数据结构之栈的基本操作

本文章包括了栈的创建，初始化，入栈，出栈，清除，销毁，大小等

+栈的应用（进制转换）

• 栈的创建

[code]typedef struct SqStack
{
ElemType *bottom;//栈底指针
ElemType *top;//栈顶指针
int stacksize;//当前大小
}SqStack;

• 栈的初始化

[code]void Init_Stack(SqStack *S)
{

S->bottom=(ElemType *)malloc(STACK_SIZE*sizeof(ElemType));
if(!S->bottom)//n没有内存时 退出
exit (0);
S->top=S->bottom;//初始化，栈顶和栈底指向同一处
S->stacksize=STACK_SIZE;栈的大小
}

• 入栈

[code]void Push_Stack(SqStack *S,ElemType e)
{
if(S->top-S->bottom>=S->stacksize-1)//栈满时
{
S->bottom=(ElemType *)realloc(S->bottom,(STACKINCREMENT+S->stacksize)*sizeof(ElemType));
if(!S->bottom)//没有内存时退出
exit (0);
S->top=S->bottom+S->stacksize;栈顶指针指向
S->stacksize+=STACKINCREMENT;栈的大小

}
*(S->top)=e;将值赋给栈顶指针所指位置
S->top++;栈顶指针上移
}

• 出栈

[code]void Pop_Stack(SqStack *S,ElemType *e)
{
if(S->top==S->bottom)//栈为空时
exit (0);
S->top--;//下移栈顶指针
*e=*(S->top);//赋值
}

• 清除一个栈

[code]void Clear_Stack(SqStack *S)
{
S->top=S->bottom;//将栈顶指针指向栈底
}

• 销毁一个栈

[code]void Destroy_Stack(SqStack *S)
{
int i,len;
len=S->stacksize;//目前栈的大小
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
free(S->bottom);//一一释放
S.bottom++;
}
S->bottom=S->top=NULL;//将栈顶指针和栈底指针都指向空
S->stacksize=0;//大小赋值为0
}

• 进制转换

[code]#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>

#define STACK_SIZE 100
#define STACKINCREMENT 10

typedef char ElemType;

typedef struct SqStack
{
ElemType *bottom;
ElemType *top;
int stacksize;
}SqStack;

void Init_Stack(SqStack *S)//栈的初始化
{

S->bottom=(ElemType *)malloc(STACK_SIZE*sizeof(ElemType));
if(!S->bottom)
exit (0);
S->top=S->bottom;
S->stacksize=STACK_SIZE;
}

void Push_Stack(SqStack *S,ElemType e)//入栈
{
if(S->top-S->bottom>=S->stacksize-1)
{
S->bottom=(ElemType *)realloc(S->bottom,(STACKINCREMENT+S->stacksize)*sizeof(ElemType));
if(!S->bottom)
exit (0);
S->top=S->bottom+S->stacksize;
S->stacksize+=STACKINCREMENT;

}
*(S->top)=e;
S->top++;
}

void Pop_Stack(SqStack *S,ElemType *e)//出栈
{
if(S->top==S->bottom)
exit (0);
S->top--;
*e=*(S->top);
}

void Clear_Stack(SqStack *S)//清除一个栈
{
S->top=S->bottom;
}

void Destroy_Stack(SqStack *S)//销毁一个栈
{
int i,len;
len=S->stacksize;
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
free(S->bottom);
S.bottom++;
}
S->bottom=S->top=NULL;
S->stacksize=0;
}

int Len_Stack(SqStack S)
{
return (S.top-S.bottom);
}

int main()
{
ElemType c;
int i,len;
int sum=0;
SqStack S;
Init_Stack(&S);
printf("please input binary number:(# show end)\n");
scanf("%c",&c);
while(c!='#')
{
Push_Stack(&S,c);
scanf("%c",&c);
}
getchar();
len=Len_Stack(S);
for(i=0;i<len;i++)
{
Pop_Stack(&S,&c);
sum=sum+(c-48)*pow(2,i);//进制转换公式
}
printf("result=%d",sum);
return 0;
}

• 运行结果