通过jQuery和C#分别实现对.NET Core Web Api的访问以及文件上传

准备工作：

　　　建立.NET Core Web Api项目

　　　新建一个用于Api请求的UserInfo类

public class UserInfo
{
public string name { get; set; }
public int age { get; set; }
public bool sex { get; set; }
}

　　2、建立.NET Core Web项目

一、使用jQuery Ajax访问

（一）、表单　　　　　   [FromForm]

数据类型：Object

ContenyType类型：application/x-www-form-urlencoded

var model = { name: "刘大大", age: 23, sex: true };

前台请求

       var model = { name: "刘大大", age: 23, sex: true };
$.ajax({
url: "http://localhost:57954/API/Default/data",
type: "POST",
async: true,
dataType: "json",
data: model,
contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
success: function (data) {
console.log("data:");
console.log(data);
}
});

后台接受

/***************************************************************************************************************************************************
* *文件名：WebHelper.cs
* *创建人：Jon
* *日 期 ：2018年5月25日
* *描 述 ：实现HTTP协议中的GET、POST请求
* *MVC使用HttpClient上传文件实例：
public IActionResult Upload()
{

var url = "http://localhost:57954/API/Default/values";
var data = new MultipartFormDataContent();
if (Request.HasFormContentType)
{
var request = Request.Form.Files;
foreach (var item in request)
{
data.Add(new StreamContent(item.OpenReadStream()), item.Name, item.FileName);
}

foreach (var item in Request.Form)
{
data.Add(new StringContent(item.Value), item.Key);
}
}
WebHelper.PostByHttpClientFromHttpContent(url, data);
return Json("OK");
}
*****************************************************************************************************************************************************/
using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Converters;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;

namespace Expansion.Helper
{
public static class WebHelper
{
/// <summary>
/// 通过WebRequest发起Get请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <returns>JSON字符串</returns>
public static string GetByWebRequest(string url)
{
string jsonString = string.Empty;
var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.Method = "GET";
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.Deflate | DecompressionMethods.GZip;
var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
using (var stream = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
{
jsonString = stream.ReadToEnd();
}
return jsonString;
}

/// <summary>
/// 通过WebRequest发起Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="data">请求参数</param>
/// <returns>JSON字符串</returns>
public static string PostByWebRequest(string url, object data)
{
string jsonString = string.Empty;
var request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
request.ContentType = "application/json";
request.Method = "POST";
request.Timeout = Int32.MaxValue;
request.AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.Deflate | DecompressionMethods.GZip;
var jsonToSend = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data, Formatting.None, new IsoDateTimeConverter());
byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(jsonToSend);
request.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
request.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);
var response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
using (var stream = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
{
jsonString = stream.ReadToEnd();
}
return jsonString;
}

/// <summary>
/// 通过HttpClient发起Get请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <returns>JSON字符串</returns>
public static string GetByHttpClient(string url)
{
string jsonString = string.Empty;
using (var client = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.Deflate | DecompressionMethods.GZip }))
{
var taskResponse = client.GetAsync(url);
taskResponse.Wait();
if (taskResponse.IsCompletedSuccessfully)
{
var taskStream = taskResponse.Result.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
using (var reader = new StreamReader(taskStream.Result))
{
jsonString = reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
return jsonString;
}

/// <summary>
/// 通过HttpClient发起Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="data">请求参数</param>
/// <returns>JSON字符串</returns>
public static string PostByHttpClient(string url, object data)
{
string jsonString = string.Empty;
using (var client = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.Deflate | DecompressionMethods.GZip }))
{
var jsonToSend = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data, Formatting.None, new IsoDateTimeConverter());
var body = new StringContent(jsonToSend, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
var taskResponse = client.PostAsync(url, body);
taskResponse.Wait();
if (taskResponse.IsCompletedSuccessfully)
{
var taskStream = taskResponse.Result.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
using (var reader = new StreamReader(taskStream.Result))
{
jsonString = reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
return jsonString;
}

/// <summary>
/// 通过数据来自HttpContent的HttpClient发起Post请求
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">请求地址</param>
/// <param name="content">请求参数</param>
/// <returns>JSON字符串</returns>
public static string PostByHttpClientFromHttpContent(string url, HttpContent content)
{
string jsonString = string.Empty;
using (var client = new HttpClient(new HttpClientHandler() { AutomaticDecompression = DecompressionMethods.Deflate | DecompressionMethods.GZip }))
{
var taskResponse = client.PostAsync(url, content);
taskResponse.Wait();
if (taskResponse.IsCompletedSuccessfully)
{
var taskStream = taskResponse.Result.Content.ReadAsStreamAsync();
taskStream.Wait();
using (var reader = new StreamReader(taskStream.Result))
{
jsonString = reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
return jsonString;
}

/// <summary>
/// Object转换为StreamContent
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">请求参数</param>
/// <returns>StreamContent</returns>
public static HttpContent ToStreamContent(this object data)
{

var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data, Formatting.None, new IsoDateTimeConverter());
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();
ms.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);
ms.Position = 0;
HttpContent streamContent = new StreamContent(ms);
return streamContent;
}

/// <summary>
/// Object转换为StringContent
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">请求参数</param>
/// <returns>StringContent</returns>
public static HttpContent ToStringContent(this object data)
{
HttpContent stringContent = new StringContent(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data));
return stringContent;
}

/// <summary>
/// Object转换为MultipartFormDataContent
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <returns>MultipartFormDataContent</returns>
public static HttpContent ToMultipartFormDataContent(this object data)
{
var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data, Formatting.None, new IsoDateTimeConverter());
var body = new StringContent(json, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json");
var multipartFormDataContent = new MultipartFormDataContent();
multipartFormDataContent.Add(body);
return multipartFormDataContent;
}

/// <summary>
/// Object转换为FormUrlEncodedContent
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">请求参数</param>
/// <returns>FormUrlEncodedContent</returns>
public static HttpContent ToFormUrlEncodedContent(this object data)
{
var param = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();
var values = JObject.FromObject(data);
foreach (var item in values)
{
param.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>(item.Key, item.Value.ToString()));
}
HttpContent formUrlEncodedContent = new FormUrlEncodedContent(param);
return formUrlEncodedContent;
}

/// <summary>
/// Object转换为ByteArrayContent
/// </summary>
/// <param name="data">请求参数</param>
/// <returns>FormUrlEncodedContent</returns>
public static HttpContent ToByteArrayContent(this object data)
{
var json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(data, Formatting.None, new IsoDateTimeConverter());
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(json);
HttpContent byteArrayContent = new ByteArrayContent(bytes);
return byteArrayContent;
}

/// <summary>
/// Url编码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="content">内容</param>
/// <param name="encode">编码类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string Encode(string content, Encoding encode = null)
{
if (encode == null) return content;

return System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlEncode(content, Encoding.UTF8);

}

/// <summary>
/// Url解码
/// </summary>
/// <param name="content">内容</param>
/// <param name="encode">编码类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string Decode(string content, Encoding encode = null)
{
if (encode == null) return content;

return System.Web.HttpUtility.UrlDecode(content, Encoding.UTF8);

}

/// <summary>
/// 将键值对参数集合拼接为Url字符串
/// </summary>
/// <param name="paramArray">键值对集合</param>
/// <param name="encode">转码类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string BuildParam(List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> paramArray, Encoding encode = null)
{
string url = "";

if (encode == null) encode = Encoding.UTF8;

if (paramArray != null && paramArray.Count > 0)
{
var parms = "";
foreach (var item in paramArray)
{
parms += string.Format("{0}={1}&", Encode(item.Key, encode), Encode(item.Value, encode));
}
if (parms != "")
{
parms = parms.TrimEnd('&');
}
url += parms;

}
return url;
}
}
}