Nginx+keepalived双机热备
2018-11-14 19:27
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Nginx+keepalived双机热备
标签(空格分隔):linux,nginx,keepalived
Keepalived介绍
Keepalived 是一种高性能的服务器高可用或热备解决方案,Keepalived可以用来防止服务器单点故障(单点故障是指一旦某一点出现故障就会导致整个系统架构的不可用)的发生,通过配合Nginx可以实现web前端服务的高可用。
Keepalived实现的基础是VRRP协议,Keepalived就是巧用VRRP协议来实现高可用性(HA)的.
VRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)协议是用于实现路由器冗余的协议,VRRP协议将两台或多台路由器设备虚拟成一个设备,对外提供虚拟路由器ip(一个或多个),而在路由器组内部,如果实际拥有这个对外IP的路由器如果工作正常的话就是MASTER,或者是通过算法选举产生,MASTER实现针对虚拟路由器IP的各种网络功能,如arp请求,ICMP,以及数据的转发等;其他设备不拥有该IP,状态是BACKUP,除了接收MASTER的VRRP状态通告信息外,不执行对外的网络功能。当主机失效时,BACKUP将接管原先MASTER的网络功能。
VRRP协议使用多播数据来传输VRRP数据,VRRP数据使用特殊的虚拟源MAC地址发送数据而不是自身网卡的MAC地址,VRRP运行时只有MASTER路由器定时发送VRRP通告信息,表示MASTER工作正常以及虚拟路由器IP(组),BACKUP只接收VRRP数据,不发送数据,如果一定时间内没有接收到MASTER的通告信息,各BACKUP将宣告自己成为MASTER,发送通告信息,重新进行MASTER选举状态。
安装Keepalived
cd /home wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.18.tar.gz cd keepalived-1.2.18/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived make && make install cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ 复制keepalived启动文件到默认路径,也可以通过设置环境变量的path实现 cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ 复制服务启动脚本到,以便可以通过service控制keepalived服务 cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ 复制keepalived服务脚本到默认的地址,也通过修改init.d/keepalived文件中的相应配置实现 mkdir -p /etc/etc/keepalived/ cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 复制默认配置文件到默认路径,其实也可以在/etc/init.d/keepalived中设置路径 chkconfig keepalived on 开机启动服务
环境
主: 192.168.135.128 从: 192.168.135.143 虚拟IP: 192.168.135.211
主服务器配置
global_defs { # 路由节点 host对应 127.0.0.1 nginx_master router_id nginx_master } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh" #在这里添加脚本链接 interval 2 #脚本执行间隔 weight -20 #脚本结果导致的优先级变更 } vrrp_instance VI_NODE { state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 100 mcast_src_ip 192.168.135.128 # 主 ip priority 100 # 初始值权重 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 123456 } track_script { chk_http_port #添加脚本执行 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.135.211 # 虚拟IP } }
从服务器配置
global_defs { # 路由节点 路由节点 host对应 127.0.0.1 nginx_slave router_id nginx_slave } vrrp_script chk_http_port { script "/usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh" #在这里添加脚本链接 interval 2 #脚本执行间隔 weight -20 #脚本结果导致的优先级变更 } vrrp_instance VI_NODE { state BACKUP interface eth1 # 网卡 ip a 查看 virtual_router_id 100 mcast_src_ip 192.168.135.143 # 从IP priority 80 # 初始值权重 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS # 验证方式 auth_pass 123456 # 密码 } track_script { chk_http_port #添加脚本执行 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.135.211 # 虚拟IP } }
nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash A=`ps -C nginx –no-header |wc -l` if [ $A -eq 0 ];then /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx #nginx命令的路径 sleep 3 if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then killall keepalived fi fi
注意点:
1 虚拟ip要根据网卡设定
2 nginx.sh 加权限 chmod +x /nginx.sh 3 priority 80 这个权重注意下
效果
1 开启主和从的keep和nginx service keepalived start ./nginx
2 关闭主nginx服务
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