Java中常用加密/解密方法详解

安全问题已经成为一个越来越重要的问题，在Java中如何对重要数据进行加密解密是本文的主要内容。一、常用的加密/解密算法1.Base64严格来说Base64并不是一种加密/解密算法，而是一种编码方式。Base64不生成密钥，通过Base64编码后的密文就可以直接“翻译”为明文，但是可以通过向明文中添加混淆字符来达到加密的效果。2.DESDES是一种基于56位密钥的对称算法，1976年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（FIPS），随后在国际上广泛流传开来。现在DES已经不是一种安全的加密算法，已被公开破解，现在DES已经被高级加密标准（AES）所代替。3.3DES3DES是DES的一种派生算法，主要提升了DES的一些实用所需的安全性。4.AESAES是现在对称加密算法中最流行的算法之一。二、实现所需的一些库为了实现上述的算法，我们可以实用JDK自带的实现，也可以使用一些开源的第三方库，例如Bouncy Castle（https://www.bouncycastle.org/）和comnons codec（https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/）。三、具体实现1.Base64package com.tancky.security;
import java.io.IOException;
import sun.misc.BASE64Decoder;
import sun.misc.BASE64Encoder;
public class Base64Demo {
private static String src = "TestBase64";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Base64Demo.jdkBase64();
Base64Demo.commonsCodecBase64 ();
Base64Demo.bouncyCastleBase64 ();
}
//使用JDK的base64实现，
public static void jdkBase64 (){
BASE64Encoder encoder = new BASE64Encoder();
String encode = encoder.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("encode: " + encode);
BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
try {
String decode = new String ( decoder.decodeBuffer(encode));
System.out.println("decode: " + decode);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//使用apache的commonsCodec实现
public static void commonsCodecBase64 (){
byte[] encodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(Base64Demo.src.getBytes());
String encode = new String (encodeBytes);
System.out.println("encode: " + encode);
byte[] decodeBytes = org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.decodeBase64(encode);
String decode = new String(decodeBytes);
System.out.println("decode: " + decode);
}
//使用bouncyCastlede实现
public static void bouncyCastleBase64 () {
byte[] encodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.encode(Base64Demo.src.getBytes()) ;
String encode = new String (encodeBytes);
System.out.println("encode: " + encode);
byte[] decodeBytes = org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Base64.decode(encode);
String decode = new String(decodeBytes);
System.out.println("decode: " + decode);
}
}2.DESpackage com.tancky.security;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESKeySpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
public class DESDemo {
private static String src = "TestDES";
public static void jdkDES () {
try {
//生成密钥Key
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
keyGenerator.init(56);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void bcDES (){
try {
//使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
//生成密钥Key
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES","BC");
keyGenerator.init(56);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DES");
Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(DESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("DESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("DESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));

} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
DESDemo.jdkDES ();
DESDemo.bcDES();
}
}
3.3DES

package com.tancky.security;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
public class TripleDESDemo {
private static String src = "TestTripleDES";
public static void jdkTripleDES () {
try {
//生成密钥Key
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede");
keyGenerator.init(168);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void bcTripleDES () {
try {
Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
//生成密钥Key
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DESede","BC");
keyGenerator.getProvider();
keyGenerator.init(168);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[] bytesKey = secretKey.getEncoded();
//KEY转换
DESedeKeySpec deSedeKeySpec = new DESedeKeySpec(bytesKey);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
Key convertSecretKey = factory.generateSecret(deSedeKeySpec);
//加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, convertSecretKey);
byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(TripleDESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("TripleDESEncode :" + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult));
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE,convertSecretKey);
byte[] DecodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("TripleDESDncode :" + new String (DecodeResult));
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
jdkTripleDES ();
bcTripleDES ();
}
}

4.AESpackage com.tancky.security;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Security;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
import org.bouncycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
public class AESDemo {
private static String src = "TestAES";
public static void jdkAES (){
try {
//生成Key
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGenerator.init(128);
//keyGenerator.init(128, new SecureRandom("seedseedseed".getBytes()));
//使用上面这种初始化方法可以特定种子来生成密钥，这样加密后的密文是唯一固定的。
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();
//Key转换
Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
//加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult));
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void bcAES (){
try {
//使用BouncyCastle 的DES加密
Secu
9a33
rity.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());
//生成Key
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES","BC");
keyGenerator.getProvider();
keyGenerator.init(128);
SecretKey secretKey = keyGenerator.generateKey();
byte[] keyBytes = secretKey.getEncoded();
//Key转换
Key key = new SecretKeySpec(keyBytes, "AES");
//加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] encodeResult = cipher.doFinal(AESDemo.src.getBytes());
System.out.println("AESencode : " + Hex.toHexString(encodeResult) );
//解密
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] decodeResult = cipher.doFinal(encodeResult);
System.out.println("AESdecode : " + new String (decodeResult));
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IllegalBlockSizeException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (BadPaddingException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchProviderException e) {
// TODO 自动生成的 catch 块
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
jdkAES();
bcAES();
}
}