执行 mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3309/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;" mysql -S /data/3310/mysql.sock -e "stop slave; reset slave all;"

节点主从规划

 箭头指向谁是主库
10.0.0.51:3307    <----->  10.0.0.52:3307
10.0.0.51:3309    ------>  10.0.0.51:3307
10.0.0.52:3309    ------>  10.0.0.52:3307
​
10.0.0.52:3308  <----->    10.0.0.51:3308
10.0.0.52:3310  ----->     10.0.0.52:3308
10.0.0.51:3310  ----->     10.0.0.51:3308

MySQL分布式架构介绍

 

 1. schema拆分及业务分库
2. 垂直拆分-分库分表
3. 水平拆分-分片

企业代表产品

 360 Atlas-Sharding
 Alibaba cobar
 Mycat
 TDDL
 Heisenberg
 Oceanus
 Vitess
 OneProxy
 DRDS

MyCAT安装

开源组织和社区开发人员,在淘宝cobar(TDDL)基础上二次开发,Mycat后来被爱可生改写成了DBLE

安装Java运行环境

yum install -y java

下载

http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/

http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.4/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release/Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux.tar.gz

解压文件

[root@db02 opt]#rz
[root@db02 opt]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.6.7.4-release-20200105164103-linux_.tar.gz

软件目录结构

ls
bin  catlet  conf  lib  logs  version.txt

启动和连接

 配置环境变量
[root@db02 opt]#vim /etc/profile
export PATH=/opt/mycat/bin:$PATH
[root@db02 opt]#source /etc/profile

 启动
[root@db02 opt]#mycat start

 连接mycat:    
[root@db02 opt]#mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
8.0之前[root@db02 opt]#mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066

配置文件介绍

 bin 目录
 程序目录
 conf
 配置文件目录
 schema.xml
 主配置文件:节点信息、读写分离、高可用设置、调用分片策略..
 rule.xml
 分片策略的定义、功能、使用用方法
 server.xml
 mycat服务有关配置: 用户、网络、权限、策略、资源...
 xx.txt文件
 分片参数定义文件
 log4j2.xml
 Mycat 相关日志记录配置
 logs
 wrapper.log: 启动日志  
 mycat.log : 工作日志

应用环境准备

用户创建及数据库导入

 schema.xml配置文件结构
[root@db02 conf]# cd /opt/mycat/conf/
[root@db02 conf]#mv schema.xml schema.xml.bak
[root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>


 ########################测试环境准备
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e  "source /root/world.sql"
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e  "source /root/world.sql"
[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart  重启mycat
     
 ######################## 读写分离测试    
  # 测试读
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password  -e "select @@server_id;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
# 测试写
mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password  -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           7 |
+-------------+

         
 ############################总结:
 以上案例实现了1主1从的读写分离功能,写操作落到主库,读操作落到从库.如果主库宕机,从库不能在继续提供服务了。

配置文件详细介绍

逻辑库:schema

<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>

数据节点:datanode

<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database= "world" />

数据主机:datahost(w和r)

<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  
dbDriver="native" switchType="1"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123"> <readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" /> </writeHost> </dataHost>

 

 

配置读写分离及高可用

 [root@db02 conf]# mv schema.x
[root@db02 conf]# mv schema.xml schema.xml.rw
[root@db02 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
ml schema.xml.rw
[root@db02 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "world" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

真正的

` writehost
:负责写操作的
writehost standby writeHost
:和
readhost
一样,只提供读服务 当写节点宕机后,后面跟的readhost也不提供服务,这时候standby的writehost就提供写服务, 后面跟的
readhost
提供读服务 测试: mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 127.0.0.1 -P 8066 show variables like 'server_id'; 读写分离测试 mysql -uroot -p -h 127.0.0.1 -P8066 show variables like 'server_id'; show variables like 'server_id'; show variables like 'server_id'; begin; show variables like 'server_id'; 对db01 3307节点进行关闭和启动,测试读写操作

重启

[root@db02 conf]#mycat restart

测试读(三读)

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password  -e "select @@server_id;"
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          19 |
+-------------+
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          17 |
+-------------+
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
​

测试写(一写)

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password  -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           7 |
+-------------+

测试高可用

[root@db01 ~]# systemctl stop mysqld3307
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;"
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          19 |
+-------------+
​
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          17 |
+-------------+
[root@db01 ~]# systemctl start  mysqld3307
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "select @@server_id;"
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          19 |
+-------------+
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           7 |
+-------------+
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|           9 |
+-------------+
​
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password -e "begin ; select @@server_id;commit;"
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
|          17 |
+-------------+

配置中的属性介绍:

balance属性

 负载均衡类型,目前的取值有3种: 
 1. balance="0", 不开启读写分离机制,所有读操作都发送到当前可用的writeHost上。
 2. balance="1",默认参数 三读一写 全部的readHost与standby writeHost参与select语句的负载均衡,简单的说,
  当双主双从模式(M1->S1,M2->S2,并且M1与 M2互为主备),正常情况下,M2,S1,S2都参与select语句的负载均衡。
 3. balance="2",所有读操作都随机的在writeHost、readhost上分发。

writeType属性

 负载均衡类型,目前的取值有2种: 
 1.writeType="0", 所有写操作发送到配置的第一个writeHost,
 第一个挂了切到还生存的第二个writeHost,重新启动后已切换后的为主,切换记录在配置文件中:dnindex.properties .
 2.writeType=“1”,所有写操作都随机的发送到配置的writeHost,但不推荐使用

switchType属性

 -1 表示不自动切换 
 1 默认值,自动切换
 2 基于MySQL主从同步的状态决定是否切换 ,心跳语句为 show slave status

datahost其他配置

<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
maxCon="1000":最大的并发连接数
minCon="10" :mycat在启动之后,会在后端节点上自动开启的连接线程
tempReadHostAvailable="1"
这个一主一从时(1个writehost,1个readhost时),可以开启这个参数,如果2个writehost,2个readhost时
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>  监测心跳

Mycat 分布式架构----垂直分表

taobao库:   user (sh1),order_t(sh2)   ,others(sh3)
[root@db02 conf]# mv  schema.xml  schema.xml.ha
[root@db02 conf]# vim schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="sh1">
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="sh1" dataHost="oldguo1" database= "taobao" />
<dataNode name="sh2" dataHost="oldguo2" database= "taobao" />
<dataHost name="oldguo1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3307" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3309" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>

<dataHost name="oldguo2" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"  writeType="0" dbType="mysql"  dbDriver="native" switchType="1">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="db1" url="10.0.0.51:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db2" url="10.0.0.51:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="db3" url="10.0.0.52:3308" user="root" password="123">
<readHost host="db4" url="10.0.0.52:3310" user="root" password="123" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>

创建测试库和表

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "create database taobao charset utf8;"
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table user(id int,name varchar(20))";
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table order_t(id int,name varchar(20))";

重启mycat

[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart

mycat数据插入

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52  -P 8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
insert into user values(1,'a');
insert into user values(2,'b');
insert into user values(3,'c');
commit;
insert into order_t values(1,'x'),(2,'y');
commit;
show databases;
use TESTDB;
show tables
select * from order_t;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | x    |
|    2 | y    |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.05 sec)
​
mysql> select * from user;
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | a    |
|    2 | b    |
|    3 | c    |
+------+------+

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao"
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| user             |
+------------------+
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "show tables from taobao"
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t          |
+------------------+
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.user"
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | a    |
|    2 | b    |
|    3 | c    |
+------+------+
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.order_t"
+------+------+
| id   | name |
+------+------+
|    1 | x    |
|    2 | y    |
+------+------

MyCAT核心特性——分片(水平拆分)

 分片:对一个"bigtable",比如说t3表
 (1)行数非常多,800w
 (2)访问非常频繁
 分片的目的:
 (1)将大数据量进行分布存储
 (2)提供均衡的访问路由
 分片策略:
 几乎融合经典业务中大部分的分片策略。Mycat已经开发了相应算法,非常方便调用。
 范围分片
 取模
 枚举
 日期
 HASH
 等。
 分片键: 作为分片条件的列。

范围分片(range)

  比如说t3表
 行数非常多,2000w(1-1000w:sh1   1000w01-2000w:sh2)
 访问非常频繁,用户顺序访问较多

定制分片策略

[root@db02 conf]#cp schema.xml schema.xml.1
[root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml
<table name="user" dataNode="sh1"/>
<table name="order_t" dataNode="sh2"/>
下方添加:
<table name="t3" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="auto-sharding-long" />
</schema>

定义和使用分片策略

vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
</rule>
<function name="rang-long"
class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
<property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
</function>

定义范围

[root@db02 conf]#vim autopartition-long.txt
0-10=0
10-20=1

创建测试表

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e
"use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e
"use taobao;create table t3 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

 

 

重启mycat并测试

[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P 8066  --default-auth=mysql_native_password
insert into t3(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t3(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t3(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t3(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t3(id,name) values(11,'aa');
insert into t3(id,name) values(12,'bb');
insert into t3(id,name) values(13,'cc');
insert into t3(id,name) values(14,'dd');
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB   |
+----------+
mysql> use TESTDB;
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_taobao |
+------------------+
| order_t          |
| t3               |
| user             |
+------------------+
#####逻辑上合并
mysql> select * from t3;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
| 11 | aa   |
| 12 | bb   |
| 13 | cc   |
| 14 | dd   |
+----+------+
​
###物理上分开
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.t3"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
| 11 | aa   |
| 12 | bb   |
| 13 | cc   |
| 14 | dd   |
+----+------+
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.t3"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |

 +----+------+

取模分片(mod-long)

 1%3 1
 2%3 2
 3%3 0
 4%3 1
 5%3 2
 任何正整数数字和N(正整数)取模,得的值永远都是 0~N-1
 id % 分片数量取模
 N % 5 =  0-4   idx

修改配置文件

 取余分片方式:分片键(一个列)与节点数量进行取余,得到余数,将数据写入对应节点
 [root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml
 添加:....t3之后
    <table name="t4" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long" />

查看和定义分片使用

[root@db02 conf]#vim rule.xml
<property name="count">3</property>
<property name="count">2</property>   #将3修改为2

准备测试环境

创建测试表

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4 
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);" [root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t4
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

重启mycat

[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart

测试

[root@db01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into t4(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t4(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t4(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t4(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into t4(id,name) values(6,'x'),(8,'y'),(10,'z');

登录端节点查询数据

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  3 | c    |
+----+------+
[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t4"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  2 | b    |
|  4 | d    |
|  6 | x    |
|  8 | y    |
| 10 | z    |
+----+------+

枚举分片(区域,zone)

t5 表
id name telnum
1   bj   1212
2   sh   22222
3   bj   3333
4   sh   44444
5   bj   5555
sharding-by-intfile

设计分片策略

vim schema.xml
添加t4之后
<table name="t5" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="sharding-by-intfile" />

应用分片策略

vim rule.xml
<tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
<rule>
<columns>name</columns>
<algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="hash-int" class="org.opencloudb.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
<property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
<property name="type">1</property>
</function>
vim  partition-hash-int.txt 配置:
bj=0
sh=1
DEFAULT_NODE=1      #默认分

准备测试环境

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;
create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;
create table t5 (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
重启mycat
mycat restart

插入测试数据

mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into t5(id,name) values(1,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(2,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(3,'bj');
insert into t5(id,name) values(4,'sh');
insert into t5(id,name) values(5,'tj');

测试

mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  2 | sh   |
|  4 | sh   |
|  5 | tj   |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t5"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | bj   |
|  3 | bj   |
+----+------+

Mycat全局表

a   b   c  d   .....
join
t
a
id   name   age
1    zs     18   sh1
id    addr  aid
1001  bj    1
1002  sh    2
2    ls     19   sh2
id    addr  aid
1001  bj    1
1002  sh    2
t
id    addr  aid
1001  bj    1
1002  sh    2

使用场景

如果你的业务中有些数据类似于数据字典,比如配置文件的配置, 常用业务的配置或者数据量不大很少变动的表,这些表往往不是特别大, 而且大部分的业务场景都会用到,那么这种表适合于Mycat全局表,无须对数据进行切分, 要在所有的分片上保存一份数据即可,Mycat 在Join操作中,业务表与全局表进行Join聚合会优先选择相同分片内的全局表join, 避免跨库Join,在进行数据插入操作时,mycat将把数据分发到全局表对应的所有分片执行,在进行数据读取时候将会随机获取一个节点读取数据。

设置全局表策略

[root@db02 conf]#vim schema.xml
<table name="t_area" primaryKey="id" type="global" dataNode="sh1,sh2" />

后端数据准备

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table t_area (id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"

重启mycat

[root@db02 conf]# mycat restart

测试

[root@db02 conf]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password

use TESTDB
insert into t_area(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into t_area(id,name) values(4,'d');
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "select * from taobao.t_area"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  2 | b    |
|  3 | c    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+

E-R分片(有关联的表)

a
join
b
on  a.xx =b.yy
a
id  name
--------------
1   a       sh1
3   c
----------------
2   b       sh2
4   d
​
b
id   addr  aid
1001  bj   1        sh1
1002  sh   2
​
1003  tj   3        sh2
1004  wh   4

修改配置文件

vim schema.xml
<table name="a" dataNode="sh1,sh2" rule="mod-long_oldguo">
<childTable name="b" joinKey="aid" parentKey="id" />
</table>

修改分片策略

vim rule.xml
#mod-long之后
<tableRule name="mod-long_oldguo">
<rule>
<columns>id</columns>
<algorithm>mod-long_oldguo</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
​
###<property name="count">2</property>
</function>
添加之后
<function name="mod-long_oldguo" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">               <!-- how many data nodes -->
<property name="count">2</property>
</function>

创建测试表

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,addr varchar(20) not null ,aid int );"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table a
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(20) not null);"
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock -e "use taobao;create table b
(id int not null primary key auto_increment,addr varchar(20) not null ,aid int );"

重启mycat 测试

mycat restartmysql -uroot -p123456 -h10.0.0.52 -P8066 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
use TESTDB
insert into a(id,name) values(1,'a');
insert into a(id,name) values(2,'b');
insert into a(id,name) values(3,'c');
insert into a(id,name) values(4,'d');
insert into a(id,name) values(5,'e');
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1001,'bj',1);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1002,'sj',3);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1003,'sd',4);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1004,'we',2);
insert into b(id,addr,aid) values(1005,'er',5);

后端数据节点数据分布

mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.a"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  2 | b    |
|  4 | d    |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.b"     +------+------+------+
| id   | addr | aid  |
+------+------+------+
| 1003 | sd   |    4 |
| 1004 | we   |    2 |
+------+------+------+
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.a"
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | a    |
|  3 | c    |
|  5 | e    |
+----+------+
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock  -e "select * from taobao.b"
+------+------+------+
| id   | addr | aid  |
+------+------+------+
| 1001 | bj   |    1 |
| 1002 | sj   |    3 |
| 1005 | er   |    5 |
+------+------+------+

 

 




 

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