Spring 中使用 JdbcTemplate 连接操作 MySQL

JdbcTemplate 是 Spring 利用 Aop 思想封装的 JDBC 操作工具。

准备工作

引入依赖

创建一个新项目，添加如下依赖：

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<!-- DataBase Begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.17</version>
</dependency>
<!-- DataBase Over -->

创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`test01` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci */ /*!80016 DEFAULT ENCRYPTION='N' */;

USE `test01`;

/*Table structure for table `user` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;

CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`username` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`address` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;

创建实体类

public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String address;

@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", username='" + username + '\'' +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}

// 省略 get/set 方法
}

Java 配置

提供一个配置类，在配置类中配置

JdbcTemplate

@Configuration
public class JdbcConfig {

@Bean
DataSource dataSource() {
DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword("123456");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql:///test01");
return dataSource;
}

@Bean
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate() {
return new JdbcTemplate(dataSource());
}
}

这里，提供两个 Bean，一个是

DataSource

的 Bean，另一个是

JdbcTemplate

的 Bean，

JdbcTemplate

的配置非常容易，只需要 new 一个 Bean 出来，然后配置一下 DataSource 就可以。

public class Main {

private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

@Before
public void before() {
AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(JdbcConfig.class);
jdbcTemplate = ctx.getBean(JdbcTemplate.class);
}

@Test
public void insert() {
jdbcTemplate.update("insert into user (username,address) values (?,?);", "antonio", "www.antoniopeng.com");
}
@Test
public void update() {
jdbcTemplate.update("update user set username=? where id=?", "antonio", 1);

}
@Test
public void delete() {
jdbcTemplate.update("delete from user where id=?", 2);
}

@Test
public void select() {
User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from user where id=?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), 1);
System.out.println(user);
}
}

在查询时，如果使用了

BeanPropertyRowMapper

，要求查出来的字段必须和 Bean 的属性名一一对应。如果不一样，则不要使用

BeanPropertyRowMapper

，此时需要自定义

RowMapper

或者给查询的字段取别名。

1. 给查询出来的列取别名：

   @Test
   public void select2() {
   User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select id,username as name,address from user where id=?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), 1);
   System.out.println(user);
   }

2. 自定义 RowMapper

   @Test
   public void select3() {
   User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from user where id=?", new RowMapper<User>() {
   public User mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
   int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
   String username = resultSet.getString("username");
   String address = resultSet.getString("address");
   User u = new User();
   u.setId(id);
   u.setName(username);
   u.setAddress(address);
   return u;
   }
   }, 1);
   System.out.println(user);
   }

查询多条记录，方式如下：

@Test
public void select4() {
List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from user", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class));
System.out.println(list);
}

XML 配置

以上配置，也可以通过 XML 文件来实现。通过 XML 文件实现只是提供 JdbcTemplate 实例，剩下的代码还是 Java 代码，就是 JdbcConfig 被 XML 文件代替而已。

<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" id="dataSource">
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="123"/>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///test01?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai"/>
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate" id="jdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>

配置完成后，加载该配置文件，并启动：

public class Main {

private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

@Before
public void before() {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
jdbcTemplate = ctx.getBean(JdbcTemplate.class);
}

@Test
public void insert() {
jdbcTemplate.update("insert into user (username,address) values (?,?);", "javaboy", "www.javaboy.org");
}
@Test
public void update() {
jdbcTemplate.update("update user set username=? where id=?", "javaboy123", 1);

}
@Test
public void delete() {
jdbcTemplate.update("delete from user where id=?", 2);
}

@Test
public void select() {
User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from user where id=?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), 1);
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test
public void select4() {
List<User> list = jdbcTemplate.query("select * from user", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(User.class));
System.out.println(list);
}
@Test
public void select2() {
User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select id,username as name,address from user where id=?", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<User>(User.class), 1);
System.out.println(user);
}
@Test
public void select3() {
User user = jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("select * from user where id=?", new RowMapper<User>() {
public User mapRow(ResultSet resultSet, int i) throws SQLException {
int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
String username = resultSet.getString("username");
String address = resultSet.getString("address");
User u = new User();
u.setId(id);
u.setName(username);
u.setAddress(address);
return u;
}
}, 1);
System.out.println(user);
}
}

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