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从字节码看java类型转换【 深入理解 (T[]) new Object[size] 】

2018-11-18 18:55 411 查看

  我们都知道,java中对类型的检查是很严格的,所以我们平操作时,也往往很小心。

  如题: (T[]) new Object[size],这种写法是一般我们是不会干的!但是有点经验的同学,还是会遇到这样写的。那么,今天咱们就来看看,像这样的写法对不对,也顺便深入理解java的类型转换机制吧!

问题1: 如题 (T[]) new Object[size]  的写法对不对?

  答案是肯定的,没毛病。

  为啥呢? 因为 java 的泛型只是语法糖,在java编译后,就不见了,到最后都会转为 object 类型的中间类型,所以,没毛病!

问题2: 如题所示的变量,能直接使用吗?

  答案待定。不过,我们写的代码应该是不会有什么问题了!如下:

MyObjClz[] clzArr = getT();    // 直接获取变量,编译不报错

  然后,由于看起来没毛病,我们就可以坑哧坑哧写后续代码了!

  然而事实证明,这是错的!为啥呢? 你应该知道了,这里有类型转换错误!

  好吧,从这里我们得到一个教训,正向没问题的东西,不代表反向也没问题!

  既然整个数组获取回来,会发生类型转换错误,那么我们可以想办法避开这个问题,比如我一个元素一个元素的获取,应该就没问题了吧。因为我们明确知道内部元素的具体类型,而我们只是做了一个 object 的中间转换而已,所以理论正确。比如:

MyObjClz clz1 = getT()[0];    // 我只获取第一个就行了,因为 整个数组转换已经不OK

  嗯,IDE还是不会报错的,我们又可以坑哧坑哧写代码了。

  糟糕,运行还是异常了!哎,既然都会导致报错,那为嘛要搞这种语法呢?让我们继续看!

问题3:我们到底怎样才可以使用如题创建的变量?

  其实和我们上面最后一个解题思路是一致的,整个数组类型转换是不可能了,那就单个转呗!不过,这个单个是要从源头开始。即示例如下:

MyObjClz clz1 = getTOne(i);    // 直接让方法返回 单个元素

  如上,运行妥妥的,我们终于可以安心睡觉了。但是为啥呢?让我们继续!

问题4:如题所示的语法到底有啥用?

  额,还是很有用的!比如: ArrayList<E>, ArrayQueue<T>, 等等,里面所支持的泛型,最终都会使用到Object 来进行变量保存的,因为既然是泛型,也就是说,在写代码的时候,是不会知道变量类型的,不知道类型自然是保存不了变量的。所以必须使用 Object[] !

下面来看个应用的例子(可以想像为一个栈队列):

1 public class ObjectCastToAnother {
2     public static void main(String[] args) {
3
4         ArrayAGeneric<User> arrayAGeneric = new ArrayAGeneric<>();
5         arrayAGeneric.push(new User());
6         arrayAGeneric.push(new User());
7         // 正确的使用姿势,返回一个元素,直接使用
8         User us1 = arrayAGeneric.pop();
9         System.out.println("us1: " + us1);
10         // 如下是反而教材,这句是会报错的
11         User us2 = arrayAGeneric.getQueue()[0];
12         System.out.println("us2: " + us2);
13     }
14 }
15
16 class ArrayAGeneric<T> {
17     private T[] queue;
18     private int tail = 0;
19     public ArrayAGeneric() {
20         System.out.println("gen ok");
21         queue = newArray(10);
22     }
23
24     private T[] newArray(int size) {
25         System.out.println("new array T[]");
26         return (T[]) new Object[size];
27     }
28
29     public void push(T u) {
30         queue[tail++] = u;
31     }
32
33     public T pop() {
34         return queue[--tail];
35     }
36
37     public T[] getQueue() {
38         return queue;
39     }
40 }

  例子一看就懂,就是一个简单的 插入元素,获取元素,使用而已。但是我们的目的是来分析,为什么两种简单的使用,一个会报错,而另一个不会报错,以及 (T[]) new Object[x]为啥不会报错!即如下:

User us = arrayAGeneric.pop();                // 正确
User us2 = arrayAGeneric.getQueue()[0];        // 错误
return (T[]) new Object[size];                // 什么操作?

  看起来差距只在是由谁来取元素的问题了!那么,到底是不是这样呢?(java理论书上肯定有确切的答案)

那我们换个思路来看问题,然后java代码看不出差别,那么,我们是不是可以换成另一种方式来查看呢?是的,class字节码文件。

反编译一下,会得到两个文件:

javap -verbose -p ObjectCastToAnnother.class  # 反编译class

1. main 文件

1 Classfile /D:/www/java/target/classes/com/xxx/tester/ObjectCastToAnnother.class
2   Last modified 2018-11-18; size 1398 bytes
3   MD5 checksum 8a1815ea41426d67e1a4b68bed4ca914
4   Compiled from "ObjectCastToAnnother.java"
5 public class com.xxx.tester.ObjectCastToAnnother
6   minor version: 0
7   major version: 52
8   flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
9 Constant pool:
10    #1 = Methodref          #20.#41        // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
11    #2 = Class              #42            // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric
12    #3 = Methodref          #2.#41         // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric."<init>":()V
13    #4 = Class              #43            // com/xxx/pojo/user/User
14    #5 = Methodref          #4.#41         // com/xxx/pojo/user/User."<init>":()V
15    #6 = Methodref          #2.#44         // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.push:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
16    #7 = Methodref          #2.#45         // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.pop:()Ljava/lang/Object;
17    #8 = Fieldref           #46.#47        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
18    #9 = Class              #48            // java/lang/StringBuilder
19   #10 = Methodref          #9.#41         // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
20   #11 = String             #49            // us1:
21   #12 = Methodref          #9.#50         // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
22   #13 = Methodref          #9.#51         // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
23   #14 = Methodref          #9.#52         // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
24   #15 = Methodref          #53.#54        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
25   #16 = Methodref          #2.#55         // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.getQueue:()[Ljava/lang/Object;
26   #17 = Class              #56            // "[Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;"
27   #18 = String             #57            // us2:
28   #19 = Class              #58            // com/xxx/tester/ObjectCastToAnnother
29   #20 = Class              #59            // java/lang/Object
30   #21 = Utf8               <init>
31   #22 = Utf8               ()V
32   #23 = Utf8               Code
33   #24 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
34   #25 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
35   #26 = Utf8               this
36   #27 = Utf8               Lcom/xxx/tester/ObjectCastToAnnother;
37   #28 = Utf8               main
38   #29 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
39   #30 = Utf8               args
40   #31 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
41   #32 = Utf8               arrayAGeneric
42   #33 = Utf8               Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
43   #34 = Utf8               us
44   #35 = Utf8               Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;
45   #36 = Utf8               us2
46   #37 = Utf8               LocalVariableTypeTable
47   #38 = Utf8               Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;>;
48   #39 = Utf8               SourceFile
49   #40 = Utf8               ObjectCastToAnnother.java
50   #41 = NameAndType        #21:#22        // "<init>":()V
51   #42 = Utf8               com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric
52   #43 = Utf8               com/xxx/pojo/user/User
53   #44 = NameAndType        #60:#61        // push:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
54   #45 = NameAndType        #62:#63        // pop:()Ljava/lang/Object;
55   #46 = Class              #64            // java/lang/System
56   #47 = NameAndType        #65:#66        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
57   #48 = Utf8               java/lang/StringBuilder
58   #49 = Utf8               us1:
59   #50 = NameAndType        #67:#68        // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
60   #51 = NameAndType        #67:#69        // append:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
61   #52 = NameAndType        #70:#71        // toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
62   #53 = Class              #72            // java/io/PrintStream
63   #54 = NameAndType        #73:#74        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
64   #55 = NameAndType        #75:#76        // getQueue:()[Ljava/lang/Object;
65   #56 = Utf8               [Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;
66   #57 = Utf8               us2:
67   #58 = Utf8               com/xxx/tester/ObjectCastToAnnother
68   #59 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
69   #60 = Utf8               push
70   #61 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
71   #62 = Utf8               pop
72   #63 = Utf8               ()Ljava/lang/Object;
73   #64 = Utf8               java/lang/System
74   #65 = Utf8               out
75   #66 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
76   #67 = Utf8               append
77   #68 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
78   #69 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
79   #70 = Utf8               toString
80   #71 = Utf8               ()Ljava/lang/String;
81   #72 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
82   #73 = Utf8               println
83   #74 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
84   #75 = Utf8               getQueue
85   #76 = Utf8               ()[Ljava/lang/Object;
86 {
87   public com.xxx.tester.ObjectCastToAnnother();
88     descriptor: ()V
89     flags: ACC_PUBLIC
90     Code:
91       stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
92          0: aload_0
93          1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
94          4: return
95       LineNumberTable:
96         line 8: 0
97       LocalVariableTable:
98         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
99             0       5     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ObjectCastToAnnother;
100
101   public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
102     descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
103     flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
104     Code:
105       stack=3, locals=4, args_size=1
106          0: new           #2                  // class com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric
107          3: dup
108          4: invokespecial #3                  // Method com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric."<init>":()V
109          7: astore_1
110          8: aload_1
111          9: new           #4                  // class com/xxx/pojo/user/User
112         12: dup
113         13: invokespecial #5                  // Method com/xxx/pojo/user/User."<init>":()V
114         16: invokevirtual #6                  // Method com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.push:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
115         19: aload_1
116         20: new           #4                  // class com/xxx/pojo/user/User
117         23: dup
118         24: invokespecial #5                  // Method com/xxx/pojo/user/User."<init>":()V
119         27: invokevirtual #6                  // Method com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.push:(Ljava/lang/Object;)V
120         30: aload_1
121         31: invokevirtual #7                  // Method com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.pop:()Ljava/lang/Object;
122         34: checkcast     #4                  // class com/xxx/pojo/user/User
123         37: astore_2
124         38: getstatic     #8                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
125         41: new           #9                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
126         44: dup
127         45: invokespecial #10                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
128         48: ldc           #11                 // String us1:
129         50: invokevirtual #12                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
130         53: aload_2
131         54: invokevirtual #13                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
132         57: invokevirtual #14                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
133         60: invokevirtual #15                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
134         63: aload_1
135         64: invokevirtual #16                 // Method com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.getQueue:()[Ljava/lang/Object;
136         67: checkcast     #17                 // class "[Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;"
137         70: iconst_0
138         71: aaload
139         72: astore_3
140         73: getstatic     #8                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
141         76: new           #9                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
142         79: dup
143         80: invokespecial #10                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
144         83: ldc           #18                 // String us2:
145         85: invokevirtual #12                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
146         88: aload_3
147         89: invokevirtual #13                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
148         92: invokevirtual #14                 // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
149         95: invokevirtual #15                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
150         98: return
151       LineNumberTable:
152         line 11: 0
153         line 12: 8
154         line 13: 19
155         line 14: 30
156         line 15: 38
157         line 16: 63
158         line 17: 73
159         line 18: 98
160       LocalVariableTable:
161         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
162             0      99     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
163             8      91     1 arrayAGeneric   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
164            38      61     2    us   Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;
165            73      26     3   us2   Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;
166       LocalVariableTypeTable:
167         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
168             8      91     1 arrayAGeneric   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;>;
169 }
170 SourceFile: "ObjectCastToAnnother.java"

 2. ArrayAGeneric 文件

1 Classfile /D:/www/java/target/classes/com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.class
2   Last modified 2018-11-18; size 1390 bytes
3   MD5 checksum fc9f7f9311bf542d9f1b03e39e32aba8
4   Compiled from "ObjectCastToAnnother.java"
5 class com.xxx.tester.ArrayAGeneric<T extends java.lang.Object> extends java.lang.Object
6   minor version: 0
7   major version: 52
8   flags: ACC_SUPER
9 Constant pool:
10    #1 = Methodref          #9.#46         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
11    #2 = Fieldref           #11.#47        // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.tail:I
12    #3 = Fieldref           #48.#49        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
13    #4 = String             #50            // gen ok
14    #5 = Methodref          #51.#52        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
15    #6 = Methodref          #11.#53        // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.newArray:(I)[Ljava/lang/Object;
16    #7 = Fieldref           #11.#54        // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.queue:[Ljava/lang/Object;
17    #8 = String             #55            // new array T[]
18    #9 = Class              #56            // java/lang/Object
19   #10 = Class              #13            // "[Ljava/lang/Object;"
20   #11 = Class              #57            // com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric
21   #12 = Utf8               queue
22   #13 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/Object;
23   #14 = Utf8               Signature
24   #15 = Utf8               [TT;
25   #16 = Utf8               tail
26   #17 = Utf8               I
27   #18 = Utf8               <init>
28   #19 = Utf8               ()V
29   #20 = Utf8               Code
30   #21 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
31   #22 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
32   #23 = Utf8               this
33   #24 = Utf8               Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
34   #25 = Utf8               LocalVariableTypeTable
35   #26 = Utf8               Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<TT;>;
36   #27 = Utf8               newArray
37   #28 = Utf8               (I)[Ljava/lang/Object;
38   #29 = Utf8               size
39   #30 = Utf8               (I)[TT;
40   #31 = Utf8               push
41   #32 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
42   #33 = Utf8               u
43   #34 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/Object;
44   #35 = Utf8               TT;
45   #36 = Utf8               (TT;)V
46   #37 = Utf8               pop
47   #38 = Utf8               ()Ljava/lang/Object;
48   #39 = Utf8               ()TT;
49   #40 = Utf8               getQueue
50   #41 = Utf8               ()[Ljava/lang/Object;
51   #42 = Utf8               ()[TT;
52   #43 = Utf8               <T:Ljava/lang/Object;>Ljava/lang/Object;
53   #44 = Utf8               SourceFile
54   #45 = Utf8               ObjectCastToAnnother.java
55   #46 = NameAndType        #18:#19        // "<init>":()V
56   #47 = NameAndType        #16:#17        // tail:I
57   #48 = Class              #58            // java/lang/System
58   #49 = NameAndType        #59:#60        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
59   #50 = Utf8               gen ok
60   #51 = Class              #61            // java/io/PrintStream
61   #52 = NameAndType        #62:#63        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
62   #53 = NameAndType        #27:#28        // newArray:(I)[Ljava/lang/Object;
63   #54 = NameAndType        #12:#13        // queue:[Ljava/lang/Object;
64   #55 = Utf8               new array T[]
65   #56 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
66   #57 = Utf8               com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric
67   #58 = Utf8               java/lang/System
68   #59 = Utf8               out
69   #60 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
70   #61 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
71   #62 = Utf8               println
72   #63 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
73 {
74   private T[] queue;
75     descriptor: [Ljava/lang/Object;
76     flags: ACC_PRIVATE
77     Signature: #15                          // [TT;
78
79   private int tail;
80     descriptor: I
81     flags: ACC_PRIVATE
82
83   public com.xxx.tester.ArrayAGeneric();
84     descriptor: ()V
85     flags: ACC_PUBLIC
86     Code:
87       stack=3, locals=1, args_size=1
88          0: aload_0
89          1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
90          4: aload_0
91          5: iconst_0
92          6: putfield      #2                  // Field tail:I
93          9: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
94         12: ldc           #4                  // String gen ok
95         14: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
96         17: aload_0
97         18: aload_0
98         19: bipush        10
99         21: invokespecial #6                  // Method newArray:(I)[Ljava/lang/Object;
100         24: putfield      #7                  // Field queue:[Ljava/lang/Object;
101         27: return
102       LineNumberTable:
103         line 24: 0
104         line 23: 4
105         line 25: 9
106         line 26: 17
107         line 27: 27
108       LocalVariableTable:
109         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
110             0      28     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
111       LocalVariableTypeTable:
112         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
113             0      28     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<TT;>;
114
115   private T[] newArray(int);
116     descriptor: (I)[Ljava/lang/Object;
117     flags: ACC_PRIVATE
118     Code:
119       stack=2, locals=2, args_size=2
120          0: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
121          3: ldc           #8                  // String new array T[]
122          5: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
123          8: iload_1
124          9: anewarray     #9                  // class java/lang/Object
125         12: checkcast     #10                 // class "[Ljava/lang/Object;"
126         15: areturn
127       LineNumberTable:
128         line 30: 0
129         line 31: 8
130       LocalVariableTable:
131         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
132             0      16     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
133             0      16     1  size   I
134       LocalVariableTypeTable:
135         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
136             0      16     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<TT;>;
137     Signature: #30                          // (I)[TT;
138
139   public void push(T);
140     descriptor: (Ljava/lang/Object;)V
141     flags: ACC_PUBLIC
142     Code:
143       stack=5, locals=2, args_size=2
144          0: aload_0
145          1: getfield      #7                  // Field queue:[Ljava/lang/Object;
146          4: aload_0
147          5: dup
148          6: getfield      #2                  // Field tail:I
149          9: dup_x1
150         10: iconst_1
151         11: iadd
152         12: putfield      #2                  // Field tail:I
153         15: aload_1
154         16: aastore
155         17: return
156       LineNumberTable:
157         line 35: 0
158         line 36: 17
159       LocalVariableTable:
160         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
161             0      18     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
162             0      18     1     u   Ljava/lang/Object;
163       LocalVariableTypeTable:
164         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
165             0      18     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<TT;>;
166             0      18     1     u   TT;
167     Signature: #36                          // (TT;)V
168
169   public T pop();
170     descriptor: ()Ljava/lang/Object;
171     flags: ACC_PUBLIC
172     Code:
173       stack=4, locals=1, args_size=1
174          0: aload_0
175          1: getfield      #7                  // Field queue:[Ljava/lang/Object;
176          4: aload_0
177          5: dup
178          6: getfield      #2                  // Field tail:I
179          9: iconst_1
180         10: isub
181         11: dup_x1
182         12: putfield      #2                  // Field tail:I
183         15: aaload
184         16: areturn
185       LineNumberTable:
186         line 39: 0
187       LocalVariableTable:
188         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
189             0      17     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
190       LocalVariableTypeTable:
191         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
192             0      17     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<TT;>;
193     Signature: #39                          // ()TT;
194
195   public T[] getQueue();
196     descriptor: ()[Ljava/lang/Object;
197     flags: ACC_PUBLIC
198     Code:
199       stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
200          0: aload_0
201          1: getfield      #7                  // Field queue:[Ljava/lang/Object;
202          4: areturn
203       LineNumberTable:
204         line 43: 0
205       LocalVariableTable:
206         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
207             0       5     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric;
208       LocalVariableTypeTable:
209         Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
210             0       5     0  this   Lcom/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric<TT;>;
211     Signature: #42                          // ()[TT;
212 }
213 Signature: #43                          // <T:Ljava/lang/Object;>Ljava/lang/Object;
214 SourceFile: "ObjectCastToAnnother.java"

其实从 main 文件中已经看出端倪,第120~123行,即 us1 赋值的地方:

30: aload_1
31: invokevirtual #7                  // Method com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.pop:()Ljava/lang/Object;
34: checkcast     #4                  // class com/xxx/pojo/user/User
37: astore_2

这里看到,有一个 checkcast 的指令,即是进行类型转换检查,而本身的 pop() 后的元素类型一致,因此运行OK!

我们来看下一取值方式,第134~138行,即 us2 赋值的地方:

63: aload_1
64: invokevirtual #16                 // Method com/xxx/tester/ArrayAGeneric.getQueue:()[Ljava/lang/Object;
67: checkcast     #17                 // class "[Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User;"
70: iconst_0
71: aaload

   看到了吧,关键的地方: checkcast class "[Lcom/xxx/pojo/user/User", 即将获取到的值进行 数组类型的转换检查,如此检查,自然是通不过的了。所以,理解了吧,是因为,数组元素的获取顺序为先进行类型转换,然后再获取元素值!

  现在,还剩下一个问题: 为什么通过 getOne() 的形式,代码就是可行的呢?

  这个问题的答案,在 ArrayAGeneric 的文件中,可以轻松找到答案:

ArrayAGeneric 文件,第 174~184行:

0: aload_0
1: getfield      #7                  // Field queue:[Ljava/lang/Object;
4: aload_0
5: dup
6: getfield      #2                  // Field tail:I
9: iconst_1
10: isub
11: dup_x1
12: putfield      #2                  // Field tail:I
15: aaload
16: areturn

  可以看出来,这里就只是一个数组元素的获取过程,返回类型为 Object, 而此 Object 的原始类型即是泛型指定的。因此,在外部进行转换自然也不会错!

好了,到此,疑问已经得到回答。是类型转换的检查时机导致了我们的代码错误。

另外,我们还可以继续看一下  newArray() 的代码:

0: getstatic     #3                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: ldc           #8                  // String new array T[]
5: invokevirtual #5                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
8: iload_1
9: anewarray     #9                  // class java/lang/Object
12: checkcast     #10                 // class "[Ljava/lang/Object;"
15: areturn

  这里也可以明显的看出, T[] 其实就是 Object[] 。

      数组类型的强转要特别注意,其向上转型是ok的,向下转型则是不被允许的,因为继承的关系,父类不能保证所有的所有的元素都能强制转换(元素可以是指定类型的任意子类),所以干脆杜绝了所有的向下转型了!(我猜应该是出于性能的考虑)

  完。

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