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官方总结鸿蒙应用开发常见问题与实现方法典型案例

2020-11-18 17:54 399 查看

1自定义Dialog的布局

1.1 问题描述

如何实现自定义的Dialog?

1.2 实现方法

添加自定义Dialog代码

CommonDialog commonDialog = new   CommonDialog(this);

Component component =   LayoutScatter.getInstance(getContext())

.parse(ResourceTable.Layout_dialog_custom_layout,   null, true);

commonDialog.setSize(800, 500);

commonDialog.setContentCustomComponent(component);

commonDialog.show();

自定义Dialog的布局文件

<?xml version="1.0"   encoding="utf-8"?>

<DirectionalLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:padding="10vp"
ohos:background_element="@graphic:grey"
ohos:orientation="vertical">

<Text
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:text="Dialog标题"
ohos:text_color="$color:Black"
ohos:text_style="bold"
ohos:text_size="40fp"/>

<Text
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:text="自定义Dialog内容"
ohos:text_color="$color:Black"
ohos:text_style="bold"
ohos:weight="1"
ohos:text_alignment="vertical_center"
ohos:top_margin="30vp"
ohos:bottom_margin="30vp"
ohos:left_margin="10vp"
ohos:right_margin="10vp"
ohos:text_size="30fp"/>

<DirectionalLayout
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:orientation="horizontal">

<Button
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:text="取消"
ohos:text_size="30fp"
ohos:padding="10vp"
ohos:text_color="$color:White"
ohos:weight="1"
ohos:margin="10vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:yellow"
ohos:height="match_content"/>

<Button
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:text="确定"
ohos:text_size="30fp"
ohos:weight="1"
ohos:padding="10vp"
ohos:text_color="$color:White"
ohos:margin="10vp"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:green"
ohos:height="match_content"/>
</DirectionalLayout>
</DirectionalLayout>

1.3 实际效果

2 设置控件背景颜色

2.1 问题描述

在xml布局中设置控件ohos:background_element="$color:yellow"无效,目前背景颜色不支持以$color方式设置,只支持$graphic方式设置。

2.2 实现方法

方式1:xml中设置控件背景颜色使用$graphic

<Button
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:text="控件按钮"
ohos:text_size="30fp"
ohos:padding="10vp"
ohos:text_color="$color:White"
ohos:background_element="$graphic:yellow"
ohos:height="match_content"/>

资源文件graphic中yellow.xml代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0"   encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape   xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle">
<solid
ohos:color="#fff9a825"/>
</shape>

方式2:纯代码设置控件颜色

DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig   config = new   DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig(DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT,   DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);

config.setMargins(30, 10, 10, 10);
ShapeElement element = new   ShapeElement();
element.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(255,   111, 0));
Text text = new Text(this);
text.setText("xml添加背景");
text.setTextColor(new Color(0xFFFFFFFF));
text.setTextSize(40);
text.setPadding(30, 20, 30, 20);
text.setTextAlignment(TextAlignment.CENTER);
text.setBackground(element);
text.setLayoutConfig(config);

2.3 实际效果

3 ScrollView嵌套DirectionalLayout进行滚动

3.1 问题描述

ScrollView嵌套DirectionalLayout如何进行滚动?

3.2 实现方法

  1. 使用xml布局,需要将ScrollView的高度设置成“match_parent”,ScrollView子布局的高度设置成“match_content”
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<ScrollView
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:orientation="vertical">

<DirectionalLayout   xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:orientation="vertical">
...
</DirectionalLayout>
</ScrollView>
  1. 使用代码添加,则需要给ScrollView和子布局设置LayoutConfig
ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig   scrollConfig = new   ComponentContainer.LayoutConfig(DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT,   DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT);

scrollView.setLayoutConfig(scrollConfig);

DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig config =   new   DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig(DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_PARENT,   DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);

myLayout.setLayoutConfig(config);

...

scrollView.addComponent(myLayout);

super.setUIContent(scrollView);

3.3 实际效果

4 加载和显示网络图片

4.1 问题描述

如何实现加载和显示网络图片?

4.2 实现方法

  1. 在config.json中添加网络权限
{
"module": {
"reqPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"
}
]
}
}
  1. 获取并设置网络图片
String   urlImage = "https://www.harmonyos.com/resource/image/community/20201009-164134eSpace.jpg";

HttpURLConnection   connection = null;

try {
URL url = new URL(urlImage);
URLConnection urlConnection =   url.openConnection();
if (urlConnection instanceof   HttpURLConnection) {
connection =   (HttpURLConnection) urlConnection;
}
if (connection != null) {
connection.connect();
// 之后可进行url的其他操作
// 得到服务器返回过来的流对象
InputStream inputStream =   urlConnection.getInputStream();
ImageSource imageSource = ImageSource.create(inputStream,   new ImageSource.SourceOptions());
ImageSource.DecodingOptions   decodingOptions = new ImageSource.DecodingOptions();
decodingOptions.desiredPixelFormat   = PixelFormat.ARGB_8888;
// 普通解码叠加旋转、缩放、裁剪
PixelMap pixelMap = imageSource.createPixelmap(decodingOptions);
// 普通解码
getUITaskDispatcher().syncDispatch(()   -> {
Image image = new   Image(HttpImageSlice.this);
DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig   config = new DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig(DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT,   DirectionalLayout.LayoutConfig.MATCH_CONTENT);
config.setMargins(10, 10,   10, 10);
image.setLayoutConfig(config);
image.setPixelMap(pixelMap);
myLayout.addComponent(image);
pixelMap.release();
});
}

}   catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

4.3 实际效果

5 ListContainer列表组件的使用

5.1 问题描述

ListContainer列表组件如何使用?

5.2 实现方法

在xml文件中声明组件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:orientation="vertical">

<ListContainer
ohos:id="$+id:list_container"
ohos:orientation="vertical"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

获取 ListContainer 组件,并设置itemProvider

private void initView() {
mListContainer = (ListContainer) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_list_container);
ListItemProvider listItemProvider = new ListItemProvider();
mListContainer.setItemProvider(listItemProvider);
}

自定义 ListItemProvider 继承 RecycleItemProvider

class ListItemProvider extends RecycleItemProvider {
@Override
public int getCount() {
return data.size();
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int i) {
return 0;
}
@Override
public Component getComponent(int position, Component convertView, ComponentContainer componentContainer) {
Component component = LayoutScatter.getInstance(getContext())
.parse(ResourceTable.Layout_layout_container_item, null, false);
if (!(component instanceof ComponentContainer)) {
return null;
}
ComponentContainer rootLayout = (ComponentContainer) component;
Text rightText = (Text) rootLayout.findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_content);
rightText.setText(data.get(position));
return component;
}
}

5.3 实际效果

6 读取资源文件

6.1 问题描述

如何读取应用的资源文件?

6.2 实现方法

  1. 对于图片文件,建议放到base/media目录下,Image组件可以直接设置,方法如下。
Image image = (Image) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_component_image);
image.setPixelMap(ResourceTable.Media_huawei);
  1. 对于rawfile文件的读写,请参考下面的方法:
ohos.global.resource.ResourceManager resourceManager = getApplicationContext().getResourceManager();
ohos.global.resource.RawFileEntry rawFileEntry = resourceManager.getRawFileEntry("resources/rawfile/test.png");
RawFileDescriptor rawFileDescriptor = rawFileEntry.openRawFileDescriptor();
// 或者
Resource resource = rawFileEntry.openRawFile();

6.3 实际效果

7 JS方法获取位置信息

7.1 问题描述

使用JS开发时,如何获取位置信息?

7.2 实现方法

  1. 导入获取位置模块,并调用getLocation方法获取位置信息
import geolocation from '@system.geolocation';
export default {
data: {
longitude: 0.0,
latitude: 0.0
},
onInit() {
this.getLocation();
},
getLocation() {
var temp = this;
geolocation.getLocation({
success: function(data) {
console.info("get location success, longitude: " + data.longitude +", latitude: " + data.latitude);
temp.longitude = data.longitude
temp.latitude = data.latitude;
},
fail: function(data, code) {
console.error("get location failed, code: " + code + ",  data: " + data);
},
complete: function() {
console.info("get location complete");
}
});
}
}
  1. 在config.json中增加获取位置信息的权限
"reqPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.LOCATION"
}
],

7.3 实际效果

8 禁用手表中系统的左右滑动

8.1 问题描述

开发一个应用支持左右滑动的操作,但是在模拟器中右滑时,默认跳转到系统页面,并退出应用,如何禁用系统右滑?

8.2 实现方法

覆盖MainAbility中的onTouchEvent方法,实现如下

@Override
protected boolean onTouchEvent(TouchEvent event) {
super.onTouchEvent(event);
return true;
}

8.3 实际效果

9 Text控件中文字换行

9.1 问题描述

Text控件中文字目前不支持\n换行,如何进行换行?

9.2 实现方法

可以使用系统自动换行,保持两行文字长度一致,实现如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:orientation="vertical">
<Text
ohos:id="$+id:text"
ohos:width="150vp"
ohos:height="match_content"
ohos:multiple_lines="true"
ohos:max_text_lines="2"
ohos:auto_font_size="true"
ohos:text="目前车辆尊享服务已过期, 车主续费后才可继续使用"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

9.3 实际效果

10 在一个布局xml中引入其他xml布局文件

10.1 问题描述

定义了一个公共的XML布局文件,如何在其他XML布局文件中引用这个公共的XML布局文件?

10.2 实现方法

可以通过include标签引用其他的XML布局文件,示例如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<include ohos:id="$+id:include_layout"
ohos:layout="$layout:include_layout"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_content"/>
</DirectionalLayout>

10.3 实际效果

NA

11 自定义Swtich控件的颜色

11.1 问题描述

如何自定义Swtich控件的开关两个状态下的按钮颜色?

11.2 实现方法

在资源文件graphic文件下创建bg_element.xml和fg_element.xml,bg_element.xml文件内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<shape
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="rectangle">

<corners
ohos:radius="30"/>
<solid
ohos:color="#424242"/>
</shape>

fg_element.xml文件内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<shape
xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:shape="oval">
<solid
ohos:color="#D81B60"/>
</shape>

代码实现自定义颜色:

private void setupSwitch() {

mSwitch = (Switch) findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_switch_custom);

Element elementBackground = ElementScatter.getInstance(this).parse(ResourceTable.Graphic_bg_element);

mSwitch.setTrackElement(elementBackground);

Element elementThumb = ElementScatter.getInstance(this).parse(ResourceTable.Graphic_fg_element);

mSwitch.setThumbElement(elementThumb);

mSwitch.setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(Component component) {

Log.i("switch: " + mSwitch.isChecked());

}

});

}

11.3 实际效果

12 视频播放

12.1 问题描述

如何播放本地视频文件和网络视频?

12.2 实现方法

创建布局文件video_player_layout.xml,内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<DependentLayout xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
ohos:id="$+id:video_player_dl"
ohos:width="match_parent"
ohos:height="match_parent"
ohos:orientation="vertical">
</DependentLayout>

定义下面的变量,内容如下:

private static Player mPlayer;
private SurfaceProvider mSurfaceProvider;
private DependentLayout mLayout;

实现SurfaceOps.Callback接口,代码如下:

class VideoSurfaceCallback implements SurfaceOps.Callback {
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceOps surfaceOps) {
Log.i("surfaceCreated() called.");
if (mSurfaceProvider.getSurfaceOps().isPresent()) {
Surface surface = mSurfaceProvider.getSurfaceOps().get().getSurface();
playUrl(surface);
}
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceOps surfaceOps, int i, int i1, int i2) {
Log.i("surfaceChanged() called.");
}
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceOps surfaceOps) {
Log.i("surfaceDestroyed() called.");
}
}

实现Player.IplayerCallback接口,代码如下:

private class VideoPlayerCallback implements Player.IPlayerCallback {
@Override
public void onPrepared() {
Log.i("onPrepared");
}
@Override
public void onMessage(int i, int i1) {
Log.i("onMessage");
}
@Override
public void onError(int i, int i1) {
Log.i("onError: i=" + i + ", i1=" + i1);
}
@Override
public void onResolutionChanged(int i, int i1) {
Log.i("onResolutionChanged");
}
@Override
public void onPlayBackComplete() {
Log.i("onPlayBackComplete");
if (mPlayer != null) {
mPlayer.stop();
mPlayer = null;
}
}
@Override
public void onRewindToComplete() {
Log.i("onRewindToComplete");
}
@Override
public void onBufferingChange(int i) {
Log.i("onBufferingChange");
}
@Override
public void onNewTimedMetaData(Player.MediaTimedMetaData mediaTimedMetaData) {
Log.i("onNewTimedMetaData");
}
@Override
public void onMediaTimeIncontinuity(Player.MediaTimeInfo mediaTimeInfo) {
Log.i("onMediaTimeIncontinuity");
}
}

实现播放本地文件的方法,其中test.mp4文件放到资源文件目录下,内容如下:

private void playLocalFile(Surface surface) {
try {
RawFileDescriptor filDescriptor = getResourceManager().getRawFileEntry("resources/rawfile/test.mp4").openRawFileDescriptor();
Source source = new Source(filDescriptor.getFileDescriptor(),filDescriptor.getStartPosition(),filDescriptor.getFileSize());
mPlayer.setSource(source);
mPlayer.setVideoSurface(surface);
mPlayer.setPlayerCallback(new VideoPlayerCallback());
mPlayer.prepare();
mSurfaceProvider.setTop(0);
mPlayer.play();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("playUrl Exception:" + e.getMessage());
}
}

实现播放网络URL的方法,其中video url为视频资源URL,内容如下:

private void playUrl(Surface surface) {

try {
Source source = new Source("video url");
mPlayer.setSource(source);
mPlayer.setVideoSurface(surface);
mPlayer.setPlayerCallback(new VideoPlayerCallback());
mPlayer.prepare();
mSurfaceProvider.setTop(0);
mPlayer.play();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("playUrl Exception:" + e.getMessage());
}
}

播放网络视频,需要申请网络使用权限,在config.json中增加如下内容:

"reqPermissions": [
{
"name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"
},
]

12.3 实际效果

原文链接:https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/forum/topic/0204410755673870341?fid=0101303901040230869

原作者:eva3w

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