动态路由——OSPF虚链路配置 实验篇 （五）
2019-09-19 23:41
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搭建OSPF虚链路实验
搭建虚链路拓扑图
再GNS 3中拓扑区域添加四台路由设备，两台PC机，使用连接线，连接四台路由设备与两台PC机，并再拓扑图中标注连接接口的IP地址与区域信息，如图所示：
网段划分：
192.168.10.0/24
192.168.20.0/24
192.168.30.0/24
192.168.40.0/24
192.168.50.0/24
区域划分：
area 0
area 1
area 2
Router ID划分：
R1
：1.1.1.1
R2
：2.2.2.2
R3
：3.3.3.3
R4
：4.4.4.4
搭建实验：
1、首先开启在GNS 3中开启全部设备，并进入R1路由设备中配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R1#conf t //进入全局配置模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R1(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:00:50.995: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:00:51.995: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:07:41.143: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:07:42.143: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R1(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R1(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡 R1(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:09:25.479: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址 R1(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R1(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R1(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1 R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1 //设置宣告Router ID R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 //宣告网段信息 R1(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 R1(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:15:16.883: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R1(config-router)#ex //退出接口模式
2、进入R2路由设置，配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R2#conf t //进入全局配置模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R2(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:12:37.643: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:12:38.643: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:13:06.051: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:13:07.051: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R2(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R2(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡 R2(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:13:54.103: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址 R2(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R2(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R2(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1 R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2 //设置宣告Router ID R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.1 0.0.0.255 area 2 //宣告网段信息 R2(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:15:16.887: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.1 0.0.0.255 area 1 R2(config-router)#ex //退出接口模式
3、进入R3路由设置，配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R3#conf t //进入全局配置模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R3(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:16:24.835: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:16:25.835: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:16:56.135: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:16:57.135: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R3(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R3(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡 R3(config-if)#ip *Mar 1 00:17:10.871: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址 R3(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R3(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R3(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1 R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3 //设置宣告Router ID R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //宣告网段信息 R3(config-router)# *Mar 1 00:19:16.383: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 R3(config-router)#ex //退出接口模式
4、进入R4路由设置，配置接口IP地址，设置回环网卡，配置OSPF协议。
R4#conf t //进入全局配置模式 Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. R4(config)#int f0/0 //进入f0/0接口 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R4(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:20:26.999: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:20:27.999: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up R4(config-if)#int f0/1 //进入f0/1接口 R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0 //添加IP地址 R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R4(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:20:51.107: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Mar 1 00:20:52.107: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up R4(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R4(config)#int loopback 0 //进入配置回环网卡 R4(config-if)# *Mar 1 00:21:07.103: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Loopback0, changed state to up R4(config-if)#ip add 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255 //添加固定回环网卡IP地址 R4(config-if)#no shut //开启接口 R4(config-if)#ex //退出接口模式 R4(config)#router ospf 1 //开启ospf协议，进程号为1 R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4 //设置宣告Router ID R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //宣告网段信息 R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
5、查看各路由设备路由表信息。
R1(config)#do show ip route //查看R1设备路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //未完全学到全部网段信息
R2(config)#do show ip route //查看R2设备路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.1, 00:09:31, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:05:30, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.2, 00:02:26, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息
R3(config)#do show ip route //查看R3设备路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:02:39, FastEthernet0/1 //未完全学到全部网段信息
R4(config)#do show ip route //查看R4设备路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:02:57, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C （1） 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 //添加（1）避免违禁词汇 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //未完全学到全部网段信息
6、创建R2、R3路由设备中配置虚链路，是所有路由设备可以学到全部网段信息；然后在查看路由设备路由表信息。
R2(config)#router ospf 1 //进入ospf协议 R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 //配置虚链路连接R3路由设备
R3(config)#router ospf 1 //进入ospf协议 R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2 //配置虚链路连接R2路由设备 R3(config-router)# *Mar 1 01:03:14.947: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on OSPF_VL0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done
R1(config)#do show ip route //查看R1路由设备路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:05:19, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.20.2, 00:03:36, FastEthernet0/1 C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O IA 192.168.50.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.20.2, 00:03:36, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息
R3(config)#do show ip route //查看R3路由设备路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set 3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0 C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.30.1, 00:04:06, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:04:06, FastEthernet0/0 O 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:44:50, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息
R4(config)#do show ip route //查看R4路由设备路由表信息 Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2 i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route Gateway of last resort is not set O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:45:36, FastEthernet0/0 4.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets C （1） 4.4.4.4 is directly connected, Loopback0 //添加（1）避免违禁词汇 O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/40] via 192.168.40.1, 00:04:43, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.40.1, 00:04:43, FastEthernet0/0 C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1 //成功学习网段信息
7、在两台PC机中添加IP地址，并使用ping命令检查互通性。
PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1 //添加IP地址 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1
PC2> ip 192.168.50.2 192.168.50.1 //添加IP地址 Checking for duplicate address... PC1 : 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.50.1
PC1> ping 192.168.50.2 //使用ping命令与PC2通信 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=60 time=78.779 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=77.795 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=81.932 ms 84 bytes from 192.168.50.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=83.226 ms //成功通信
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