LNMP架构介绍,MySQL安装,PHP安装,Nginx介绍
2018-07-04 11:41
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LNMP架构介绍
和lamp不同的是,提供web服务的是nginx
并且php是作为独立服务存在的,这个服务叫做php-fpm
Nginx直接处理静态请求,动态请求会转发给php-fpm
Ngeinx 设计初衷是提供一种快速、高效、多并发的web服务软件。在静态页面处理上,Nginx较Apache更胜一筹。但是在动态页面处理上,Nginx并不能比Apache有优势。但是目前还是有很多爱好者对Nginx比较热衷。随着Nginx技术的逐渐成熟,它在web服务软件领域的地位也会越来越高。MySQl安装
先到/usr/local/src下 然后去r.aminglinux.com找下载链接,然后wget下载[root@aminglinux-01 src]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
解压 tar zxvf mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
移动位置 mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@aminglinux-01 src]# mv mysql-5.6.35-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql [root@aminglinux-01 src]# ^C [root@aminglinux-01 src]# cd ../mysql/ [root@aminglinux-01 mysql]# ls bin COPYING data docs include lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files [root@aminglinux-01 mysql]#
创建mysql用户 创建/data/目录
useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql mkdir -p /data/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
初始化
[root@aminglinux-01 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
报错
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing scripts/mysql_install_db: Data::Dumper
安装yum install -y perl-Module-Install.noarch
报错Installing MySQL system tables.../usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: error while loading shared
原因:缺少libaio库文件 解决方法:yum install libaio* -y
copy配置文件
cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
然后vim /etc/my.cnf
定义如下:
datadir = /data/mysql # port = ..... # server_id = ..... socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
copy启动脚本
[root@aminglinux-01 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
编辑一下,有两个地方需要改
basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql
启动服务 /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@aminglinux-01 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/aminglinux-01.err'. . SUCCESS! [root@aminglinux-01 mysql]#
[root@aminglinux-01 mysql]# ps aux |grep mysql root 4080 0.0 0.1 113256 1612 pts/0 S 22:08 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/aminglinux-01.pid mysql 4215 2.0 44.9 973048 449532 pts/0 Sl 22:08 0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/aminglinux-01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/aminglinux-01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock root 4241 0.0 0.0 112664 976 pts/0 R+ 22:09 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@aminglinux-01 mysql]#
把mysql加入到服务行列 chkconfig --add mysqld
设置开机启动 chkconfig mysqld on
这时候就可以执行 service mysqld stop 或者 start 的命令了。
PHP安装
在lnmp里面php的安装和lamp安装是有差别的。在这里php需要开启php-fpm服务,是一个独立的存在。安装
cd /usr/local/src/
wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.30.tar.gz
解压 tar zxvf php-5.6.30.tar.gz
创建用户 useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm
cd php-5.6.30/
初始化
yum install -y epel-release
yum -y install gcc libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel libmcrypt-devel
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl
报错checking for cc... no
checking for gcc... no
yum install gcc -y
报错configure: error: xml2-config not found. Please check your libxml2 installation.
yum install libxml2-devel -y
报错configure: error: Cannot find OpenSSL's <evp.h>
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
报错configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -
easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/
yum install libcurl-devel -y
报错:configure: error: jpeglib.h not found.
yum install -y libjpeg-devel
报错:configure: error: png.h not found.
yum install -y libpng-devel
报错: configure: error: freetype-config not found.
yum install -y freetype-devel
报错: configure: error: mcrypt.h not found. Please reinstall libmcrypt.
yum install -y epel-release 先安装扩展源 yum install -y libmcrypt-devel
make && make install
报错:libtool: link: `ext/opcache/ZendAccelerator.lo' is not a valid libtool object
解决办法 # make distclean 重新初始化,安装
安装成功后,可以看一下这个目录,是启动php-fpm服务用的
[root@aminglinux-01 php-fpm]# cd /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/ [root@aminglinux-01 sbin]# ls php-fpm
/usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t 是测试它自己配置文件的语法有没有问题的
[root@aminglinux-01 sbin]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t [19-Oct-2017 09:58:56] ERROR: failed to open configuration file '/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf': No such file or directory (2) [19-Oct-2017 09:58:56] ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf' [19-Oct-2017 09:58:56] ERROR: FPM initialization failed [root@aminglinux-01 sbin]#
发现配置文件不存在,配置它,让服务起来。
cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.30/php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini
创建/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf
写入如下内容:
[global] pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock listen.mode = 666 user = php-fpm group = php-fpm pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024
cp启动脚本
[root@aminglinux-01 php-5.6.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
然后加到服务列表里去,首先要改权限,添加列表,开机启动
[root@aminglinux-01 php-5.6.30]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@aminglinux-01 php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --add php-fpm [root@aminglinux-01 php-5.6.30]# chkconfig php-fpm on
启动和查看
[root@aminglinux-01 php-5.6.30]# service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done [root@aminglinux-01 php-5.6.30]# ps aux |grep php-fpm root 73918 0.0 0.4 123548 4960 ? Ss 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf) php-fpm 73919 0.0 0.4 123548 4712 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73920 0.0 0.4 123548 4712 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73921 0.0 0.4 123548 4712 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73922 0.0 0.4 123548 4712 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73923 0.0 0.4 123548 4716 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73924 0.0 0.4 123548 4716 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73925 0.0 0.4 123548 4716 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73926 0.0 0.4 123548 4716 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73927 0.0 0.4 123548 4716 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73928 0.0 0.4 123548 4716 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73929 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73930 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73931 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73932 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73933 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73934 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73935 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73936 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73937 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 73938 0.0 0.4 123548 4720 ? S 10:31 0:00 php-fpm: pool www root 73940 0.0 0.0 112668 976 pts/0 R+ 10:31 0:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm [root@aminglinux-01 php-5.6.30]#
Nginx安装
到src下wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz解压:tar zxvf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.8.0
初始化 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make && make install
安装Nginx时报错 ./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library. 安装pcre-devel解决问题 yum -y install pcre-devel 错误提示:./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl=<path> options. 解决办法: yum -y install openssl openssl-devel 总结: yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx make make install 一切搞定
下面要给Nginx创建配置文件,还要做一个启动脚本
vim /etc/init.d/nginx 里面写入如下
#!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 30 21 # description: http service. # Source Function Library . /etc/init.d/functions # Nginx Settings NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" RETVAL=0 prog="Nginx" start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_temp daemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERM rm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_temp RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } reload() { echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUP RETVAL=$? echo return $RETVAL } restart() { stop start } configtest() { $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -t return 0 } case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; reload) reload ;; restart) restart ;; configtest) configtest ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}" RETVAL=1 esac exit $RETVAL
然后改权限,添加服务,设置开机自启
[root@aminglinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx [root@aminglinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chkconfig --add nginx [root@aminglinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# chkconfig nginx on
cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ 到这个目录里,配置一下nginx.conf,这里面已经有一个了,我们不用他,自己配置
[root@aminglinux-01 nginx-1.8.0]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ [root@aminglinux-01 conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak
编辑配置文件如下 vim nginx.conf
user nobody nobody; worker_processes 2; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 6000; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526; server_names_hash_max_size 4096; log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]' ' $host "$request_uri" $status' ' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 30; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; connection_pool_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 1k; large_client_header_buffers 8 4k; request_pool_size 4k; output_buffers 4 32k; postpone_output 1460; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp; proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp; fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 8k; gzip_comp_level 5; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; index index.html index.htm index.php; root /usr/local/nginx/html; location ~ \.php$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name; } } }
启动
检查配置是否正确 :/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
启动 : /etc/init.d/nginx start
[root@aminglinux-01 conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 确定 ] [root@aminglinux-01 conf]# ps aux |grep nginx root 77488 0.0 0.0 24828 792 ? Ss 22:08 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 77489 0.0 0.3 27272 3376 ? S 22:08 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 77490 0.0 0.3 27272 3376 ? S 22:08 0:00 nginx: worker process root 77492 0.0 0.0 112668 976 pts/0 S+ 22:09 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx [root@aminglinux-01 conf]#
[root@aminglinux-01 conf]# curl localhost <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> [root@aminglinux-01 conf]#
测试php解析
vi /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php //加入如下内容
<?php echo "test php scripts."; ?>
curl localhost/1.php
Nginx介绍
Nginx官网 nginx.org,最新版1.13,最新稳定版1.12Nginx应用场景:web服务、反向代理、负载均衡
Nginx著名分支,淘宝基于Nginx开发的Tengine,使用上和Nginx一致,服务名,配置文件名都一样,和Nginx的最大区别在于Tenging增加了一些定制化模块,在安全限速方面表现突出,另外它支持对js,css合并
Nginx核心+lua相关的组件和模块组成了一个支持lua的高性能web容器openresty,参考http://jinnianshilongnian.iteye.com/blog/2280928
扩展
Nginx为什么比Httpd高效:原理篇 http://www.toxingwang.com/linux-unix/linux-basic/1712.htmlmod_php 和 mod_fastcgi以及php-fpm的比较 http://dwz.cn/1lwMSd
概念了解:CGI,FastCGI,PHP-CGI与PHP-FPM http://www.nowamagic.net/librarys/veda/detail/1319/ https://www.awaimai.com/371.html
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