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Android MediaScanner MediaProvider流程

2020-08-05 21:35 1501 查看

Android MediaScanner MediaProvider流程

  • 配置修改
  • 存在的问题
  • 性能优化
  • 源码解析

    链接: github链接,欢迎交流.

    时序图

    时序图是根据我自己修剪过的框架画的,有些地方跟源码不一样,但是大体是差不多的。
    链接:
    MediaScanner时序图.

    MediaSacannerReeiver.java

    接收android.intent.action.MEDIA_MOUNTED广播启动MediaScannerService

    // An highlighted block
    private void scan(Context context, String volume) {
    Bundle args = new Bundle();
    args.putString("volume", volume);
    context.startService(
    new Intent(context, MediaScannerService.class).putExtras(args));
    }

    MediaScannerService.java

    第一次被启动走onCreate,将自己的线程启动

    // A code block
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
    PowerManager pm = (PowerManager)getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
    mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK, TAG);
    StorageManager storageManager = (StorageManager)getSystemService(Context.STORAGE_SERVICE);
    mExternalStoragePaths = storageManager.getVolumePaths();
    
    // Start up the thread running the service.  Note that we create a
    // separate thread because the service normally runs in the process's
    // main thread, which we don't want to block.
    Thread thr = new Thread(null, this, "MediaScannerService");
    thr.start();
    }

    第二次启动走onStartCommand,从广播里面获取信息发送给mServiceHandler

    // An highlighted block
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
    while (mServiceHandler == null) {
    synchronized (this) {
    try {
    wait(100);
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
    }
    }
    }
    
    if (intent == null) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Intent is null in onStartCommand: ",
    new NullPointerException());
    return Service.START_NOT_STICKY;
    }
    
    Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
    msg.arg1 = startId;
    msg.obj = intent.getExtras();
    mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    
    // Try again later if we are killed before we can finish scanning.
    return Service.START_REDELIVER_INTENT;
    }

    mServiceHandler 解析路径和volume信息然后开始扫描:

    // An highlighted block
    private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
    @Override
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    ...
    scan(directories, volume);
    ...
    }
    };

    scan(String[] directories, String volumeName)方法中先 openDatabase(volumeName);发消息给MedaiProvider,让数据库先准备好,然后MediaScanner scanner = new MediaScanner(this, volumeName),scanner.scanDirectories(directories);MediaScanner.java开始扫描。

    MediaProvider.java

    MediaScanner.java

    具体流程可以在上面提供的时序图查看,这里主要讲解几个重要的方法:
    1、prescan
    prescan主要是做老数据删除,先从数据库将数据读取出来,然后判断文件存不存在,不存在就删除。

    // An highlighted block
    private void prescan(String filePath, boolean prescanFiles) throws RemoteException {
    Cursor c = null;
    String where = null;
    String[] selectionArgs = null;
    
    mPlayLists.clear();//清除列表,这个列表后面用来保存每个媒体问的信息:id,修改时间等
    
    if (filePath != null) {//获取单个数据
    // query for only one file
    where = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID + ">?" +
    " AND " + Files.FileColumns.DATA + "=?";
    selectionArgs = new String[] { "", filePath };
    } else {//从数据库files表获取所有数据
    where = MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID + ">?";
    selectionArgs = new String[] { "" };
    }
    
    mDefaultRingtoneSet = wasRingtoneAlreadySet(Settings.System.RINGTONE);
    mDefaultNotificationSet = wasRingtoneAlreadySet(Settings.System.NOTIFICATION_SOUND);
    mDefaultAlarmSet = wasRingtoneAlreadySet(Settings.System.ALARM_ALERT);
    
    // Tell the provider to not delete the file.
    // If the file is truly gone the delete is unnecessary, and we want to avoid
    // accidentally deleting files that are really there (this may happen if the
    // filesystem is mounted and unmounted while the scanner is running).
    Uri.Builder builder = mFilesUri.buildUpon();
    builder.appendQueryParameter(MediaStore.PARAM_DELETE_DATA, "false");
    MediaBulkDeleter deleter = new MediaBulkDeleter(mMediaProvider, builder.build());
    
    // Build the list of files from the content provider
    try {
    if (prescanFiles) {
    // First read existing files from the files table.
    // Because we'll be deleting entries for missing files as we go,
    // we need to query the database in small batches, to avoid problems
    // with CursorWindow positioning.
    long lastId = Long.MIN_VALUE;
    //每次操作限制读取1000个数据
    Uri limitUri = mFilesUri.buildUpon().appendQueryParameter("limit", "1000").build();
    
    while (true) {
    selectionArgs[0] = "" + lastId;
    if (c != null) {
    c.close();
    c = null;
    }
    c = mMediaProvider.query(limitUri, FILES_PRESCAN_PROJECTION,
    where, selectionArgs, MediaStore.Files.FileColumns._ID, null);
    if (c == null) {
    break;
    }
    
    int num = c.getCount();
    //获取到的数据个数判断是否为0,空的话就不用处理了
    if (num == 0) {
    break;
    }
    //对1000个数据进行处理
    while (c.moveToNext()) {
    long rowId = c.getLong(FILES_PRESCAN_ID_COLUMN_INDEX);
    String path = c.getString(FILES_PRESCAN_PATH_COLUMN_INDEX);
    int format = c.getInt(FILES_PRESCAN_FORMAT_COLUMN_INDEX);
    //数据库里获取文件最后修改时间
    long lastModified = c.getLong(FILES_PRESCAN_DATE_MODIFIED_COLUMN_INDEX);
    lastId = rowId;
    // Only consider entries with absolute path names.
    // This allows storing URIs in the database without the
    // media scanner removing them.
    if (path != null && path.startsWith("/")) {
    boolean exists = false;
    try {
    //查询文件在系统里是否存在
    exists = Os.access(path, android.system.OsConstants.F_OK);
    } catch (ErrnoException e1) {
    }
    if (!exists && !MtpConstants.isAbstractObject(format)) {
    // do not delete missing playlists, since they may have been
    // modified by the user.
    // The user can delete them in the media player instead.
    // instead, clear the path and lastModified fields in the row
    MediaFile.MediaFileType mediaFileType = MediaFile.getFileType(path);
    int fileType = (mediaFileType == null ? 0 : mediaFileType.fileType);
    
    //添加要删除的id
    deleter.delete(rowId);
    //如果.nomedia文件被删除了,那么就需要重新扫描这个文件夹,因为之前没有扫描。
    if (path.toLowerCase(Locale.US).endsWith("/.nomedia")) {
    //开始删除老数据
    deleter.flush();
    String parent = new File(path).getParent();
    mMediaProvider.call(MediaStore.UNHIDE_CALL, parent, null);
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    }
    finally {
    if (c != null) {
    c.close();
    }
    //开始删除老数据
    deleter.flush();
    }
    
    // compute original size of images
    mOriginalCount = 0;
    c = mMediaProvider.query(mImagesUri, ID_PROJECTION, null, null, null, null);
    if (c != null) {
    mOriginalCount = c.getCount();
    c.close();
    }
    }

    2、beginFile
    3、endFile
    每个文件处理都会调用一次endfile,主要是来判别文件的类型,插入到对应的表,不过并不是每次都插入,MediaIsert.java文件会对插入的数据计数,超过250条数据就一起插入数据库,调用bulkInsert。

    // An highlighted block
    private Uri endFile(FileEntry entry, boolean ringtones, boolean notifications,
    boolean alarms, boolean music, boolean podcasts)
    throws RemoteException {
    // update database
    
    // use album artist if artist is missing
    if (mArtist == null || mArtist.length() == 0) {
    mArtist = mAlbumArtist;
    }
    //toValues保存专辑、艺术家、标题等信息,这些信息是从navie函数handleStringTag获取的,
    //这个函数是通过JNI:android_media_MediaScanner.cpp调用到MediaScannerClient的
    //成员函数,这个函数被MediaScannerClient::addStringTag包装,其实最终还是被
    //StagefrightMediaScanner.cpp调用,StagefrightMediaScanner中主要是从歌曲或者视频
    //文件读取专辑信息,然后通过addStringTag传递给Java侧MediaScanner.java
    ContentValues values = toValues();
    String title = values.getAsString(MediaStore.MediaColumns.TITLE);
    if (title == null || TextUtils.isEmpty(title.trim())) {
    title = MediaFile.getFileTitle(values.getAsString(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA));
    values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.TITLE, title);
    }
    String album = values.getAsString(Audio.Media.ALBUM);
    if (MediaStore.UNKNOWN_STRING.equals(album)) {
    album = values.getAsString(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA);
    // extract last path segment before file name
    int lastSlash = album.lastIndexOf('/');
    if (lastSlash >= 0) {
    int previousSlash = 0;
    while (true) {
    int idx = album.indexOf('/', previousSlash + 1);
    if (idx < 0 || idx >= lastSlash) {
    break;
    }
    previousSlash = idx;
    }
    if (previousSlash != 0) {
    album = album.substring(previousSlash + 1, lastSlash);
    values.put(Audio.Media.ALBUM, album);
    }
    }
    }
    //entry是在beginFile中就创建好,主要保存从数据库获取的该文件的信息,如果是新数据,
    //rowId就是0
    long rowId = entry.mRowId;
    if (MediaFile.isAudioFileType(mFileType) && (rowId == 0 || mMtpObjectHandle != 0)) {
    // Only set these for new entries. For existing entries, they
    // may have been modified later, and we want to keep the current
    // values so that custom ringtones still show up in the ringtone
    // picker.
    values.put(Audio.Media.IS_RINGTONE, ringtones);
    values.put(Audio.Media.IS_NOTIFICATION, notifications);
    values.put(Audio.Media.IS_ALARM, alarms);
    values.put(Audio.Media.IS_MUSIC, music);
    values.put(Audio.Media.IS_PODCAST, podcasts);
    } else if ((mFileType == MediaFile.FILE_TYPE_JPEG
    || MediaFile.isRawImageFileType(mFileType)) && !mNoMedia) {
    ExifInterface exif = null;
    try {
    exif = new ExifInterface(entry.mPath);
    } catch (IOException ex) {
    // exif is null
    }
    if (exif != null) {
    float[] latlng = new float[2];
    if (exif.getLatLong(latlng)) {
    values.put(Images.Media.LATITUDE, latlng[0]);
    values.put(Images.Media.LONGITUDE, latlng[1]);
    }
    
    long time = exif.getGpsDateTime();
    if (time != -1) {
    values.put(Images.Media.DATE_TAKEN, time);
    } else {
    // If no time zone information is available, we should consider using
    // EXIF local time as taken time if the difference between file time
    // and EXIF local time is not less than 1 Day, otherwise MediaProvider
    // will use file time as taken time.
    time = exif.getDateTime();
    if (time != -1 && Math.abs(mLastModified * 1000 - time) >= 86400000) {
    values.put(Images.Media.DATE_TAKEN, time);
    }
    }
    
    int orientation = exif.getAttributeInt(
    ExifInterface.TAG_ORIENTATION, -1);
    if (orientation != -1) {
    // We only recognize a subset of orientation tag values.
    int degree;
    switch(orientation) {
    case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_90:
    degree = 90;
    break;
    case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_180:
    degree = 180;
    break;
    case ExifInterface.ORIENTATION_ROTATE_270:
    degree = 270;
    break;
    default:
    degree = 0;
    break;
    }
    values.put(Images.Media.ORIENTATION, degree);
    }
    }
    }
    
    Uri tableUri = mFilesUri;
    MediaInserter inserter = mMediaInserter;
    if (!mNoMedia) {
    //判断是什么类型的文件,同时创建对应的URI
    if (MediaFile.isVideoFileType(mFileType)) {
    tableUri = mVideoUri;
    } else if (MediaFile.isImageFileType(mFileType)) {
    tableUri = mImagesUri;
    } else if (MediaFile.isAudioFileType(mFileType)) {
    tableUri = mAudioUri;
    }
    }
    Uri result = null;
    boolean needToSetSettings = false;
    // Setting a flag in order not to use bulk insert for the file related with
    // notifications, ringtones, and alarms, because the rowId of the inserted file is
    // needed.
    if (notifications && !mDefaultNotificationSet) {
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mDefaultNotificationFilename) ||
    doesPathHaveFilename(entry.mPath, mDefaultNotificationFilename)) {
    needToSetSettings = true;
    }
    } else if (ringtones && !mDefaultRingtoneSet) {
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mDefaultRingtoneFilename) ||
    doesPathHaveFilename(entry.mPath, mDefaultRingtoneFilename)) {
    needToSetSettings = true;
    }
    } else if (alarms && !mDefaultAlarmSet) {
    if (TextUtils.isEmpty(mDefaultAlarmAlertFilename) ||
    doesPathHaveFilename(entry.mPath, mDefaultAlarmAlertFilename)) {
    needToSetSettings = true;
    }
    }
    
    if (rowId == 0) {
    if (mMtpObjectHandle != 0) {
    values.put(MediaStore.MediaColumns.MEDIA_SCANNER_NEW_OBJECT_ID, mMtpObjectHandle);
    }
    if (tableUri == mFilesUri) {
    int format = entry.mFormat;
    if (format == 0) {
    format = MediaFile.getFormatCode(entry.mPath, mMimeType);
    }
    values.put(Files.FileColumns.FORMAT, format);
    }
    // New file, insert it.
    // Directories need to be inserted before the files they contain, so they
    // get priority when bulk inserting.
    // If the rowId of the inserted file is needed, it gets inserted immediately,
    // bypassing the bulk inserter.
    if (inserter == null || needToSetSettings) {
    if (inserter != null) {
    //把数据插入数据库
    inserter.flushAll();
    }
    result = mMediaProvider.insert(tableUri, values);
    } else if (entry.mFormat == MtpConstants.FORMAT_ASSOCIATION) {
    inserter.insertwithPriority(tableUri, values);
    } else {
    inserter.insert(tableUri, values);
    }
    
    if (result != null) {
    rowId = ContentUris.parseId(result);
    entry.mRowId = rowId;
    }
    } else {
    // updated file
    result = ContentUris.withAppendedId(tableUri, rowId);
    // path should never change, and we want to avoid replacing mixed cased paths
    // with squashed lower case paths
    values.remove(MediaStore.MediaColumns.DATA);
    
    int mediaType = 0;
    if (!MediaScanner.isNoMediaPath(entry.mPath)) {
    int fileType = MediaFile.getFileTypeForMimeType(mMimeType);
    if (MediaFile.isAudioFileType(fileType)) {
    mediaType = FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO;
    } else if (MediaFile.isVideoFileType(fileType)) {
    mediaType = FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    } else if (MediaFile.isImageFileType(fileType)) {
    mediaType = FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE;
    } else if (MediaFile.isPlayListFileType(fileType)) {
    mediaType = FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE_PLAYLIST;
    }
    values.put(FileColumns.MEDIA_TYPE, mediaType);
    }
    mMediaProvider.update(result, values, null, null);
    }
    
    if(needToSetSettings) {
    if (notifications) {
    setRingtoneIfNotSet(Settings.System.NOTIFICATION_SOUND, tableUri, rowId);
    mDefaultNotificationSet = true;
    } else if (ringtones) {
    setRingtoneIfNotSet(Settings.System.RINGTONE, tableUri, rowId);
    mDefaultRingtoneSet = true;
    } else if (alarms) {
    setRingtoneIfNotSet(Settings.System.ALARM_ALERT, tableUri, rowId);
    mDefaultAlarmSet = true;
    }
    }
    
    return result;
    }

    MediaScanner.cpp

    StagefrightMediaScanner.cpp

    配置修改

    修改数据库路径

    修改数据库WAL模式

    • 设置db.enableWriteAheadLogging();可以在MediaProvider写数据的时候,UI读数据不会被阻塞。读写不会阻塞,但是只允许同时只有一用户写。设置WAL模式可以提高数据库写速度,降低磁盘IO,但是读数据就会变慢。具体原理可以参考

    链接: SQLite分析之WAL机制.

    存在的问题

    • Android MediaProvider框架对于手机扫描来说是很贴切的,但是对于汽车车载系统来说就不是很友好,因为车机可能需要用USB来存储媒体数据,新USB扫描速度很慢,手机一般不需要插USB。这节和下一节是针对车载系统的一些关于USB扫描的探讨和优化。

    问题:
    1、对于不同USB,MediaProvider会保留不同的数据库,占用多余磁盘空间;
    2、扫描时会读取音视频文件title等信息,读取文件磁盘IO会导致扫描速度变慢,原本需要5分钟,可能就变成20分钟;
    3、prescan预扫描时候可以读取数据,并且prescan后也没有明确的广播通知,如果数据被大量删除,UI会读取到已经删除的数据;
    4、扫描是顺序扫描,如果一直在扫描歌曲还没扫描到视频,那么视频要等好久才能检索到;

    性能优化

    一、扫描方案优化

    • 对于IO读写慢的问题是无法回避的,为什么要读取文件信息,因为需要添加歌曲视频的专辑标题等信息,在UI侧才能做成专辑等列表。但是从用户的角度分析,如果我U盘插入车机,要听音乐,我大体上用打开歌曲列表,或者文件夹,就可以快速找到自己想要播放的歌曲,或者是收藏列表。可能专辑风格艺术家等列表被打开的概率只有20%,但是这20%的概率却占用了扫描80%的时间,我觉得是不合理的,但是又不能不做,所以我觉得,可以先用很短的时间做成一个快表,这个快表能够提供歌曲视频列表,文件夹信息和收藏列表,之后再做专辑列表。我自己也尝试去做这个快表,如果整体扫描时间是20分钟的话,做快表的时间在5-15秒就可以完成,理论上可以达到5秒。等这个快表做成,就开始走正常的扫描流程,或者说两者一起并行运行也是可以的。

    • 这个方案的缺陷就是CPU占比在一瞬间会比较高,而且原来扫描流程会慢几秒(我感觉可以省略)。

    • 快表的做成我大部分是用c++/c语言写的,生成一个so库,Java调用so库来扫描和做成数据库,同时提供一个Provider给客户端调用。快速扫描功能包括预扫描删除没用的老数据、扫描数据时会判别是否存在、是否更改过,每个文件都保存上级文件夹的id,有一个歌曲表一个视频表和一个文件夹表。

    • 快表的做成我已经完成80%了,由于工作问题暂时停了,如果需要可以看我GitHub: 链接:
      MediaScanner快表做成.
      UI部分我做的很随意,不要吐槽,主要还是想快速实现,所以代码也很乱,之后会整理好。

    二、数据库优化

    • wal模式可以提高数据的写速度;

    • 同时也可以通过事务,来减少磁盘IO;

    • 在插入数据时会判断数据是否存在是否更新过,这个时候需要通过路径去数据库query,所以建议做个绝对路径的索引,索引就做这个就够用了;

    • 文件夹如果没有文件就不需要插入到数据库中了,所以在插入歌曲视频的时候才插入上级文件夹就可以了;

    待续。。。

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