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如何在 CentOS 或 RHEL 系统上检查可用的安全更新？ | Linux 中国

2019-06-05 07:22 871 查看
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/F8qG7f9YD02Pe/article/details/90898788 当你更新系统时，根据你所在公司的安全策略，有时候可能只需要打上与安全相关的补丁。-- Magesh Maruthamuthu

当你更新系统时，根据你所在公司的安全策略，有时候可能只需要打上与安全相关的补丁。大多数情况下，这应该是出于程序兼容性方面的考量。那该怎样实践呢？有没有办法让 

yum
 只安装安全补丁呢？答案是肯定的，可以用 
yum
 包管理器轻松实现。在这篇文章中，我们不但会提供所需的信息。而且，我们会介绍一些额外的命令，可以帮你获取指定安全更新的详实信息。希望这样可以启发你去了解并修复你列表上的那些漏洞。一旦有安全漏洞被公布，就必须更新受影响的软件，这样可以降低系统中的安全风险。对于 RHEL 或 CentOS 6 系统，运行下面的 Yum 命令 来安装 yum 安全插件。
  1. # yum -y install yum-plugin-security
在 RHEL 7&8 或是 CentOS 7&8 上面，这个插件已经是 
yum
 的一部分了，不用单独安装。要列出全部可用的补丁（包括安全、Bug 修复以及产品改进），但不安装它们：
  1. # yum updateinfo list available
  2. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
  3. : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  4. RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64
  5. RHSA-2015:0416 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-13.el7.x86_64
  6. RHBA-2015:0626 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-15.el7_1.x86_64
  7. RHSA-2015:0895 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-16.el7_1.x86_64
  8. RHBA-2015:1554 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-20.el7_1.x86_64
  9. RHBA-2015:1960 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-23.el7_1.x86_64
  10. RHBA-2015:2351 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.<
20000
/span>4.0-19.el7.x86_64
  11. RHBA-2015:2572 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-21.el7_2.x86_64
  12. RHSA-2016:0204 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64
  13. RHBA-2016:0550 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-29.el7_2.x86_64
  14. RHBA-2016:1048 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-30.el7_2.x86_64
  15. RHBA-2016:1298 bugfix         389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-32.el7_2.x86_64
要统计补丁的大约数量，运行下面的命令：
  1. # yum updateinfo list available | wc -l
  2. 11269
想列出全部可用的安全补丁但不安装，以下命令用来展示你系统里已安装和待安装的推荐补丁：
  1. # yum updateinfo list security all
  2. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
  3. : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  4. RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64
  5. RHSA-2015:0416 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-13.el7.x86_64
  6. RHSA-2015:0895 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-16.el7_1.x86_64
  7. RHSA-2016:0204 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64
  8. RHSA-2016:2594 Moderate/Sec.  389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-11.el7.x86_64
  9. RHSA-2017:0920 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-20.el7_3.x86_64
  10. RHSA-2017:2569 Moderate/Sec.  389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-19.el7_4.x86_64
  11. RHSA-2018:0163 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-26.el7_4.x86_64
  12. RHSA-2018:0414 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-28.el7_4.x86_64
  13. RHSA-2018:1380 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-21.el7_5.x86_64
  14. RHSA-2018:2757 Moderate/Sec.  389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-28.el7_5.x86_64
  15. RHSA-2018:3127 Moderate/Sec.  389-ds-base-1.3.8.4-15.el7.x86_64
  16. RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-libs-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64
要显示所有待安装的安全补丁：
  1. # yum updateinfo list security all | grep -v "i"
  3. RHSA-2014:1031 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.1.6-26.el7_0.x86_64
  4. RHSA-2015:0416 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-13.el7.x86_64
  5. RHSA-2015:0895 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.3.1-16.el7_1.x86_64
  6. RHSA-2016:0204 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64
  7. RHSA-2016:2594 Moderate/Sec.  389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-11.el7.x86_64
  8. RHSA-2017:0920 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.5.10-20.el7_3.x86_64
  9. RHSA-2017:2569 Moderate/Sec.  389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-19.el7_4.x86_64
  10. RHSA-2018:0163 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-26.el7_4.x86_64
  11. RHSA-2018:0414 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.6.1-28.el7_4.x86_64
  12. RHSA-2018:1380 Important/Sec. 389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-21.el7_5.x86_64
  13. RHSA-2018:2757 Moderate/Sec.  389-ds-base-1.3.7.5-28.el7_5.x86_64
要统计全部安全补丁的大致数量，运行下面的命令：
  1. # yum updateinfo list security all | wc -l
  2. 3522
下面根据已装软件列出可更新的安全补丁。这包括 bugzilla（bug 修复）、CVE（知名漏洞数据库）、安全更新等：
  1. # yum updateinfo list security
  3. 或者
  5. # yum updateinfo list sec
  7. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
  8. : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  10. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  11. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  12. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  13. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.noarch
  14. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-glib-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  15. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-libnm-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  16. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-ppp-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  17. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-team-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  18. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-tui-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  19. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-wifi-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  20. RHSA-2018:3665 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-wwan-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
显示所有与安全相关的更新，并且返回一个结果来告诉你是否有可用的补丁：
  1. # yum --security check-update
  2. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  3. rhel-7-server-rpms                                                                                                                            | 2.0 kB  00:00:00
  4. --> policycoreutils-devel-2.2.5-20.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  5. --> smc-raghumalayalam-fonts-6.0-7.el7.noarch from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  6. --> amanda-server-3.3.3-17.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  7. --> 389-ds-base-libs-1.3.4.0-26.el7_2.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  8. --> 1:cups-devel-1.6.3-26.el7.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  9. --> openwsman-client-2.6.3-3.git4391e5c.el7.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  10. --> 1:emacs-24.3-18.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  11. --> augeas-libs-1.4.0-2.el7_4.2.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  12. --> samba-winbind-modules-4.2.3-10.el7.i686 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  13. --> tftp-5.2-11.el7.x86_64 from rhel-7-server-rpms excluded (updateinfo)
  14. .
  15. .
  16. 35 package(s) needed for security, out of 115 available
  17. NetworkManager.x86_64                        1:1.12.0-10.el7_6            rhel-7-server-rpms
  18. NetworkManager-adsl.x86_64                   1:1.12.0-10.el7_6            rhel-7-server-rpms
  19. NetworkManager-bluetooth.x86_64              1:1.12.0-10.el7_6            rhel-7-server-rpms
  20. NetworkManager-config-server.noarch          1:1.12.0-10.el7_6            rhel-7-server-rpms
  21. NetworkManager-glib.x86_64                   1:1.12.0-10.el7_6            rhel-7-server-rpms
  22. NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64                  1:1.12.0-10.el7_6            rhel-7-server-rpms
  23. NetworkManager-ppp.x86_64                    1:1.12.0-10.el7_6            rhel-7-server-rpms
列出所有可用的安全补丁，并且显示其详细信息：
  1. # yum info-sec
  2. .
  3. .
  4. ===============================================================================
  5. tzdata bug fix and enhancement update
  6. ===============================================================================
  7. Update ID : RHBA-2019:0689
  8. Release : 0
  9. Type : bugfix
  10. Status : final
  11. Issued : 2019-03-28 19:27:44 UTC
  12. Description : The tzdata packages contain data files with rules for various
  13. : time zones.
  14. :
  15. : The tzdata packages have been updated to version
  16. : 2019a, which addresses recent time zone changes.
  17. : Notably:
  18. :
  19. : * The Asia/Hebron and Asia/Gaza zones will start
  20. :   DST on 2019-03-30, rather than 2019-03-23 as
  21. :   previously predicted.
  22. : * Metlakatla rejoined Alaska time on 2019-01-20,
  23. :   ending its observances of Pacific standard time.
  24. :
  25. : (BZ#1692616, BZ#1692615, BZ#1692816)
  26. :
  27. : Users of tzdata are advised to upgrade to these
  28. : updated packages.
  29. Severity : None
如果你想要知道某个更新的具体内容，可以运行下面这个命令：
  1. # yum updateinfo RHSA-2019:0163
  3. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  4. rhel-7-server-rpms                                                                                                                            | 2.0 kB  00:00:00
  5. ===============================================================================
  6. Important: kernel security, bug fix, and enhancement update
  7. ===============================================================================
  8. Update ID : RHSA-2019:0163
  9. Release : 0
  10. Type : security
  11. Status : final
  12. Issued : 2019-01-29 15:21:23 UTC
  13. Updated : 2019-01-29 15:23:47 UTC       Bugs : 1641548 - CVE-2018-18397 kernel: userfaultfd bypasses tmpfs file permissions
  14. : 1641878 - CVE-2018-18559 kernel: Use-after-free due to race condition in AF_PACKET implementation
  15. CVEs : CVE-2018-18397
  16. : CVE-2018-18559
  17. Description : The kernel packages contain the Linux kernel, the core of any
  18. : Linux operating system.
  19. :
  20. : Security Fix(es):
  21. :
  22. : * kernel: Use-after-free due to race condition in
  23. :   AF_PACKET implementation (CVE-2018-18559)
  24. :
  25. : * kernel:
3ff7
userfaultfd bypasses tmpfs file
  26. :   permissions (CVE-2018-18397)
  27. :
  28. : For more details about the security issue(s),
  29. : including the impact, a CVSS score, and other
  30. : related information, refer to the CVE page(s)
  31. : listed in the References section.
  32. :
  33. : Bug Fix(es):
  34. :
  35. : These updated kernel packages include also
  36. : numerous bug fixes and enhancements. Space
  37. : precludes documenting all of the bug fixes in this
  38. : advisory. See the descriptions in the related
  39. : Knowledge Article:
  40. : https://access.redhat.com/articles/3827321
  41. Severity : Important
  42. updateinfo info done
跟之前类似，你可以只查询那些通过 CVE 释出的系统漏洞：
  1. # yum updateinfo list cves
  3. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
  4. : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  5. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  6. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  7. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  8. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.noarch
  9. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-glib-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  10. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-libnm-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  11. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-ppp-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
  12. CVE-2018-15688 Important/Sec. NetworkManager-team-1:1.12.0-8.el7_6.x86_64
你也可以查看那些跟 bug 修复相关的更新，运行下面的命令：
  1. # yum updateinfo list bugfix | less
  3. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos,
  4. : subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  5. RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.x86_64
  6. RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.x86_64
  7. RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.x86_64
  8. RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-adsl-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.x86_64
  9. RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.x86_64
  10. RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-bluetooth-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.x86_64
  11. RHBA-2018:3349 bugfix NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-7.el7_6.noarch
  12. RHBA-2019:0519 bugfix NetworkManager-config-server-1:1.12.0-10.el7_6.noarch
要想得到待安装更新的摘要信息，运行这个：
  1. # yum updateinfo summary
  2. Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock
  3. rhel-7-server-rpms                                                                                                                            | 2.0 kB  00:00:00
  4. Updates Information Summary: updates
  5. 13 Security notice(s)
  6. 9 Important Security notice(s)
  7. 3 Moderate Security notice(s)
  8. 1 Low Security notice(s)
  9. 35 Bugfix notice(s)
  10. 1 Enhancement notice(s)
  11. updateinfo summary done
如果只想打印出低级别的安全更新，运行下面这个命令。类似的，你也可以只查询重要级别和中等级别的安全更新。
  1. # yum updateinfo list sec | grep -i "Low"
  3. RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec.       libgudev1-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64
  4. RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec.       systemd-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64
  5. RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec.       systemd-libs-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64
  6. RHSA-2019:0201 Low/Sec.       systemd-sysv-219-62.el7_6.3.x86_64
via: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/作者：Magesh Maruthamuthu 选题：lujun9972 译者：jdh8383 校对：wxy本文由 LCTT 原创编译，Linux中国 荣誉推出





                                            

                                        

                        
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