springboot情操陶冶-@SpringBootApplication注解解析
2018-08-05 19:39
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@SpringBootApplication
该注解是springboot最集中的一个注解,也是应用最广泛的注解。官方也多用此注解以启动spring服务,我们看下其中的源码@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication { @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class) Class<?>[] exclude() default {}; @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class) String[] excludeName() default {}; @AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages") String[] scanBasePackages() default {}; @AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses") Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {}; }
通过上述代码可知,其整合了
@EnableAutoConfiguration和
@ComponentScan两个主要的注解,并以此作了默认的指定。
属性exclude和excludeName,其默认为空,指定的话最终由EnableAutoConfiguration.class来完成解析
属性scanBasePackages和scanBasePackageClasses,其默认为空,指定的话最终由ComponentScan.class来完成解析
默认情况下,以
@SpringBootApplication注解的所在类的包名作为beanDefinition扫描路径。
扫描过程中屏蔽META-INF\spring.factories文件中
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration属性指定的class集合
支持多个
@ComponentScan注解同时与
@SpringBootApplication注解搭配使用
@ComponentScan注解在前文中已了解的差不多了,笔者此处就针对@EnableAutoConfiguration注解作下详细的分析
@EnableAutoConfiguration
单纯从英文单词上看是开启自动注入的意思,具体的话笔者还是根据源码来解读。首先看下注解的源码@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration"; /** * Exclude specific auto-configuration classes such that they will never be applied. * @return the classes to exclude */ Class<?>[] exclude() default {}; /** * Exclude specific auto-configuration class names such that they will never be * applied. * @return the class names to exclude * @since 1.3.0 */ String[] excludeName() default {}; }
它用到了我们前文提及的@Import注解,所以我们关注所引入的AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class
AutoConfigurationImportSelector
其是DeferredImportSelector.class接口的实现类,此处我们直接查看复写的方法selectImports()@Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { // spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration属性读取,默认为true if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return NO_IMPORTS; } // read all META-INF\spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties files AutoConfigurationMetadata autoConfigurationMetadata = AutoConfigurationMetadataLoader .loadMetadata(this.beanClassLoader); // 获取相应类上@EnableAutoConfiguration对应的属性 AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata); // read all <org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration> properties from META-INF\spring.factories List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations); // read exclude/excludeName property or spring.autoconfigure.exclude property Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); // make sure the assignable exclusions are present in classpath and in configurations collection, or will throw exception checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); configurations.removeAll(exclusions); // filter the present configurations configurations = filter(configurations, autoConfigurationMetadata); // fire the AutoConfigurationImportEvent by AutoConfigurationImportListener.class fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); return StringUtils.toStringArray(configurations); }
对上述的步骤此处再作下总结
优先判断环境变量spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration,如果指定为false,则不引入任何类。默认为true
读取classpath环境下所有的META-INF\spring-autoconfigure-metadata.properties文件,加载其中的所有属性保存至autoConfigurationMetadata
获取相应类上@EnableAutoConfiguration对应的属性,其实也就是exclude属性和excludeName属性
读取classpath环境下所有的META-INF\spring.factories文件中的
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration属性,得到configurations集合
根据第三步读取的配置以及
spring.autoconfigure.exclude环境变量指定的配置,得到exclusions集合
确保exclusions集合是configurations集合的子集,以及exclusions集合内的class均是存在于classpath环境的。否则异常会抛出
根据上述的exclusions集合筛选出未被过滤的configurations集合。
根据第7点筛选出来的configurations集合,再在autoConfigurationMetadata的基础上针对
ConditionalOnClass属性筛选一轮
比如:org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration.ConditionalOnClass=org.springframework.cache.CacheManager
表示如果要应用CacheAutoConfiguration,则得保证org.springframework.cache.CacheManager类存在
触发AutoConfigurationImportEvent事件
返回筛选过后的configurations集合
笔者此处罗列下spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.0.3.REALEASE包中的
spring.factories中的EnableAutoConfiguration默认属性,属性太多,节选如下
# Auto Configure org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cloud.CloudAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\ ... org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\ ... org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\ ... org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\ org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration
当然用户也可以自定义去实现需要自动注入的配置类。
总结
@SpringBootApplication注解内含@EnableAutoConfiguration注解和@ComponentScan注解,所以这两个注解结合再搭配上@Configuration注解便可以实现springboot的相关功能了。在这之中,@EnableAutoConfiguration注解最为重要,其扩展性很好,方便springboot无缝对接不同的插件(NoSql插件、Web插件、JMX协议插件等等),读者需要好好分析。
下节预告
通过查阅上述的多个自动注解,发现用到了@Conditional和AutoConfigureAfter注解,都属于条件判断,在深入理解springboot整合其他插件前,必须对此两个注解有深刻的理解。相关文章推荐
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