c# Equal函数 and 运算符'==' (原发布 csdn 2017年10月15日 20:39:26)
2020-04-02 18:50
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1、==、!=、<、>、<= 和>= 运算符为比较运算符(comparison operator)。C#语言规范5.0中文版中比较运算符的描述如下:
2、通用类型系统
3、值类型Equal函数 and 运算符'=='
3.1、常见类型 int、float、double、decimal等虽然继承自ValueType,但其结构体内部重写了Equal。
3.1.1、 int,float,double,decimal内部的Equal函数和 '=='重载符函数。
Int32 { public override bool Equals(Object obj) { if (!(obj is Int32)) { return false; } return m_value == ((Int32)obj).m_value; } [System.Runtime.Versioning.NonVersionable] public bool Equals(Int32 obj) { return m_value == obj; } } Double { // True if obj is another Double with the same value as the current instance. This is // a method of object equality, that only returns true if obj is also a double. public override bool Equals(Object obj) { if (!(obj is Double)) { return false; } double temp = ((Double)obj).m_value; // This code below is written this way for performance reasons i.e the != and == check is intentional. if (temp == m_value) { return true; } return IsNaN(temp) && IsNaN(m_value); } public bool Equals(Double obj) { if (obj == m_value) { return true; } return IsNaN(obj) && IsNaN(m_value); } [System.Runtime.Versioning.NonVersionable] public static bool operator ==(Double left, Double right) { return left == right; } } Single { public override bool Equals(Object obj) { if (!(obj is Single)) { return false; } float temp = ((Single)obj).m_value; if (temp == m_value) { return true; } return IsNaN(temp) && IsNaN(m_value); } public bool Equals(Single obj) { if (obj == m_value) { return true; } return IsNaN(obj) && IsNaN(m_value); } [System.Runtime.Versioning.NonVersionable] public static bool operator ==(Single left, Single right) { return left == right; } } Decimal { // Checks if this Decimal is equal to a given object. Returns true // if the given object is a boxed Decimal and its value is equal to the // value of this Decimal. Returns false otherwise. // [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public override bool Equals(Object value) { if (value is Decimal) { Decimal other = (Decimal)value; return FCallCompare(ref this, ref other) == 0; } return false; } [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public bool Equals(Decimal value) { return FCallCompare(ref this, ref value) == 0; } [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public static bool operator ==(Decimal d1, Decimal d2) { return FCallCompare(ref d1, ref d2) == 0; } //暂时不知道此函数内部代码,如有知道还望告知。 //根据测试结果,推测如果两个decimal数相等,返回0 [System.Security.SecurityCritical] // auto-generated [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)] [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)] [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] private static extern int FCallCompare(ref Decimal d1, ref Decimal d2); }
3.1.2、感兴趣的可去Reference Source查看全部代码。
3.1.3、测试代码:
//T is int 、float、double、decimal、byte、char T a = 1234567890;//0.1234567890f、0.123456789、1234567890M、(byte)11、'a' T b = 1234567890;//0.1234567890f、0.123456789、1234567890M、(byte)11、'a' Console.WriteLine(a == b);//返回true Console.WriteLine(a.Equals(b));//返回true Console.WriteLine(a.Equals((object)b));//返回true /* Console.WriteLine((object)a == b);//编译错误:运算符‘==’无法应用与‘object’和‘T’类型操作数 Console.WriteLine(a == (object)b);//编译错误:运算符‘==’无法应用与‘object’和‘T’类型操作数 //Console.WriteLine((object)a == (object)b);//返回false,下面解释为什么是false。这个是引用类型'==',放到下文介绍 */
3.1.4、结论:对于简单常见值类型 int、float、double、decimal等,Equal函数 and 运算符'==',如果其值相等,返回true;否则,返回false。
3.2、 结构体struct
3.2.1、 ValueType内部的Equals函数
ValueType { [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] public override bool Equals (Object obj) { BCLDebug.Perf(false, "ValueType::Equals is not fast. "+this.GetType().FullName+" should override Equals(Object)"); if (null==obj) { return false; } RuntimeType thisType = (RuntimeType)this.GetType(); RuntimeType thatType = (RuntimeType)obj.GetType(); if (thatType!=thisType) { return false; } Object thisObj = (Object)this; Object thisResult, thatResult; // if there are no GC references in this object we can avoid reflection // and do a fast memcmp if (CanCompareBits(this)) return FastEqualsCheck(thisObj, obj); FieldInfo[] thisFields = thisType.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic); for (int i=0; i<thisFields.Length; i++) { thisResult = ((RtFieldInfo)thisFields[i]).UnsafeGetValue(thisObj); thatResult = ((RtFieldInfo)thisFields[i]).UnsafeGetValue(obj); if (thisResult == null) { if (thatResult != null) return false; } else if (!thisResult.Equals(thatResult)) { return false; } } return true; } [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)] [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)] private static extern bool CanCompareBits(Object obj); [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated [ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)] [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)] private static extern bool FastEqualsCheck(Object a, Object b); }
3.2.2、结构体(只有值类型,重写Equal函数 and 运算符'==')
3.2.2.1、测试代码:
struct Point { public double x; public double y; public double z; public Point(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } public override bool Equals(Object obj) { if (!(obj is Point)) { return false; } if (((Point)obj).x == this.x) { return true; } return false; } public bool Equals(Point obj) { if (obj.x == this.x) { return true; } return false; } //运算符“Point.operator ==(Point, Point)”要求也要定义匹配的运算符“!=” public static bool operator ==(Point left, Point right) { return left.x == right.x; } public static bool operator !=(Point left, Point right) { return left.x != right.x; } } Point p1 = new Point(1, 2, 3); Point p2 = p1; p1.y = 100; Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2);//返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); // 返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); // 返回true
3.2.2.2、结论:此时程序执行我们重写的Equal函数 and 运算符'=='。
3.2.3、结构体(只有值类型,不重写Equal函数 and 运算符'==')
3.2.3.1、测试代码:
struct Point { public double x; public double y; public double z; public Point(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } } Point p1 = new Point(1, 2, 3); Point p2 = p1; Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2);//编译错误:运算符"=="无法应用于"Point"和"Point"类型的操作数 Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); // 返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); // 返回true p1.y = 100; Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); // 返回false Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); // 返回false
3.2.3.2、程序执行时,CanCompareBits(this)返回true,代码执行return FastEqualsCheck(thisObj, obj);
3.2.3.3、结论:程序判断struct里面所有字段的值,如果全部相等,返回true;否则,返回false。
3.2.4、复杂结构体(有值类型、引用类型,重写Equal函数 and 运算符'==')
3.2.4.1、测试代码:
public struct ValPoint { public double x; public double y; public double z; public ValPoint(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } public static bool operator ==(ValPoint left, ValPoint right) { return left.x == right.x; } public static bool operator !=(ValPoint left, ValPoint right) { return left.x != right.x; } } public class RefPoint { public double x; public double y; public double z; public RefPoint(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } } public struct ValLine { public ValPoint vPoint; // 值类型成员 public RefPoint rPoint; // 引用类型成员 public ValLine(ValPoint vPoint, RefPoint rPoint) { this.vPoint = vPoint; this.rPoint = rPoint; } public override bool Equals(Object obj) { if (!(obj is ValLine)) { return false; } if (((ValLine)obj).vPoint == this.vPoint) { return true; } return false; } public bool Equals(ValLine obj) { if (obj.vPoint == this.vPoint) { return true; } return false; } public static bool operator ==(ValLine left, ValLine right) { return left.vPoint == right.vPoint; } public static bool operator !=(ValLine left, ValLine right) { return left.vPoint != right.vPoint; } } ValPoint vPoint = new ValPoint(1, 2, 3); ValPoint vPoint2 = new ValPoint(1, 2, 3); ValPoint vPoint3 = new ValPoint(10, 20, 30); RefPoint rPoint = new RefPoint(4, 5, 6); RefPoint rPoint2 = new RefPoint(7, 8, 9); ValLine p1 = new ValLine(vPoint, rPoint); ValLine p2 = p1; p2.vPoint = vPoint2; Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2); //返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); //返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); //返回true p2 = p1; p2.vPoint = vPoint3; Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2); //返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); //返回false Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); //返回false p2 = p1; p2.rPoint = rPoint2; Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2); //返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); //返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); //返回true
3.2.4.2、结论:此时程序执行我们重写的Equal函数 and 运算符'=='。
3.2.5、复杂结构体(内部值类型、引用类型,不重写Equal函数 and 运算符'==')
3.2.5.1、测试代码:
public struct ValPoint { public double x; public double y; public double z; public ValPoint(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } } public class RefPoint { public double x; public double y; public double z; public RefPoint(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } } public struct ValLine { public ValPoint vPoint; // 值类型成员 public RefPoint rPoint; // 引用类型成员 public ValLine(ValPoint vPoint, RefPoint rPoint) { this.vPoint = vPoint; this.rPoint = rPoint; } } ValPoint vPoint = new ValPoint(1, 2, 3); ValPoint vPoint2 = new ValPoint(1, 2, 3); ValPoint vPoint3 = new ValPoint(10, 20, 30); RefPoint rPoint = new RefPoint(4, 5, 6); RefPoint rPoint2 = new RefPoint(7, 8, 9); ValLine p1 = new ValLine(vPoint, rPoint); ValLine p2 = p1; Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2);//编译错误:运算符"=="无法应用于"Point"和"Point"类型的操作数 p2.vPoint = vPoint2; Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); //返回true Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); //返回true p2 = p1; p2.vPoint = vPoint3; Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); //返回false Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); //返回false p2 = p1; p2.rPoint = rPoint2; Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2)); //返回false Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals((object)p2)); //返回false
3.2.5.2、程序执行时,CanCompareBits(this)返回false,代码执行ValueType类Equal函数的下面语句
FieldInfo[] thisFields = thisType.GetFields(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic); for (int i=0; i<thisFields.Length; i++) { thisResult = ((RtFieldInfo)thisFields[i]).UnsafeGetValue(thisObj); thatResult = ((RtFieldInfo)thisFields[i]).UnsafeGetValue(obj); if (thisResult == null) { if (thatResult != null) return false; } else if (!thisResult.Equals(thatResult)) { return false; } } return true;
3.2.5.3、结论:程序判断struct里面所有字段,值类型就判断值是否相等;引用类型就判断是否引用相等。
4、引用类型Equal函数 and 运算符'=='
4.1、字符串string
4.1.1、C#语言规范5.0中文版中的字符串相等运算符介绍
4.1.2、string的Equal函数和'=='重载运算符函数代码
String { // Determines whether two strings match. [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] public override bool Equals(Object obj) { if (this == null) //this is necessary to guard against reverse-pinvokes and throw new NullReferenceException(); //other callers who do not use the callvirt instruction String str = obj as String; if (str == null) return false; if (Object.ReferenceEquals(this, obj)) return true; if (this.Length != str.Length) return false; return EqualsHelper(this, str); } // Determines whether two strings match. [Pure] [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] public bool Equals(String value) { if (this == null) //this is necessary to guard against reverse-pinvokes and throw new NullReferenceException(); //other callers who do not use the callvirt instruction if (value == null) return false; if (Object.ReferenceEquals(this, value)) return true; if (this.Length != value.Length) return false; return EqualsHelper(this, value); } public static bool operator == (String a, String b) { return String.Equals(a, b); } // Determines whether two Strings match. [Pure] public static bool Equals(String a, String b) { if ((Object)a==(Object)b) { return true; } if ((Object)a==null || (Object)b==null) { return false; } if (a.Length != b.Length) return false; return EqualsHelper(a, b); } [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.MayFail)] private unsafe static bool EqualsHelper(String strA, String strB) { Contract.Requires(strA != null); Contract.Requires(strB != null); Contract.Requires(strA.Length == strB.Length); int length = strA.Length; fixed (char* ap = &strA.m_firstChar) fixed (char* bp = &strB.m_firstChar) { char* a = ap; char* b = bp; // unroll the loop #if AMD64 // for AMD64 bit platform we unroll by 12 and // check 3 qword at a time. This is less code // than the 32 bit case and is shorter // pathlength while (length >= 12) { if (*(long*)a != *(long*)b) return false; if (*(long*)(a+4) != *(long*)(b+4)) return false; if (*(long*)(a+8) != *(long*)(b+8)) return false; a += 12; b += 12; length -= 12; } #else while (length >= 10) { if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) return false; if (*(int*)(a+2) != *(int*)(b+2)) return false; if (*(int*)(a+4) != *(int*)(b+4)) return false; if (*(int*)(a+6) != *(int*)(b+6)) return false; if (*(int*)(a+8) != *(int*)(b+8)) return false; a += 10; b += 10; length -= 10; } #endif // This depends on the fact that the String objects are // always zero terminated and that the terminating zero is not included // in the length. For odd string sizes, the last compare will include // the zero terminator. while (length > 0) { if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) break; a += 2; b += 2; length -= 2; } return (length <= 0); } } }
4.1.3、Object.ReferenceEquals(this, value)如果this、value是同一个引用,返回true;否则,返回false。
{ string a = "a1!"; string b = "a1!"; Console.WriteLine(Object.ReferenceEquals(a, b));//返回true,可以判断编译器将a与b所指向的"a1!"优化成一个地方。 } { string a = "Test"; string b = string.Copy(a); Console.WriteLine(Object.ReferenceEquals(a, b));//返回false } { string a = "Test"; string b = (string)a.Clone(); Console.WriteLine(Object.ReferenceEquals(a, b));//返回true } { char[] ch = new char[] { 'a', 'A', '@' }; string a = "aA@"; string b = new string(ch); Console.WriteLine(Object.ReferenceEquals(a, b));//返回false }
4.1.4、学习EqualsHelper(String strA, String strB)函数之前,我们先看一段代码
unsafe { char[] firstCharA = "abc".ToCharArray(); int length = firstCharA.Length; fixed (char* ap = firstCharA) { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { Console.WriteLine(*(char*)(ap + i)); } } } unsafe { int[] firstCharA = new int[] { 1, 20, 300 }; int length = firstCharA.Length; fixed (int* ap = firstCharA) { for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) { Console.WriteLine(*(int*)(ap + i)); } } }
4.1.5、修改后EqualsHelper(String strA, String strB)函数
private unsafe static bool EqualsHelper(String strA, String strB) { Contract.Requires(strA != null); Contract.Requires(strB != null); Contract.Requires(strA.Length == strB.Length); int length = strA.Length; char[] firstCharA = strA.ToCharArray(); char[] firstCharB = strB.ToCharArray(); fixed (char* ap = &firstCharA[0]) fixed (char* bp = &firstCharB[0])//因无法使用m_firstChar,此处是我自行修改。ps:个人认为m_firstChar是指字符串的第一字符,但是无法证明。 //fixed (char* ap = &strA.m_firstChar) fixed (char* bp = &strB.m_firstChar) { char* a = ap; char* b = bp; while (length >= 10) { if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) return false; if (*(int*)(a + 2) != *(int*)(b + 2)) return false; if (*(int*)(a + 4) != *(int*)(b + 4)) return false; if (*(int*)(a + 6) != *(int*)(b + 6)) return false; if (*(int*)(a + 8) != *(int*)(b + 8)) return false; a += 10; b += 10; length -= 10; } // This depends on the fact that the String objects are // always zero terminated and that the terminating zero is not included // in the length. For odd string sizes, the last compare will include // the zero terminator. while (length > 0) { if (*(int*)a != *(int*)b) break; a += 2; b += 2; length -= 2; } return (length <= 0); } }
4.1.6、修改说明
1、fixed (char* ap = &strA.m_firstChar) fixed (char* bp = &strB.m_firstChar)-> fixed (char* ap = &firstCharA[0]) fixed (char* bp = &firstCharB[0]) 2、(*(int*)a->获取的数据是两个char值(低位ASCII*65536+高位ASCII)[低位在前,高位在后]。 [char两个字节,范围U+0000到U+FFFF] 3、(*(char*)a->获取的数据是一个char值[见上面测试例子]
4.1.7、测试EqualsHelper(String strA, String strB)函数
{ string a = "abcd"; string b = "abcd"; Console.WriteLine(EqualsHelper(a,b));//返回true } { string a = "Test"; string b = string.Copy(a); Console.WriteLine(EqualsHelper(a, b));//返回true } { string a = "Test"; string b = (string)a.Clone(); Console.WriteLine(EqualsHelper(a, b));//返回true } { char[] ch = new char[] { 'a', 'A', '@' }; string a = "aA@"; string b = new string(ch); Console.WriteLine(EqualsHelper(a, b));//返回true }
4.1.8、结论:string类型 a == b、string.Equals(a, b)、a.Equals(b)、a.Equals((object)b),如果 a 的值与 b 的值相同,则为 true;否则为 false。
4.2、类class
4.2.1、C#语言规范5.0中文版中的引用类型相等运算符介绍
4.2.2、Object内部的Equals函数
Object { public virtual bool Equals(Object obj) { return RuntimeHelpers.Equals(this, obj);//无法查到详细代码 } public static bool Equals(Object objA, Object objB) { if (objA==objB) { return true; } if (objA==null || objB==null) { return false; } return objA.Equals(objB); } [ReliabilityContract(Consistency.WillNotCorruptState, Cer.Success)] [System.Runtime.Versioning.NonVersionable] public static bool ReferenceEquals (Object objA, Object objB) { return objA == objB; } }
4.2.3、类(不重写Equal函数 and 运算符'==')
public class RefPoint { public double x; public double y; public double z; public RefPoint(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } } RefPoint p1 = new RefPoint(4, 5, 6); RefPoint p2 = p1; Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(object.Equals(p1, p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(p1, p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2);//返回true p2 = new RefPoint(4, 5, 6);//虽然值一样,但是引用对象不一样 Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2));//返回false Console.WriteLine(object.Equals(p1, p2));//返回false Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(p1, p2));//返回false Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2);//返回false
4.2.4、类(重写Equal函数 and 运算符'==')
public class RefPoint { public double x; public double y; public double z; public RefPoint(double X, double Y, double Z) { this.x = X; this.y = Y; this.z = Z; } public override bool Equals(Object obj) { if (!(obj is RefPoint)) { return false; } if (((RefPoint)obj).x == this.x) { return true; } return false; } public bool Equals(RefPoint obj) { if (obj.x == this.x) { return true; } return false; } public static bool operator ==(RefPoint left, RefPoint right) { return left.x == right.x; } public static bool operator !=(RefPoint left, RefPoint right) { return left.x != right.x; } } RefPoint p1 = new RefPoint(4, 5, 6); RefPoint p2 = p1; Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(object.Equals(p1, p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(p1, p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2);//返回true p2 = new RefPoint(4, 50, 60); Console.WriteLine(p1.Equals(p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(object.Equals(p1, p2));//返回true Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(p1, p2));//返回false Console.WriteLine(p1 == p2);//返回true
4.2.5、ReferenceEquals (Object objA, Object objB)返回objA == objB。如果objA、 objB引用同一个对象(只判断是否引用同一个对象,即使我们自行重载了'=='运算符,也没用),返回true;否则,返回false。
5、总结
先介绍简单值类型,再到结构体,字符串,类。把每个类型Equal和'=='用法做个总结,加深自己记忆的同时,也希望能帮助到你。另:本文只代表本人观点,如果有误,还望告知。
6、参考
6.1、C#类型基础
6.2、 C#语言规范5.0中文版
6.3、Reference Source
转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/njit-77/p/11468934.html
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