单元测试框架之unittest(五)

一、摘要

单元测试里很重要的一个部分就是断言，unittest为我们提供了很多断言方法

• assertEqual(a, b, msg=None)断言 a == b
• assertNotEqual(a, b, msg=None)断言  a != b
• assertTrue(expr, msg=None)断言  bool(expr) is True
• assertFalse(expr, msg=None)断言  bool(expr) is False
• assertIs(a, b, msg=None)断言  a is b
• assertIsNot(a, b, msg=None)断言  a is not b
• assertIsNone(expr, msg=None)断言  expr is None
• assertIsNotNone(expr, msg=None)断言  expr is not None
• assertIn(a, b, msg=None)断言  a in b
• assertNotIn(a, b, msg=None)断言  a not in b
• assertIsInstance(obj, cls, msg=None)断言 obj  is cls instance
• assertNotIsInstance(obj, cls, msg=None)断言 obj is not cls instance
• assertRaises(exc, fun, *args, **kwds)断言  fun(*args, **kwds) raises exc 否则抛出断言异常
• assertRaisesRegex(exc, r, fun, *args, **kwds) 断言  fun(*args, **kwds) raises exc and the exc message matches regex r 否则抛出断言异常

二、代码实例

# encoding = utf-8
import unittest
import random

#  被测试类
class ToBeTest(object):
@classmethod
def sum(cls, a, b):
return a + b

@classmethod
def div(cls, a, b):
return a/b

@classmethod
def return_none(cls):
return None

#  单元测试类
class TestToBeTest(unittest.TestCase):

# assertEqual()方法实例
def test_assertequal(self):
try:
a, b = 100, 200
sum = 300
# 断言a+b等于sum
self.assertEqual(a + b, sum, '断言失败，%s+%s != %s ' %(a, b, sum))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertNotEqual()方法实例
def test_assertnotequal(self):
try:
a, b = 100, 200
res = -1000
# 断言a-b不等于res
self.assertNotEqual(a - b, res, '断言失败，%s-%s != %s ' %(a, b, res))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertTure()方法实例
def test_asserttrue(self):
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
list2 = [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
list3 = list1[::-1]
print(list3)
try:
# 断言表达式为真
self.assertTrue(list3 == list2, "表达式为假")
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertFalse()方法实例
def test_assertfalse(self):
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
list2 = [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
list3 = list1[::-1]
try:
#  断言表达式为假
self.assertFalse(list3 == list1, "表达式为真")
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertIs()方法实例
def test_assertis(self):
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
list2 = list1
try:
# 断言list2和list1属于同一个对象
self.assertIs(list1, list2, "%s 与 %s 不属于同一对象" % (list1, list2))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertIsNot()方法实例
def test_assertisnot(self):
list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
list2 = [10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1]
try:
# 断言list2和list1不属于同一个对象
self.assertIsNot(list2, list1, "%s 与 %s 属于同一对象" % (list1, list2))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertIsNone()方法实例
def test_assertisnone(self):
try:
results = ToBeTest.return_none()
# 断言表达式结果是none
self.assertIsNone(results, "is not none")
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertIsNotNone()方法实例
def test_assertisnotnone(self):
try:
results = ToBeTest.sum(4, 5)
# 断言表达式结果不是none
self.assertIsNotNone(results, "is none")
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertIn()方法实例
def test_assertin(self):
try:
str1 = "this is unit test demo"
str2 = "demo"
# 断言str2包含在str1中
self.assertIn(str2, str1, "%s 不被包含在 %s中" %(str2, str1))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertNotIn()方法实例
def test_assertnotin(self):
try:
str1 = "this is unit test demo"
str2 = "ABC"
# 断言str2不包含在str1中
self.assertNotIn(str2, str1, "%s 包含在 %s 中" % (str2, str1))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertIsInstance()方法实例
def test_assertisinstance(self):
try:
o = ToBeTest
k = object
# 断言测试对象o是k的类型
self.assertIsInstance(o, k, "%s的类型不是%s" % (o, k))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertNotIsInstance()方法实例
def test_assertnotisinstance(self):
try:
o = ToBeTest
k = int
# 断言测试对象o不是k的类型
self.assertNotIsInstance(o, k, "%s 的类型是%s" % (o, k))
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

# assertRaises()方法实例
def test_assertraises(self):
# 测试抛出指定的异常类型
# assertRaises(exception)
with self.assertRaises(TypeError) as exc:
random.sample([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], "j")
# 打印详细的异常信息
print(exc.exception)
# assertRaises(exception, callable, *args, **kwds)
try:
self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError, ToBeTest.div, 3, 0)
except ZeroDivisionError as e:
print(e)

# assertRaisesRegexp()方法实例
def test_assertraisesregex(self):
# 测试抛出指定的异常类型，并用正则表达式去匹配异常信息
# assertRaisesRegex(exception, regexp)
with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "literal") as exc:
int("abc")
# 打印详细的异常信息
print(exc.exception)

# assertRaisesRegex(exception, regexp, callable, *args, **kwds)
try:
self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'invalid literal for.*\'abc\'$', int, 'abc')
except AssertionError as e:
print(e)

if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()