SpringCloud 入门
2018-06-14 07:00
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1. 入门概述
SpringBoot
专注于快速方便的开发单个个体微服务;SpringCloud
:关注全局的微服务协调治理框架,它将SpringBoot开发的一个个单体微服务整合并管理起来,
为各个微服务之间提供配置管理,服务发现,断路器,路由,微代理,事件总线,全局锁,决策竞选,分布式会话等等集成服务;
1.1 Dubbo和SpringCloud比较
- Dubbo服务调用方式:RPC
- SpringCloud服务调用方式:REST API
2. SpringCloud 之 Hello World
2.1 创建整体父工程Project(microservicecloud)
- 主要是定义POM文件,将后续各个子模块公用的jar包等统一提取出来,类似一个抽象父类;
// pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.0.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.0.31</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
2.2 创建公共子模块Module(microservicecloud-api)
// pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!-- 当前Module需要用到的jar包,按自己需要添加,如果父类已经包含了,可以不要写版本号 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
// com.noodles.springcloud.entities
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Data
@Accessors(chain=true)
public class Dept implements Serializable{
private Long deptno;
private String dname;
// 来自哪个数据库,因为微服务架构可以一个服务对应一个数据库,
// 同一个信息被存储到不同数据库
private String db_source;
// 第一种方式:
// 无参和全参构造函数
// getter,setter和toString 方法
// 第二种方式: 使用lombok,使用注解
// Eclipse 需要安装lombok插件
}
// mvn clean install 后给其他模块引用,达到通用目的;
// 即需要用到部门实体的话,不用每个工程都定义一份,直接引用本模块即可;
2.3 部门微服务提供者Module(microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001)
// pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
// src/main/resources/application.yml
server:
port: 8081
mybatis:
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml # mybatis配置文件所在路径
type-aliases-package: com.noodles.springcloud.entities # 所有Entity别名类所在包
mapper-locations:
- classpath:mybatis/mapper/**/*.xml
spring:
application:
name: microservicecloud-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 当前数据源操作类型
driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver # mysql驱动包
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/cloudDB01 # 数据库名称
username: root
password: root
dbcp2:
min-idle: 5
initial-size: 5
max-total: 5
max-wait-millis: 200
// src/main/sources/mybatis/mybatis.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!-- 开启二级缓存 -->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
// com.noodles.springcloud.dao
@Mapper
public interface DeptDao {
public boolean addDept(Dept dept);
public Dept findById(Long id);
public List<Dept> findAll();
}
// src/main/sources/mybatis/mapper/DeptMapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.noodles.springcloud.dao.DeptDao">
<select id="findById" resultType="Dept" parameterType="Long">
select deptno,dname,db_source from dept where deptno=#{deptno};
</select>
<select id="findAll" resultType="Dept">
select deptno,dname,db_source from dept;
</select>
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES(#{dname},DATABASE());
</insert>
</mapper>
// DeptService部门服务接口
public interface DeptService {
public boolean add(Dept dept);
public Dept get(Long id);
public List<Dept> list();
}
// DeptServiceImpl部门服务接口实现类
@Service
public class DeptServiceImpl implements DeptService{
@Autowired
private DeptDao deptDao;
@Override
public boolean add(Dept dept) {
return deptDao.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept get(Long id) {
return deptDao.findById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> list() {
return dptDao.findAll();
}
}
//DeptController部门微服务提供者REST
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
private DeptService deptService;
@RequestMapping(value="/dept/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public boolean add(@RequestBody Dept dept) {
return deptService.add(dept);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/dept/get/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
return deptService.get(id);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/dept/list",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public List<Dept> get() {
return deptService.list();
}
}
// DeptProvider8001_App主动启动类DeptProvider8001_App
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider8001_App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider8001_App.class, args);
}
}
2.4 部门微服务消费者Module(microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80)
// pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-consumer-dept-80</artifactId>
<description>部门微服务消费者</description>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.noodles.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservicecloud-api</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
// application.yml
server:
port: 8082
// com.noodles.springcloud.cfgbeans
// ConfigBean 类(作用类似Spring里面的applicationContext.xml写入的注入Bean)
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean{
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
// 新建DeptController_Consumer部门微服务消费者REST
// com.noodles.springcloud.controller
@RestController
public class DeptController_Consumer {
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8081";
/**
* 使用restTemplate访问restful接口:
* (url, requestMap, ResponseBean.class)这三个参数分别代表:
* REST请求地址,请求参数,HTTP响应被转换成的对象类型
*/
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/add")
public boolean add(Dept dept) {
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add", dept, Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id, Dept.class);
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@RequestMapping(value="/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list() {
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list", List.class);
}
}
// com.noodles.springcloud
// DeptConsumer80_App 主启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer80_App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer80_App.class, args);
}
}
// 测试:
// 访问:
// http://localhost:8082/consumer/dept/get/2
// http://localhost:8082/consumer/dept/list
参考资料:
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