lamp架构的搭建(apache、mysql、php编译安装)
lamp
1.lamp简介
lamp是一个常用的web架构
所谓lamp,其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件,除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序,但是因为经常被放在一起使用,拥有了越来越高的兼容度,共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux(操作系统)、Apache(HTTP服务器)、MySQL(也指MariaDB,数据库软件)和PHP(有时也是指Perl或Python)的第一个字母,一般用来建立web应用平台。
2.web服务器工作流程
web服务器的资源分为两种,静态资源和动态资源
- 静态资源就是指静态内容,客户端从服务器获得的资源的表现形式与原文件相同。可以简单的理解为就是直接存储于文件系统中的资源
- 动态资源则通常是程序文件,需要在服务器执行之后,将执行的结果返回给客户端
2.1CGI和FastCGI
-
CGI(Common Gateway Interface,通用网关接口),CGI是外部应用程序(CGI程序)与WEB服务器之间的接口标准,是在CGI程序和Web服务器之间传递信息的过程。CGI规范允许Web服务器执行外部程序,并将它们的输出发送给Web浏览器,CGI将web的一组简单的静态超媒体文档变成一个完整的新的交互式媒体。
-
FastCGI(Fast Common Gateway Interface)是CGI的改良版,CGI是通过启用一个解释器进程来处理每个请求,耗时且耗资源,而FastCGI则是通过master-worker形式来处理每个请求,即启动一个master主进程,然后根据配置启动几个worker进程,当请求进来时,master会从worker进程中选择一个去处理请求,这样就避免了重复的生成和杀死进程带来的频繁cpu上下文切换而导致耗时
2.2 httpd和php结合的方式
httpd与php结合的方式有以下三种:
- modules:php将以httpd的扩展模块形式存在,需要加载动态资源时,httpd可以直接通过php模块来加工资源并返回给客户端 httpd prefork:libphp5.so(多进程模型的php)
- httpd event or worker:libphp5-zts.so(线程模型的php)
较于CGI方式,FastCGI更为常用,很少有人使用CGI方式来加载动态资源
3.lamp平台的构建
环境:
- 操作系统:Redhat7
- IP地址:192.168.157.59
- 所需要的服务:httpd-2.4,mysql-5.7,php,php-mysql
lamp平台软件安装顺序:
httpd ——> mysql ——> php
3.1 安装httpd
//安装开发工具包
[root@xaii ~]# yum groups mark install '开发工具' 已加载插件:product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register. Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast 没有安装组信息文件 Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Marked install: 开发工具
//创建apache服务的用户和组
[root@xaii ~]# groupadd -r apache [root@xaii ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g apache apache -r:创建系统用户;-M:不创建用户的主目录;-s:不允许交互
//安装依赖包
[root@xaii ~]# yum -y install openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 expat-devel.x86_64.0.2.1.0-10.el7_3 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 libtool.x86_64.0.2.4.2-22.el7_3 将被 安装 安装过程略...... 完毕!
//下载和安装apr以及apr-util
[root@xaii src]# ls apr-1.6.5.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz debug kernels [root@xaii src]# tar xf apr-1.6.5.tar.gz [root@xaii src]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@xaii src]# cd apr-1.6.5 [root@xaii apr-1.6.5]# vim configure cfgfile="${ofile}T" trap "$RM \"$cfgfile\"; exit 1" 1 2 15 # $RM "$cfgfile" //将此行加上注释,或者删除此行 [root@xaii apr-1.6.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr 配置过程略...... [root@xaii apr-1.6.5]# make -j 4 配置过程略...... [root@xaii apr-1.6.5]# make install 配置过程略...... [root@xaii apr-1.6.5]# cd /usr/src/apr-util-1.6.1 [root@xaii apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr 配置过程略...... [root@xaii apr-util-1.6.1]# make -j 4 配置过程略...... [root@xaii apr-util-1.6.1]# make install 配置过程略......
//编译安装httpd
[root@xaii ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg httpd-2.4.37.tar.gz [root@xaii ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.37.tar.gz [root@xaii ~]# cd httpd-2.4.37 [root@xaii httpd-2.4.37]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache \ --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd24 \ --enable-so \ --enable-ssl \ --enable-cgi \ --enable-rewrite \ --with-zlib \ --with-pcre \ --with-apr=/usr/local/apr \ --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ \ --enable-modules=most \ --enable-mpms-shared=all \ --with-mpm=prefork [root@xaii httpd-2.4.37]# make -j 4 配置过程略...... [root@xaii httpd-2.4.37]# make install 配置过程略......
//安装后的配置(添加环境变量,创建软连接,man文档)
[root@xaii ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh [root@xaii ~]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh [root@xaii ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/httpd [root@xaii ~]# echo 'MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man' >> /etc/man.config
//取消ServerName前面的注释
[root@xaii ~]# sed -i '/#ServerName/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//启动apache服务
[root@xaii ~]# apachectl start [root@xaii ~]# ss -antl |grep 80 LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::*
3.2 安装mysql
//安装依赖包
[root@xaii ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel 安装过程省略...... 作为依赖被安装: libarchive.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7_2 完毕!
//创建用户和组
[root@xaii ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql [root@xaii ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql
//将mysql压缩包解压至/usr/local/,并创建软连接
[root@xaii src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@xaii src]# cd /usr/local/ [root@xaii local]# ls apache apr-util etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share apr bin games lib libexec sbin src [root@xaii local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql "mysql" -> "mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/" [root@xaii local]# ll 总用量 0 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 152 2月 20 15:07 apache drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 2月 20 15:00 apr drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 2月 20 15:04 apr-util drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 libexec lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 2月 20 15:26 mysql -> mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 2月 20 15:24 mysql-5.7.23-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 1月 17 22:15 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 3月 10 2016 src
//修改目录/usr/local/mysql的属主属组
[root@xaii ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
//添加环境变量
[root@xaii ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@xaii ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@xaii ~]# echo $PATH /usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
//建立数据存放目录
[root@xaii ~]# mkdir /opt/data [root@xaii ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/ [root@xaii ~]# ll /opt/ 总用量 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 2月 20 15:30 data
//初始化数据库
[root@xaii ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/ 2019-02-20T07:31:58.480376Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2019-02-20T07:32:01.076333Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2019-02-20T07:32:01.329100Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2019-02-20T07:32:01.741364Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 9cf9ccfb-34e1-11e9-839d-000c29758baa. 2019-02-20T07:32:02.103007Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2019-02-20T07:32:02.103909Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: gnefEHu*g3to [root@xaii ~]# echo 'gnefEHu*g3to' > passwd //请注意,这个命令的最后会生成一个临时密码,此处密码是gnefEHu*g3to //再次注意,这个密码是随机的,一定要记住这个密码,因为一会登录时会用到,所以最好将它写入到一个文件中,防止遗忘
//配置mysql
[root@xaii ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql "/usr/local/include/mysql" -> "/usr/local/mysql/include/" [root@xaii ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf [root@xaii ~]# ldconfig
//生成配置文件
[root@xaii ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /opt/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid user = mysql skip-name-resolve EOF
//配置服务启动脚本
[root@xaii ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@xaii ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@xaii ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld
//启动mysql
[root@xaii ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/xaii.err'. SUCCESS! [root@xaii ~]# ss -atnl|grep 3306 LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
//修改密码
//使用刚才的临时密码登录
[root@xaii ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.23 Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
//设置新密码
mysql> set password = password('lizhao123!'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
3. 20000 3 安装php
//配置yum源
[root@xaii ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@xaii yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo [root@xaii ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo [root@xaii ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo [root@xaii ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@xaii ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm 安装过程省略......
//安装依赖包
[root@xaii ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel libpcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php72w-mysqlnd 安装过程省略......
//编译安装php
[root@xaii ~]# cd /usr/src/ [root@xaii src]# tar xf php-7.2.8.tar.xz [root@xaii src]# cd php-7.2.8 [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-config-file-path=/etc \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --disable-debug \ --disable-rpath \ --enable-shared \ --enable-soap \ --with-openssl \ --enable-bcmath \ --with-iconv \ --with-bz2 \ --enable-calendar \ --with-curl \ --enable-exif \ --enable-ftp \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-zlib-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-gettext \ --enable-json \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-pdo \ --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with-readline \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-simplexml \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-zip \ --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \ --with-pear \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-posix [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l) 编译过程省略...... [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# make install 编译过程省略......
//安装后配置
[root@xaii php-7.2.8]# [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# which php /usr/local/php7/bin/php [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# php -v PHP 7.2.8 (cli) (built: Feb 20 2019 15:58:54) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies
//配置php-fpm
[root@xaii php-7.2.8]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
//编辑php-fpm的配置文件(/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf)
//配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值
[root@xaii php-7.2.8]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@xaii php-7.2.8]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf ; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by: ; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument) ; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务 pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数 pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数
//启动php-fpm
[root@xaii ~]# service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done //默认情况下,fpm监听在127.0.0.1的9000端口,也可以使用如下命令验证其是否已经监听在相应的套接字 [root@xaii ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* [root@xaii ~]# ps -ef|grep -v grep|grep php root 74751 1 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf) nobody 74752 74751 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nobody 74753 74751 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nobody 74754 74751 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nobody 74755 74751 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www nobody 74756 74751 0 16:22 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
3.4 配置apache
3.4.1 启用代理模块
在apache httpd 2.4以后已经专门有一个模块针对FastCGI的实现,此模块为mod_proxy_fcgi.so,它其实是作为mod_proxy.so模块的扩展,因此,这两个模块都要加载,编辑httpd.conf文件,取消以下两行内容的注释:
- LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
- LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
//启用httpd的相关模块
[root@xaii ~]# sed -i '/proxy_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf [root@xaii ~]# sed -i '/proxy_fcgi_module/s/#//g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
3.4.2 配置虚拟主机
在需要使用fcgi的虚拟主机中添加类似如下两行:
- ProxyRequests Off //关闭正向代理
- ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/PATH/TO/DOCUMENT_ROOT/$1
例如:
ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/lizhao.com/$1
以上设置表示把以.php结尾的文件请求发送到php-fpm进程,php-fpm至少需要知道运行的目录和URI,所以这里直接在fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000后指明了这两个参数,其它参数的传递已经被mod_proxy_fcgi.so进行了封装,不需要手动指定。
注意:
这里写的 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ 是yum源安装方式生成的网页存放目录,这里必须改成你编译安装指定的网页存放路径,禁止直接复制我这里的路径
这里的 lizhao.com是域名,你必须改成你所使用的域名,禁止直接复制此处的域名
这里的$1表示匹配所有以.php结尾的http请求
//创建虚拟主机目录并生成php测试页面
[root@xaii ~]# mkdir /usr/local/apache/htdocs/lizhao.com [root@xaii ~]# cat > /usr/local/apache/htdocs/lizhao.com/index.php <<EOF > <?php > phpinfo(); > ?> > EOF [root@xaii ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/ap apache/ apr/ apr-util/ [root@xaii ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ [root@xaii ~]# ll /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ -d drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 42 2月 20 16:37 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/
//编辑apache的配置文件
[root@xaii ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf //在配置文件的最后加入以下内容 [root@xaii ~]# tail -12 /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/lizhao.com" ServerName www.lizhao.com ProxyRequests Off ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/lizhao.com/$1<Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/lizhao.com"> Options none AllowOverride none Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost>
//搜索AddType,添加以下内容
[root@xaii ~]# vim /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types: # AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行 [root@xaii ~]# sed -i '/ DirectoryIndex/s/index.html/index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd24/httpd.conf
//重启apache服务
[root@xaii ~]# apachectl restart [root@xaii ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*
3.5 验证
1. 修改/etc/hosts文件,添加域名与IP的映射
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc,用记事本打开hosts文件,添加以下内容: 192.168.157.59(本机IP地址) www.lizhao.com
2. 在浏览器上使用域名访问,若看到以下界面则表示lamp架构搭建成功,否则请检查你的操作
利用域名访问:
利用IP地址访问:
- 基于CentOS 6.8平台最新源代码包编译安装LAMP环境搭建(Apache+MySQL+PHP)
- LAMP(Linux Apache MySQL PHP)架构菜鸟快速搭建,基于Ubuntu
- LAMP(apache/httpd+mysql+php)环境/架构 一键安装脚本
- LAMP攻略: LAMP环境搭建,Linux下Apache,MySQL,PHP安装与配置
- 源码编译安装lamp(linux+apache+mysql+php)
- CentOS 源码编译安装LAMP(Apache MySQL PHP)
- Centos编译安装 LAMP (apache-2.4.7 + mysql-5.5.35 + php 5.5.8)+ Redis
- LAMP(linux下apache+mysql+php)平台编译安装的实现
- 编译安装LAMP:linux apache mysql php
- LAMP编译安装Apache Mysql php
- 编译安装httpd,php,mysql搭建LAMP
- LAMP攻略: LAMP环境搭建,Linux下Apache,MySQL,PHP安装与配置
- Centos5.9下编译安装LAMP(apache 2.4.4 mysql 5.6.10 php 5.4.12) 推荐
- LAMP架构的搭建(Linux+Nginx+MySQL+PHP源码安装 )+Discuz论坛的搭建
- ubuntu12.04下编译安装lamp(apache2.2.26 mysql5.5.36 php5.2.17)环境
- 年终福利,PHP7+Apache2.4+MySQL5.6 源码编译安装,环境配置,搭建你自己的LAMP环境
- linux——lamp简介,架构搭建,Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php
- LAMP编译安装之Apache+php+mysql
- rsyslog+loganalyzer+mysql+apache+php的lamp架构搭建日志服务器
- 我的LAMP源码编译安装linux+Apache+mysql+php