Linux环境基于CentOS7 搭建部署Docker容器
2019-09-20 01:01
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1.Docker容器概述
- 区分Docker容器技术和VM虚拟机技术：
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Docker容器技术 [Container]：容器虚拟化技术
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VM虚拟机技术[Virtual Machine]：传统虚拟化技术
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主要区别是: [1] 容器提供了基于进程的隔离，而虚拟机提供了资源的完全隔离。 - [2] 虚拟机可能需要一分钟来启动，而容器只需要一秒钟或更短。
- [3] 容器使用宿主操作系统的内核，而虚拟机使用独立的内核
1.2.0 容器
Docker CE（社区版）：免费开源版本-Docker Engine
Docker EE（企业版）：商用收费版本-Docker Data Center
公有云环境：基于阿里云以及腾讯云主机等安装Docker
私有云环境：基于自主主机环境安装Docker
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Docker 平台基本上由三部分组成：
2.Docker容器部署与安装
Docker容器部署
查看 Centos7 开发环境：cat /etc/centos-release
[root@centos-amber ~]# cat /etc/centos-release CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core) [root@centos-amber ~]#
查看 Centos7 内核版本：uname -a 或者 cat /proc/version
[root@centos-amber ~]# uname -a Linux centos-amber 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Jul 29 17:46:05 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux [root@centos-amber ~]#
在增加Docker阿里云yum源之前需要执行基础组件安装以及卸载历史版本：
基础组件安装：yum -y install gcc & yum -y install gcc-c++
#gcc 环境安装 yum -y install gcc yum -y install gcc-c++
卸载历史版本：yum -y remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine
[root@centos-amber ~]# yum -y remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine Loaded plugins: fastestmirror No Match for argument: docker No Match for argument: docker-common No Match for argument: docker-selinux No Match for argument: docker-engine No Packages marked for removal [root@centos-amber ~]#
或者 删除已安装的Docker
# Uninstall installed docker [root@centos-amber ~]# sudo yum remove docker \ > docker-client \ > docker-client-latest \ > docker-common \ > docker-latest \ > docker-latest-logrotate \ > docker-logrotate \ > docker-selinux \ > docker-engine-selinux \ > docker-engine Loaded plugins: fastestmirror No Match for argument: docker No Match for argument: docker-client No Match for argument: docker-client-latest No Match for argument: docker-common No Match for argument: docker-latest No Match for argument: docker-latest-logrotate No Match for argument: docker-logrotate No Match for argument: docker-selinux No Match for argument: docker-engine-selinux No Match for argument: docker-engine No Packages marked for removal [root@centos-amber ~]#
Ps： Docker部署要求64位的系统且内核版本至少为3.10
2.0.2 部署Docker添加yum源：yum install epel-release –y && yum list
[root@centos-amber ~]# yum install epel-release –y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Package epel-release-7-11.noarch already installed and latest version Nothing to do [root@centos-amber ~]# [root@centos-amber ~]# yum clean all Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors [root@centos-amber ~]# yum list
2.1 Docker容器安装
配置阿里云Docker Yum源
- [1] Set up repository :
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 ............. [root@centos-amber docker]#
- [2] Use Aliyun Docker
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo Loaded plugins: fastestmirror adding repo from: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo grabbing file http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo [root@centos-amber docker]#
更新Yum缓存：sudo yum -y makecache fast
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo yum makecache fast Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/updateinfo | 55 B 00:00:00 (2/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db | 32 kB 00:00:00 Metadata Cache Created [root@centos-amber ~]# sudo yum -y makecache fast Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 epel | 5.3 kB 00:00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00 Metadata Cache Created [root@centos-amber ~]#
查看对应版本：yum list docker-ce --showduplicates
[root@centos-amber docker]# yum list docker-ce --showduplicates Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00 (1/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/updateinfo | 55 B 00:00:00 (2/2): docker-ce-stable/x86_64/primary_db | 32 kB 00:00:00 Available Packages docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.3.ce-1.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.06.2.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.09.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 17.12.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.0.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.1.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.2-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.3-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.4-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.5-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.6-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.7-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.8-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.0-3.el7 docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 docker-ce-stable [root@centos-amber docker]#
2.1.3 安装Docker最新版本： sudo yum install docker-ce
docker-ce-cli 或者 yum install docker-io –y
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo yum install docker-ce .............. Installed: docker-ce.x86_64 3:19.03.1-3.el7 Dependency Installed: audit-libs-python.x86_64 0:2.8.4-4.el7 checkpolicy.x86_64 0:2.5-8.el7 container-selinux.noarch 2:2.107-1.el7_6 containerd.io.x86_64 0:1.2.6-3.3.el7 docker-ce-cli.x86_64 1:19.03.1-3.el7 libcgroup.x86_64 0:0.41-20.el7 libsemanage-python.x86_64 0:2.5-14.el7 policycoreutils-python.x86_64 0:2.5-29.el7_6.1 python-IPy.noarch 0:0.75-6.el7 setools-libs.x86_64 0:3.3.8-4.el7 Complete! [root@centos-amber docker]#
2.1.4 启动Docker服务:
# Start docker service systemctl enable docker systemctl start docker
执行：systemctl enable docker 允许开机启动
[root@centos-amber docker]# systemctl enable docker Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service. [root@centos-amber docker]#
执行：systemctl start docker 启动Docker服务
[root@centos-amber docker]# systemctl start docker [root@centos-amber docker]#
基本命令：
systemctl enable docker # 允许开机启动
systemctl start docker #运行Docker守护进程
systemctl stop docker #停止Docker守护进程
systemctl restart docker #重启Docker守护进程
systemctl status docker #查看Docker的运行状态
2.1.5 检验安装Docker服务信息:
执行：docker info 查看Docker服务信息
[root@centos-amber docker]# docker info Client: Debug Mode: false Server: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 19.03.1 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: extfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: true Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f init version: fec3683 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 1 Total Memory: 1.795GiB Name: centos-amber ID: TS7V:P2HE:MICX:JPN7:H5JU:PQX5:JWB3:4YSO:DM7X:RVBV:URME:64DZ Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Live Restore Enabled: false [root@centos-amber docker]#
执行：docker version 查看版本号
[root@centos-amber docker]# docker version Client: Docker Engine - Community Version: 19.03.1 API version: 1.40 Go version: go1.12.5 Git commit: 74b1e89 Built: Thu Jul 25 21:21:07 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Server: Docker Engine - Community Engine: Version: 19.03.1 API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.12.5 Git commit: 74b1e89 Built: Thu Jul 25 21:19:36 2019 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false containerd: Version: 1.2.6 GitCommit: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb runc: Version: 1.0.0-rc8 GitCommit: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f docker-init: Version: 0.18.0 GitCommit: fec3683 [root@centos-amber docker]#
3. Docker配置阿里云镜像加速器
Docker 密码：Docker20190822
阿里云官网配置：
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' { "registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"] } EOF sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker
编辑配置文件：vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
[root@centos-amber docker]#vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo systemctl daemon-reload
[root@centos-amber docker]# sudo systemctl restart docker
[root@centos-amber docker]#
[root@centos-amber docker]# docker info
Client:
Debug Mode: false
Server:
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 19.03.1
Storage Driver: overlay2
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb
runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-957.27.2.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.795GiB
Name: centos-amber
ID: TS7V:P2HE:MICX:JPN7:H5JU:PQX5:JWB3:4YSO:DM7X:RVBV:URME:64DZ
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors:
https://j98vrcq8.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
[root@centos-amber docker]#
4.Docker容器基本组件部署与安装
Compose组件部署与安装
基本概述：
Docker Compose是一个用来定义和运行复杂应用的Docker工具。
一个使用Docker容器的应用，通常由多个容器组成。
使用Docker Compose不再需要使用shell脚本来启动容器。
Compose 通过一个配置文件来管理多个Docker容器，在配置文件中，所有的容器通过services来定义。然后使用docker-compose脚本来启动，停止和重启应用，和应用中的服务以及所有依赖服务的容器，非常适合组合使用多个容器进行开发的场景
安装docker-compose的方式：
- [1] 从github上下载docker-compose二进制文件安装
下载最新版的docker-compose文件 :
sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.0-rc2/docker-compose-
uname -s-
uname -m-o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.25.0-rc2/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 617 0 617 0 0 640 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 640 3 16.1M 3 645k 0 0 1669 0 2:48:53 0:06:35 2:42:18 0 curl: (56) TCP connection reset by peer [root@centos-amber ~]#
添加可执行权限: sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@centos-amber ~]#
卸载docker-compose执行：sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@centos-amber ~]# sudo rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@centos-amber ~]#
- [2] 使用pip install命令安装：
安装方式：sudo pip install docker-compose
sudo pip install docker-compose
卸载方式：pip uninstall docker-compose
pip uninstall docker-compose
2种方式检验安装结果：docker-compose --version
[root@centos-amber ~]# docker-compose --version /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests/__init__.py:80: RequestsDependencyWarning: urllib3 (1.22) or chardet (2.2.1) doesn't match a supported version! RequestsDependencyWarning) docker-compose version 1.24.1, build 4667896 [root@centos-amber ~]#
Machine组件部署与安装
基本概述：
Docker Machine是一个工具，可让您在虚拟主机上安装Docker Engine，并使用docker-machine命令管理主机。
安装docker-compose的方式：
curl -L https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.1/docker-machine-`uname -s`-`uname -m` >/tmp/docker-machine && chmod +x /tmp/docker-machine && sudo cp /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
Docker 与宿主机建立网络通信：
ps1 :docker 端口映射错误
docker: Error response from daemon: driver failed programming external connectivity on endpoint mysql-master (1aac2f09e8d851518f8551308ccbe1e036454d5103bd99fba3f7b3870e3b21b4): (iptables failed: iptables --wait -t nat -A DOCKER -p tcp -d 0/0 --dport 3307 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.4:3306 ! -i docker0: iptables: No chain/target/match by that name. (exit status 1)).
解决办法：
- [1] 执行：pkill docker
- [2] iptables -t nat -F
- [3] ifconfig docker0 down
- [4] brctl delbr docker0
pkill docker && iptables -t nat -F && ifconfig docker0 down && brctl delbr docker0
ps2: linux brctl command not found
[root@centos-meteor ~]# brctl delbr docker0 -bash: brctl: command not found
宿主机安装： yum install bridge-utils
4.Docker容器部署与安装总结
docker 配置基于阿里云的Yum源：
- [1] 安装必要的系统工具 ：sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
- [2] 添加软件源信息:sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- [3] 更新并安装 Docker-CE: sudo yum makecache fast sudo yum -y install docker-ce
sudo yum makecache fast sudo yum -y install docker-ce
- [4] 开启Docker服务: systemctl enable docker systemctl start docker
systemctl enable docker systemctl start docker
docker 部署安装以及基本命令使用：
- [1] Docker部署要求64位的系统且内核版本至少为3.10
- [2] Docker安装目录：var/lib/docker 和 /var/lib/docker-engine
- [3] Docker配置目录：/etc/docker
Docker 部署portainer
docker run -ti -d --name portainer -p 9000:9000 --restart=always -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock portainer/portainer
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