Docker-compose容器编排的使用Web项目架构（前台web数据和后台数据库以及负载均衡容器统一部署在一个容器中）
2019-06-24 14:54
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Docker-compose容器编排的使用
首先贴上官方手册https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/ 学东西尽可能读官方手册
得有个问题引入：哈哈
** 随着容器使用得越发频繁，应用服务和容器间的关系更是复杂，
面对这种情况，研发部希望能使用更好的方法管理这些服务和对应的容器。工程师小w经过分析之后，决定使用集群来统一管理应用服务。
最近公司有个项目，需要将前台Web服务器和后台数据库，再加上负载均衡容器统一部署 在容器中，
研发部把这个项目交给了工程师小w面对这个任务，
小w决定使用Docker-compose容器编排服务，通过一-个单独的docker-compose.yml模板文件( YAML格式)为一个项目来定义一组相关联的应用容器。
**
1. Compose 简介 Compose的定位是“定义和运行多个Docker 容器的应用( Defining and runingnulti-container Docker Applications )", 其前身是开源项目Fig,目前仍然兼容Fig格式的模 板文件。 通过之前的介绍可以知道，使用一- 一个Dockerfile模板文件可以让用户很方便地定义一个单独的应用容器。 然而，在日常工作中，经常会碰到需要多个容器相互配合来完成某项任务的情况。 例如要实现一个Web项目，除了Web服务容器本身外，往往还需要加上后端的数据库服务容器，甚至还包括负载均衡容器等。 下图是Web项目架构示意图。 Compose恰好满足了这样的需求。 它允许用户通过一个单独的docker- compose.yml模板文件( YAML格式)来定义一组相关联的应 用容器为一个项目。 2. Compose中的service 和projectCompose中有两个重要的概念。 ①服务( service ):一个应用的容器，实际上可以包括若干运行相同镜像的容器实例。 ②项目(project): 由一组关联的应用容器组成的一一个完整业务单元，在docker- compose.yml文件中定义。 Coppose的默认管理对象是项目，可通过子命令对项目中的一组容器进行便捷的生命周期管理。
WEB项目架构示意图
Compose项目由Python编写,在实现上调用了Docker服务提供的API来对容器进行管理。 因此，只要所操作的平台支持Docker API,就可以在其上利用Compose来进行编排管理。 任务实施 1. 安装Compose Compose目前支持Linux 和Mac OS平台，两者的安装过程大同小异。 安装Compose之前，要先安装Docker (需要Docker Engine 1.7.1+ ),可参考上一个博客介绍，https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28513801/article/details/93381492此外不再赘述。 Compose可以通过Python的pip工具进行安装，也可以直接下载编译好的二进制文牛进行使用，甚至可以直接运行在Docker容器中。 前两种方式是传统方式，适合在本地环境下安装使用;最后一种方式则不破坏系统不境，更适合云计算场景。 ①安装Docker Compose (选择1.8.1 版本)。
[root@devops ~]# yum install -y epel-release [root@devops ~]# yum install -y python-pip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.ustc.edu.cn * epel: ftp.riken.jp * extras: ap.stykers.moe * updates: mirrors.163.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-8.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================= Installing: python2-pip noarch 8.1.2-8.el7 epel 1.7 M Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 1.7 M Installed size: 7.2 M Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY Public key for python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.7 MB 00:00:14 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5: Userid : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>" Fingerprint: 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5 Package : epel-release-7-11.noarch (@extras) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch 1/1 Verifying : python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch 1/1 Installed: python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-8.el7 Complete! [root@devops ~]# 如果提示Pip版本低的话就省级下 [root@devops ~]# pip install -U docker-compuse Collecting docker-compuse Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement docker-compuse (from versions: ) No matching distribution found for docker-compuse You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 19.1.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. [root@devops ~]# pip install --upgrade pip Collecting pip Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB) 100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 176kB/s Installing collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2 Uninstalling pip-8.1.2: Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2 Successfully installed pip-19.1.1 [root@devops ~]#
我这里使用的是secureCRT 如果出现乱码 则我们设置一下字符编码
[root@devops ~]# pip install -U docker-compuse DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. Collecting docker-compuse ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement docker-compuse (from versions: none) ERROR: No matching distribution found for docker-compuse [root@devops ~]# pip install -U docker-compose DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. Collecting docker-compose Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/51/56/5745e66b33846e92a8814466c163f165a26fadad8b33afe381e8b6c3f652/docker_compose-1.24.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (134kB) |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 146kB/s Collecting docker[ssh]<4.0,>=3.7.0 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/09/da/7cc7ecdcd01145e9924a8ccbe9c1baf3a362fc75d4cb150676eb5231ea60/docker-3.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (134kB) |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 219kB/s Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: backports.ssl-match-hostname>=3.5; python_version < "3.5" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (3.5.0.1) Collecting requests!=2.11.0,!=2.12.2,!=2.18.0,<2.21,>=2.6.1 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ff/17/5cbb026005115301a8fb2f9b0e3e8d32313142fe8b617070e7baad20554f/requests-2.20.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (57kB) |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 3.0MB/s Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: six<2,>=1.3.0 in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.9.0) Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: PyYAML<4.3,>=3.10 in /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (3.10) Collecting texttable<0.10,>=0.9.0 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/02/e1/2565e6b842de7945af0555167d33acfc8a615584ef7abd30d1eae00a4d80/texttable-0.9.1.tar.gz Collecting dockerpty<0.5,>=0.4.1 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8d/ee/e9ecce4c32204a6738e0a5d5883d3413794d7498fe8b06f44becc028d3ba/dockerpty-0.4.1.tar.gz Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: ipaddress>=1.0.16; python_version < "3.3" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.0.16) Collecting websocket-client<1.0,>=0.32.0 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/29/19/44753eab1fdb50770ac69605527e8859468f3c0fd7dc5a76dd9c4dbd7906/websocket_client-0.56.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (200kB) |████████████████████████████████| 204kB 224kB/s Requirement already satisfied, skipping upgrade: enum34<2,>=1.0.4; python_version < "3.4" in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from docker-compose) (1.0.4) Collecting docopt<0.7,>=0.6.1 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a2/55/8f8cab2afd404cf578136ef2cc5dfb50baa1761b68c9da1fb1e4eed343c9/docopt-0.6.2.tar.gz Collecting jsonschema<3,>=2.5.1 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/de/47e35a97b2b05c2fadbec67d44cfcdcd09b8086951b331d82de90d2912da/jsonschema-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting cached-property<2,>=1.2.0 (from docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3b/86/85c1be2e8db9e13ef9a350aecd6dea292bd612fa288c2f40d035bb750ded/cached_property-1.5.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting docker-pycreds>=0.4.0 (from docker[ssh]<4.0,>=3.7.0->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/f5/e8/f6bd1eee09314e7e6dee49cbe2c5e22314ccdb38db16c9fc72d2fa80d054/docker_pycreds-0.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting paramiko>=2.4.2; extra == "ssh" (from docker[ssh]<4.0,>=3.7.0->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/17/9f/7430d1ed509e195d5a5bb1a2bda6353a4aa64eb95491f198a17c44e2075c/paramiko-2.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (198kB) |████████████████████████████████| 204kB 89kB/s Collecting idna<2.8,>=2.5 (from requests!=2.11.0,!=2.12.2,!=2.18.0,<2.21,>=2.6.1->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4b/2a/0276479a4b3caeb8a8c1af2f8e4355746a97fab05a372e4a2c6a6b876165/idna-2.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (58kB) |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 33kB/s Collecting chardet<3.1.0,>=3.0.2 (from requests!=2.11.0,!=2.12.2,!=2.18.0,<2.21,>=2.6.1->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/bc/a9/01ffebfb562e4274b6487b4bb1ddec7ca55ec7510b22e4c51f14098443b8/chardet-3.0.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (133kB) |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 33kB/s Collecting urllib3<1.25,>=1.21.1 (from requests!=2.11.0,!=2.12.2,!=2.18.0,<2.21,>=2.6.1->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/01/11/525b02e4acc0c747de8b6ccdab376331597c569c42ea66ab0a1dbd36eca2/urllib3-1.24.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (118kB) |████████████████████████████████| 122kB 38kB/s Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests!=2.11.0,!=2.12.2,!=2.18.0,<2.21,>=2.6.1->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/69/1b/b853c7a9d4f6a6d00749e94eb6f3a041e342a885b87340b79c1ef73e3a78/certifi-2019.6.16-py2.py3-none-any.whl (157kB) |████████████████████████████████| 163kB 46kB/s Collecting functools32; python_version == "2.7" (from jsonschema<3,>=2.5.1->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c5/60/6ac26ad05857c601308d8fb9e87fa36d0ebf889423f47c3502ef034365db/functools32-3.2.3-2.tar.gz Collecting cryptography>=2.5 (from paramiko>=2.4.2; extra == "ssh"->docker[ssh]<4.0,>=3.7.0->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/68/50698ce24c61db7d44d93a5043c621a0ca7839d4ef9dff913e6ab465fc92/cryptography-2.7-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.3MB) |████████████████████████████████| 2.3MB 45kB/s Collecting pynacl>=1.0.1 (from paramiko>=2.4.2; extra == "ssh"->docker[ssh]<4.0,>=3.7.0->docker-compose) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b3/25/e605574f24948a8a53b497744e93f061eb1dbe7c44b6465fc1c172d591aa/PyNaCl-1.3.0-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (762kB) |████████████████████████████████| 768kB 35kB/s Collecting bcrypt>=3.1.3 (from paramiko>=2.4.2; extra == "ssh"->docker[ssh]<4.0,>=3.7.0->docker-compose)
②安装好以后更新pip工具
[root@devops ~]# pip install --upgrade pip DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. Requirement already up-to-date: pip in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (19.1.1)
也可以离线安装
1,运行此命令以下载Docker Compose的当前稳定版本： [root@devops ~]# sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose 2.对二进制文件应用可执行权限： sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@devops ~]# docker-compose --version docker-compose version 1.24.0, build 1110ad01 下面是演示过程 [root@devops ~]# sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.0/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose % Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 617 0 617 0 0 645 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 646 100 15.4M 100 15.4M 0 0 48142 0 0:05:35 0:05:35 --:--:-- 48591 [root@devops ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose [root@devops ~]# docker-compose --version docker-compose version 1.24.0, build 0aa59064 [root@devops ~]#
下面开始进行我们的Compose案例
编写一个Python Web 案例 ，应用compose编排服务，案例包含两个容器、一个Python Web容器，一个是Redis数据库容器
①：
创建composeapp目录
[root@devops /]# mkdir composeapp [root@devops /]# cd composeapp/ [root@devops composeapp]# touch Dockerfile [root@devops composeapp]#
②：
编写Python程序
如果没有Redis和flask库的话 我们可以在Windows命令行中环境中安装一下
（这里建议在Windows下或者是Centos下的Pycharm中进行编写python程序，避免犯小错误）
C:\Users\WMM>pip install redis Collecting redis Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/a7/cff10cc5f1180834a3ed564d148fb4329c989cbb1f2e196fc9a10fa07072/redis-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB) |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 134kB/s Installing collected packages: redis Successfully installed redis-3.2.1 C:\Users\WMM>python Python 3.6.7 (v3.6.7:6ec5cf24b7, Oct 20 2018, 13:35:33) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. C:\Users\WMM>pip install flask Collecting flask Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/74/670ae9737d14114753b8c8fdf2e8bd212a05d3b361ab15b44937dfd40985/Flask-1.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (92kB) |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 3.5kB/s Collecting Jinja2>=2.10 (from flask) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/e7/fd8b501e7a6dfe492a433deb7b9d833d39ca74916fa8bc63dd1a4947a671/Jinja2-2.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (124kB) |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 58kB/s Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from flask) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Requirement already satisfied: Werkzeug>=0.14 in d:\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask) (0.14.1) Requirement already satisfied: click>=5.1 in d:\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from flask) (7.0) Requirement already satisfied: MarkupSafe>=0.23 in d:\python\python36\lib\site-packages (from Jinja2>=2.10->flask) (1.1.0) Installing collected packages: Jinja2, itsdangerous, flask Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10.1 flask-1.0.3 itsdangerous-1.1.0
也可以在linux下安装，避免缺少库
[root@devops composeapp]# pip install flask DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. Collecting flask Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/74/670ae9737d14114753b8c8fdf2e8bd212a05d3b361ab15b44937dfd40985/Flask-1.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (92kB) |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 6.3kB/s Collecting Werkzeug>=0.14 (from flask) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/57/92a497e38161ce40606c27a86759c6b92dd34fcdb33f64171ec559257c02/Werkzeug-0.15.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (327kB) |████████████████████████████████| 327kB 5.3kB/s Collecting click>=5.1 (from flask) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB) |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 5.4kB/s Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from flask) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Jinja2>=2.10 (from flask) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/e7/fd8b501e7a6dfe492a433deb7b9d833d39ca74916fa8bc63dd1a4947a671/Jinja2-2.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (124kB) |████████████████████████████████| 133kB 6.1kB/s Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10->flask) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fb/40/f3adb7cf24a8012813c5edb20329eb22d5d8e2a0ecf73d21d6b85865da11/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl Installing collected packages: Werkzeug, click, itsdangerous, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, flask Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.15.4 click-7.0 flask-1.0.3 itsdangerous-1.1.0 [root@devops composeapp]# pip install redis DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. Collecting redis Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/a7/cff10cc5f1180834a3ed564d148fb4329c989cbb1f2e196fc9a10fa07072/redis-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB) |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 93kB/s Installing collected packages: redis Successfully installed redis-3.2.1 [root@devops composeapp]#
开始编写Python的程序
app.py
[root@devops composeapp]# cat app.py
#coding:utf-8
from flask import Flask
from redis import Redis
import os
app = Flask(__name__) #__XXX__ 在Python中表示系统定义的名字哦 __XXX 表示类中的私有变量名
## __init__ 构造函数的固定名称
redis = Redis(host="redis",port=6379)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
redis.incr('hits')
return 'Hello Docker Book reader! I have been seen {0} times'.format(redis.get('hits'))
if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run(host="0.0.0.0",debug=True)
[root@devops composeapp]#
③：
创建Python的依赖包描述文件
[root@devops composeapp]# touch requirements.txt [root@devops composeapp]# vi requirements.txt flask redis
④：
编写Python Web容器的镜像Dockerfile文件
（这里有之前做的很详细的记录DockerFile详解 https://mp.csdn.net/mdeditor/90180708#）
[root@devops composeapp]# vi Dockerfile FROM python2.7:test MAINTAINER paowuxian <1300042631@qq.com> ENV REFRESHED_AT 2019-06-23 #更新数据的时间 ADD . /composeapp WORKDIR /composeapp RUN pip install -r requirements.txt # 当然这里之前我们已经手动安装好了我们所需要的依赖包描述性文件中的内容
⑤：
构建镜像
(这里说明一下我这里由于是新的系统和容器没有python2.7的镜像，那么我们就开始手动制作一个，由于篇幅有限我把制作的镜像的内容放到另外一个博客中：这是地址https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28513801/article/details/93394225)
root@devops composeapp]# docker build -t pwx/composeapp . Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096kB Step 1/6 : FROM python2.7:test ---> 6121878c45f9 Step 2/6 : MAINTAINER paowuxian <1300042631@qq.com> ---> Running in 7857094abacd Removing intermediate container 7857094abacd ---> c3fe1ff5db2c Step 3/6 : ENV REFRESHED_AT 2019-06-23 ---> Running in 6251ac1ea9e6 Removing intermediate container 6251ac1ea9e6 ---> 49c008a91266 Step 4/6 : ADD . /composeapp ---> 63ca9e0f7747 Step 5/6 : WORKDIR /composeapp ---> Running in 99672539a440 Removing intermediate container 99672539a440 ---> bfb74be280cc Step 6/6 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt ---> Running in b98fa64038db /bin/sh: pip: command not found The command '/bin/sh -c pip install -r requirements.txt' returned a non-zero code: 127 [root@devops composeapp]# 这里报了一个错误，最后一行可以看到是镜像中没有pip工具 那么我们就打开我们的刚刚的打包的镜像继续添加pip工具 就在这里更新，不在重新打开刚刚的那一篇了(其实操作基本一样，只是多了两个步骤，一个是安装epel扩展 yum -y install epel-release 然后再安装python-pip 就可以了 下面我们演示一下两个过程 )
开始更新我们的镜像##########################################
[root@devops /]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE python3 test 6121878c45f9 26 minutes ago 284MB python2.7 test 6121878c45f9 26 minutes ago 284MB python 2.7 693b5f09c0ee 32 minutes ago 307MB nginx latest 719cd2e3ed04 12 days ago 109MB portainer/portainer latest da2759008147 2 weeks ago 75.4MB centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202MB [root@devops /]# docker run -itd --name pythontest python2.7:test /bin/bash 64c3b510d902f43f9338e5cf7118a64d906302560bf6d69b0f4d80bd4d2ded63 [root@devops /]# docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 64c3b510d902 python2.7:test "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds pythontest [root@devops /]# docker exec -it 64c3b510d902 /bin/bash 首先安装epel扩展源： [root@e64c3b510d902 /]# yum -y install epel-release Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ap.stykers.moe * extras: ap.stykers.moe * updates: ap.stykers.moe Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================= Installing: epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package Total download size: 15 k Installed size: 24 k Downloading packages: warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/extras/packages/epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID f4a80eb5: NOKEYA Public key for epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm is not installed epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Importing GPG key 0xF4A80EB5: Userid : "CentOS-7 Key (CentOS 7 Official Signing Key) <security@centos.org>" Fingerprint: 6341 ab27 53d7 8a78 a7c2 7bb1 24c6 a8a7 f4a8 0eb5 Package : centos-release-7-4.1708.el7.centos.x86_64 (@CentOS) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1 Installed: epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 Complete! [root@e81a1d356641 /]# yum -y install python-pip Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, ovl epel/x86_64/metalink | 5.5 kB 00:00:00 epel | 5.4 kB 00:00:00 epel/x86_64/primary_db FAILED http://mirrors.nipa.cloud/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/d0ad247868c204570edd7b18e2137399009148f5d2e2be074165365b2ff739cf-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320623 If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please create a bug on https://bugs.centos.org/ (1/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:00 epel/x86_64/updateinfo FAILED https://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/linux/fedora-projects/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/a57f1bb0ee08e200de1cd5eb45ce5c69a13ff5c049c2789cb21da90681af5ab3-updateinfo.xml.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. epel/x86_64/primary_db FAILED http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/Linux/Fedora/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/d0ad247868c204570edd7b18e2137399009148f5d2e2be074165365b2ff739cf-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 978 kB 00:00:00 epel/x86_64/primary_db FAILED https://mirror.ps.kz/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/d0ad247868c204570edd7b18e2137399009148f5d2e2be074165365b2ff739cf-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTPS Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.7 MB 00:00:04 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ap.stykers.moe * epel: mirrors.nipa.cloud * extras: ap.stykers.moe * updates: ap.stykers.moe Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-8.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-setuptools for package: python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname for package: python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.5.0.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: python-ipaddress for package: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: python-backports for package: python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 will be installed ---> Package python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ======================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ======================================================================================================================================= Installing: python2-pip noarch 8.1.2-8.el7 epel 1.7 M Installing for dependencies: python-backports x86_64 1.0-8.el7 base 5.8 k python-backports-ssl_match_hostname noarch 3.5.0.1-1.el7 base 13 k python-ipaddress noarch 1.0.16-2.el7 base 34 k python-setuptools noarch 0.9.8-7.el7 base 397 k Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 2.1 M Installed size: 9.4 M Downloading packages: (1/5): python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 13 kB 00:00:00 (2/5): python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 5.8 kB 00:00:00 (3/5): python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 34 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch.rpm | 397 kB 00:00:01 warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 352c64e5: NOKEY Public key for python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch.rpm is not installed (5/5): python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.7 MB 00:00:02 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.0 MB/s | 2.1 MB 00:00:02 Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 Importing GPG key 0x352C64E5: Userid : "Fedora EPEL (7) <epel@fedoraproject.org>" Fingerprint: 91e9 7d7c 4a5e 96f1 7f3e 888f 6a2f aea2 352c 64e5 Packa 17cd3 ge : epel-release-7-11.noarch (@extras) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 1/5 Installing : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch 2/5 Installing : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch 3/5 Installing : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch 4/5 Installing : python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch 5/5 Verifying : python-ipaddress-1.0.16-2.el7.noarch 1/5 Verifying : python2-pip-8.1.2-8.el7.noarch 2/5 Verifying : python-setuptools-0.9.8-7.el7.noarch 3/5 Verifying : python-backports-ssl_match_hostname-3.5.0.1-1.el7.noarch 4/5 Verifying : python-backports-1.0-8.el7.x86_64 5/5 Installed: python2-pip.noarch 0:8.1.2-8.el7 Dependency Installed: python-backports.x86_64 0:1.0-8.el7 python-backports-ssl_match_hostname.noarch 0:3.5.0.1-1.el7 python-ipaddress.noarch 0:1.0.16-2.el7 python-setuptools.noarch 0:0.9.8-7.el7 Complete! 然后把我们之前的python2.7：test的镜删除掉 (docker rmi -f <镜像名称>) 重新使用刚刚安装过pip的容器生成新的镜像python2.7：test [root@devops ~]# docker ps -l CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES e81a1d356641 ff426288ea90 "/bin/bash" 13 minutes ago Up 13 minutes centos7pythontest [root@devops ~]# docker commit e81a1d356641 python2.7:test sha256:62643ddb52f771240debdf0ffae00c46b80e86f1825463806d8531f55f3bbd4b [root@devops ~]# docker images | grep python2.7 python2.7 test 62643ddb52f7 14 seconds ago 356MB [root@devops ~]#
⑤ ：下面开始继续构建我们的镜像：
[root@devops composeapp]# ls app.py Dockerfile requirements.txt [root@devops composeapp]# docker build -t pwx/composeapp . Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096kB Step 1/6 : FROM python2.7:test ---> 62643ddb52f7 Step 2/6 : MAINTAINER paowuxian <1300042631@qq.com> ---> Running in 69e9b82eb41c Removing intermediate container 69e9b82eb41c ---> 9976845f9c8a Step 3/6 : ENV REFRESHED_AT 2019-06-23 ---> Running in 854c74d028a8 Removing intermediate container 854c74d028a8 ---> 50220e1be1be Step 4/6 : ADD . /composeapp ---> 6ab0478f041b Step 5/6 : WORKDIR /composeapp ---> Running in 04c4a5335e46 Removing intermediate container 04c4a5335e46 ---> 91e6de5ab134 Step 6/6 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt ---> Running in e7f852d71a7f Collecting flask (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/74/670ae9737d14114753b8c8fdf2e8bd212a05d3b361ab15b44937dfd40985/Flask-1.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (92kB) 100% |################################| 92kB 183kB/s Collecting redis (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/a7/cff10cc5f1180834a3ed564d148fb4329c989cbb1f2e196fc9a10fa07072/redis-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB) 100% |################################| 71kB 294kB/s Collecting Jinja2>=2.10 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/e7/fd8b501e7a6dfe492a433deb7b9d833d39ca74916fa8bc63dd1a4947a671/Jinja2-2.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (124kB) 100% |################################| 133kB 331kB/s Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Werkzeug>=0.14 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/57/92a497e38161ce40606c27a86759c6b92dd34fcdb33f64171ec559257c02/Werkzeug-0.15.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (327kB) 100% |################################| 327kB 1.7MB/s Collecting click>=5.1 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB) 100% |################################| 81kB 1.5MB/s Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10->flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fb/40/f3adb7cf24a8012813c5edb20329eb22d5d8e2a0ecf73d21d6b85865da11/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2, itsdangerous, Werkzeug, click, flask, redis Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.15.4 click-7.0 flask-1.0.3 itsdangerous-1.1.0 redis-3.2.1 You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 19.1.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. Removing intermediate container e7f852d71a7f ---> 55e2b8551e39 Successfully built 55e2b8551e39 Successfully tagged pwx/composeapp:latest [root@devops composeapp]# ls 但是从最后两行建议中 我们可以看到 我们应该在我们的dockerFile文件最后再加入一条指令 () RUN pip install --upgrade pip
下面是修改后的DockerFile文件
[root@devops composeapp]# cat Dockerfile FROM python2.7:test MAINTAINER paowuxian <1300042631@qq.com> ENV REFRESHED_AT 2019-06-23 ADD . /composeapp WORKDIR /composeapp RUN pip install -r requirements.txt RUN pip install --upgrade pip
然后把刚刚构建的pwx/composeapp 的镜像给删除掉 重新构建
[root@devops composeapp]# docker build -t pwx/composeapp . Sending build context to Docker daemon 4.096kB Step 1/7 : FROM python2.7:test ---> 62643ddb52f7 Step 2/7 : MAINTAINER paowuxian <1300042631@qq.com> ---> Running in dc3dbdf27b3f Removing intermediate container dc3dbdf27b3f ---> cf4c308ce9e6 Step 3/7 : ENV REFRESHED_AT 2019-06-23 ---> Running in 6d8076aa43b4 Removing intermediate container 6d8076aa43b4 ---> b10d9ace4e9f Step 4/7 : ADD . /composeapp ---> 1e3b28afdbe6 Step 5/7 : WORKDIR /composeapp ---> Running in bc51f1b3d17e Removing intermediate container bc51f1b3d17e ---> aec44551c4ae Step 6/7 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt ---> Running in 0e092ad04cfd Collecting flask (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9a/74/670ae9737d14114753b8c8fdf2e8bd212a05d3b361ab15b44937dfd40985/Flask-1.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (92kB) 100% |################################| 92kB 156kB/s Collecting redis (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ac/a7/cff10cc5f1180834a3ed564d148fb4329c989cbb1f2e196fc9a10fa07072/redis-3.2.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (65kB) 100% |################################| 71kB 319kB/s Collecting Jinja2>=2.10 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1d/e7/fd8b501e7a6dfe492a433deb7b9d833d39ca74916fa8bc63dd1a4947a671/Jinja2-2.10.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (124kB) 100% |################################| 133kB 101kB/s Collecting itsdangerous>=0.24 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/76/ae/44b03b253d6fade317f32c24d100b3b35c2239807046a4c953c7b89fa49e/itsdangerous-1.1.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Collecting Werkzeug>=0.14 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/57/92a497e38161ce40606c27a86759c6b92dd34fcdb33f64171ec559257c02/Werkzeug-0.15.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (327kB) 100% |################################| 327kB 145kB/s Collecting click>=5.1 (from flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fa/37/45185cb5abbc30d7257104c434fe0b07e5a195a6847506c074527aa599ec/Click-7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (81kB) 100% |################################| 81kB 337kB/s Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.10->flask->-r requirements.txt (line 1)) Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/fb/40/f3adb7cf24a8012813c5edb20329eb22d5d8e2a0ecf73d21d6b85865da11/MarkupSafe-1.1.1-cp27-cp27mu-manylinux1_x86_64.whl Installing collected packages: MarkupSafe, Jinja2, itsdangerous, Werkzeug, click, flask, redis Successfully installed Jinja2-2.10.1 MarkupSafe-1.1.1 Werkzeug-0.15.4 click-7.0 flask-1.0.3 itsdangerous-1.1.0 redis-3.2.1 You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 19.1.1 is available. You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. Removing intermediate container 0e092ad04cfd ---> feb2822d30ef Step 7/7 : RUN pip install --upgrade pip ---> Running in 59a9dd8c1f9b Collecting pip Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5c/e0/be401c003291b56efc55aeba6a80ab790d3d4cece2778288d65323009420/pip-19.1.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB) 100% |################################| 1.4MB 69kB/s Installing collected packages: pip Found existing installation: pip 8.1.2 Uninstalling pip-8.1.2: Successfully uninstalled pip-8.1.2 Successfully installed pip-19.1.1 Removing intermediate container 59a9dd8c1f9b ---> 09b02cc0a156 Successfully built 09b02cc0a156 Successfully tagged pwx/composeapp:latest [root@devops composeapp]# 上面虽然还是有提示 但是我们最后一条命令已经成功执行了 下面接着我们的顺利步骤进行
⑥ ：
以Docker run 操作运行案例
[root@devops composeapp]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE pwx/composeapp latest 09b02cc0a156 4 minutes ago 371MB python2.7 test 62643ddb52f7 12 minutes ago 356MB python 2.7 693b5f09c0ee 2 hours ago 307MB nginx latest 719cd2e3ed04 12 days ago 109MB portainer/portainer latest da2759008147 2 weeks ago 75.4MB centos latest 9f38484d220f 3 months ago 202MB centos7 test ff426288ea90 17 months ago 207MB [root@devops composeapp]# docker run -itd -p 5000:5000 -v.:/composeapp --link redis:redis --name pwx/composeapp:latest python app.py Unable to find image 'python:latest' locally latest: Pulling from library/python 6f2f362378c5: Pull complete 494c27a8a6b8: Pull complete 7596bb83081b: Pull complete 372744b62d49: Pull complete 615db220d76c: Pull complete 39aa0c89bda1: Pull complete ac275157d894: Pull complete 98d16dec829a: Pull complete c8514b1c6524: Pull complete Digest: sha256:9e0b4f32487ca1863b45383420b8db77990debae748e2e875d2f86fa9510d4a5 Status: Downloaded newer image for python:latest
⑦：
构建DockerCompose yml 文件，即docker-compose.yml文件：
web: image:pwx/composeapp command:python app.py ports: -"5000:5000" volumes: -.:/composeapp links: -redis redis: image:redis
这里如果执行时遇到报错问题 大概就是格式问题
这是我初次遇到的问题 并解决了
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28513801/article/details/93405315
⑧：
切换到composeapp目录下，以compose的方式运行：
[root@devops composeapp]# docker-compose up Pulling redis (redis:)... latest: Pulling from library/redis fc7181108d40: Already exists 3e0ac67cad82: Pull complete 6ee495cb7235: Pull complete 9f7206d08b9d: Pull complete a8354ef8cccb: Pull complete 53afb10d81c2: Pull complete Digest: sha256:ca2d9251c2818df48c6598e01a5bdeab46040dc7ab236abe075d7c7343465177 Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest Creating composeapp_redis_1 ... done Creating composeapp_web_1 ... done Attaching to composeapp_redis_1, composeapp_web_1 redis_1 | 1:C 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.151 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo redis_1 | 1:C 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.151 # Redis version=5.0.5, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started redis_1 | 1:C 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.151 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf redis_1 | 1:M 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.154 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379. redis_1 | 1:M 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.154 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128. redis_1 | 1:M 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.154 # Server initialized redis_1 | 1:M 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.154 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect. redis_1 | 1:M 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.154 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled. redis_1 | 1:M 23 Jun 2019 12:37:59.154 * Ready to accept connections web_1 | * Serving Flask app "app" (lazy loading) web_1 | * Environment: production web_1 | WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment. web_1 | Use a production WSGI server instead. web_1 | * Debug mode: on web_1 | * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit) web_1 | * Restarting with stat web_1 | * Debugger is active! web_1 | * Debugger PIN: 314-971-920
⑨：
最后在网页上访问验证效果：
历时3个小时的docker Compose 案例 终于完工，虽然其中遇到了很多问题 但是也都解决了
我觉得应该在这里进行一次总结：
多学多看多实践多总结
①：安装的时候 docker 可能不是很顺利安装 建议使用阿里云的源和加速器
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28513801/article/details/93381492 这是docker安装方式
②：自己制作镜像的时候可能会忘记安装pip工具 那么我们上面的内容后面也进行了及时补充
docker容器中安装pip时 要注意第一步首先 epel 扩展
yum install -y epel-release
③：最重要的环节 我们要注意yml文件的书写，以及严格的格式要求
1)要注意冒号后面跟空格 否则发生报错
RROR: yaml.scanner.ScannerError: mapping values are not allowed here in "./docker-compose.yml", line 4, column 7
2)要注意-号后面也要加空格
ERROR: The Compose file './docker-compose.yml' is invalid because: web.volumes contains an invalid type, it should be an array web.links contains an invalid type, it should be an array web.ports contains an invalid type, it should be an array --------------------- 作者：抛物线. 来源：CSDN 原文：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28513801/article/details/93405315 版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请附上博文链接！
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_28513801/article/details/93405315这是今天解决的两个报错问题
基本上没有其他问题出现。
学校即将放假，接下来就有时间了
接下来 将进行DockerSwarm和Consul构建的学习
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