Linux平台安装配置MySQL数据库

Linux系统版本：CentOS7.4
MySQL版本：5.7.28
在Linux平台有RPM包、二进制包、源码包3中安装方式，这一篇文件主要是以RPM包为例来介绍如何在Linux平台下进行MySQL的安装。
下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

安装RPM包的具体操作步骤如下：
（1）首先卸载mariadb，不然后面会和安装mysql需要的库冲突：

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64

（2）切换到root下（只有root才可以执行RPM包）：

[sunan@localhost ~]$ su - root
Password:
Last login: Mon Oct 28 20:12:16 CST 2019 from 192.168.1.19 on pts/0

（3）解压缩安装包：

[root@localhost opt]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

（4）安装解压缩的包，这些包不需要全部安装，但要注意安装顺序，有相互依赖：

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7################################# [100%]

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5:
5b4
NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.e################################# [100%]

[root@localhost opt]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-devel-5.7.28-1.el################################# [100%]

（5）安装完成，数据库初始化：

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

（6）初始化完成，生成一个临时的数据库root密码：

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-10-28T13:59:16.673149Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2019-10-28T13:59:17.569975Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files creat
5574
ed, LSN=45790
2019-10-28T13:59:17.639527Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2019-10-28T13:59:17.701489Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 21f571cf-f98b-11e9-add4-000c29eb2c51.
2019-10-28T13:59:17.705734Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-10-28T13:59:18.493027Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2019-10-28T13:59:18.708430Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )DrGVQo+s6-s

（7）启动MySQL：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2019-10-28 22:05:55 CST; 24s ago
Docs: man:mysqld(8)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
Process: 1599 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 1582 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 1603 (mysqld)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
└─1603 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

Oct 28 22:05:55 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
Oct 28 22:05:55 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

（8）登录MySQL数据库，并设置新的密码：

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.28

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('输入新的密码');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)