在传输，网络和应用程序层上工作的不同协议

1)传输层协议 (1) Transport layer protocols)

Our OSI (Open system interconnection) model consists of 7 protocol layers and each layer performs a supportive communication task.

我们的OSI(开放系统互连)模型包含7个协议层，每个层执行支持性的通信任务。

The transport layer is the 4th layer in the OSI model which provides communication services between the computers connected in the network.

传输层是在第 4层OSI模型 ，其提供连接在所述网络中的计算机之间的通信服务。

The transport layer is consist of three different protocols:

传输层由三种不同的协议组成 ：

1. TCP (Transmission control protocol)

   TCP(传输控制协议)

   TCP provides full transport layer services to the application at the sending and of each transmission, TCP provides a stream of data into a smaller unit called segments. TCP is used for reliable communication (connection-oriented network).

   TCP在发送和每次传输时为应用程序提供完整的传输层服务，TCP将数据流提供到称为段的较小单元中。 TCP用于可靠的通信(面向连接的网络)。

2. UDP (User datagram protocol)

   UDP(用户数据报协议)

   UDP are transport level protocol responsible for delivery of a message from one process to another process.

   UDP是传输级协议，负责将消息从一个进程传递到另一个进程。

3. SCTP (Stream control transmission protocol)

   SCTP(流控制传输协议)

   SCTP is used to meet the needs of some new application such as the voice of the internet.

   SCTP用于满足某些新应用程序的需求，例如互联网语音。

2)网络层协议 (2) Network layer protocols)

Network or interconnecting layer which consists of ICMP sends query and error reporting message.

由ICMP组成的网络或互连层发送查询和错误报告消息。

The different protocols that work on transport layer are:

在传输层上起作用的不同协议是 ：

1. IGMP (Internet group message control protocol)

   IGMP(Internet组消息控制协议)

   The Internet group message control protocol is used to facilitate the simultaneous or synchronization transmission of a message to a group of destination.

   Internet组消息控制协议用于促进将消息同时或同步传输到一组目标。

2. ARP (Address Resolution protocol)

   ARP(地址解析协议)

   Address Resolution Protocol is responsible for the conversion of the physical address from the logical address of the node.

   地址解析协议负责物理地址从节点的逻辑地址的转换。

3. RARP (Reverse address resolution protocol)

   RARP(反向地址解析协议)

   Reverse Address Resolution Protocol is responsible for converting physical address to the logical address of the node. We can say it is just the opposite of the ARP.

   反向地址解析协议负责将物理地址转换为节点的逻辑地址。 可以说这与ARP相反。

3)应用层协议 (3) Application layer protocols)

Different protocols working on application layer are:

在应用层上工作的不同协议是 ：

1. SMTP (Simple mail Transfer Protocol)

   SMTP(简单邮件传输协议)

   Simple mail transfer protocol is the TCIP protocol defining electronic mail Services on the internet.

   简单邮件传输协议是TCIP协议，用于定义Internet上的电子邮件服务。

2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

   FTP(文件传输协议)

   File transfer protocol is used for transfer the text file from one system to another system.

   文件传输协议用于将文本文件从一个系统传输到另一个系统。

3. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

   HTTP(超文本传输​​协议)

   This is the protocol used by the World Wide Web to format, transmit the data; it defines how the data is formatted and how it is transmitted?

   这是万维网用来格式化，传输数据的协议； 它定义了数据的格式和传输方式？

4. DNS (Domain Name system)

   DNS(域名系统)

   Domain Name System is TCPIP application services that convert user-friendly.

   域名系统是将用户友好转换的TCPIP应用程序服务。

5. SNMP (Simple Network Management protocol)

   SNMP(简单网络管理协议)

   Simple network management protocol is the TCIP protocol that specifies the name to the IP address.

   简单网络管理协议是TCIP协议，它指定IP地址的名称。

6. TELNET (Terminal Network Protocol)

   TELNET(终端网络协议)

   The terminal network protocol is a general-purpose client-server program that allows remote login.

   终端网络协议是允许远程登录的通用客户端服务器程序。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/different-protocols-working-on-transport-network-and-application-layers.aspx