C语言学生成绩管理系统

该系统基于C语言，运用了指针、结构体和文件读写等技术路线实现了一些功能：
包括（输入学生数据，修改学生数据，查找学生资料，排列学生数据，保存学生成绩，调出学生成绩，显示学生资料等7个功能）
1、首先，定义学生结构体：typedef struct Link
{
int number;
char name[10];
char sex[4];
int Chinese;
int English;
int Match;
float average;
struct Link *next;
}Student;2、初始化学生链表：Student *InitStudent()
{
Student *Q;
Q = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
if (Q != NULL)
{
Q->next = NULL;
return Q;
}
else
return NULL;
}3、创建学生数据表：int CreatStudent(Student *Q)
{
int flag, n;
Student *s;
n = 0;
while (flag)
{
s = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
if (s == NULL)
{
printf("创建失败！");
return 0;
}
printf("请输入学号(输入0退回上一步):");
scanf("%d", &s->number);
if (s->number == 0)
goto endp;
if (n == s->number)
{
printf("输入学号已存在!\n");
goto end;
}
while (s->number<0)
{
getchar();
printf("\n学号不能为小于零!");
printf("\n请输入学号,输入0退回上一步:");
scanf("%d", &s->number);
}
printf("请输入姓名:");
scanf("%s", s->name);
printf("请输入性别m/w:");
scanf("%s", s->sex);
printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);
while (s->Chinese>100 || s->Chinese<0)
{
getchar();
printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);
}
printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Match);
while (s->Match>100 || s->Match<0)
{
getchar();
printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Match);
}
printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->English);
while (s->English>100 || s->English<0)
{
getchar();
printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->English);
}
s->average = (s->Chinese + s->English + s->Match) / 3;
n = s->number;
s->next = Q->next;
Q->next = s;
amount++;
end: printf("是否继续输入数据:1/0\n");
scanf("%d", &flag);

}
endp:printf("创建完毕！\n");
printf("输入了%d个学生", amount);
return 1;
}4、以学号为前提查找学生数据：Student *FindStudent(Student *Q, int x)
{

Student *q;
q = Q->next;
while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)
q = q->next;
if (q != NULL)
return q;
else
return NULL;
}5、按科目修改学生数据：int ModifStudent(Student *Q, int x)
{
int flag, n;
Student *q;
q = Q->next;
while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)
q = q->next;
if (q != NULL)
{
while (n)
{
printf("\n修改成绩科目：1.语文 2.英语 3.数学:");
scanf("%d", &flag);
if (flag == 1)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);
while (q->Chinese>100 || q->Chinese<0)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);
}
}
else if (flag == 2)
{

getchar();
printf("\n请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Match);
while (q->Match>100 || q->Match<0)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请重新输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Match);
}
}
else if (flag == 3)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->English);
while (q->English>100 || q->English<0)
{
printf("\n请重新英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->English);
}
}
q->average = (q->Chinese + q->English + q->Match) / 3;
printf("\n是否继续修改数据:1/0\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
}

return 1;
}

return 0;
}6、排列学生数据：Student *Sort(Student *Q, int course)
{

Student *p, *q, *t;
int number, Chinese, English, Match, score;
char name[10], sex[2];
if (Q->next == NULL)
{
printf("没有构造学生表！");
return NULL;
}
switch (course)
{
case 1:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)
{
t = p;
for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)
{
if (t->Chinese >= q->Chinese)
{
number = t->number;
Chinese = t->Chinese;
English = t->English;
Match = t->Match;
score = t->average;
t->number = q->number;
t->Chinese = q->Chinese;
t->English = q->English;
t->Match = q->Match;
t->average = q->average;
q->number = number;
q->Chinese = Chinese;
q->English = English;
q->Match = Match;
q->average = score;
strcpy(name, t->name);
strcpy(sex, t->sex);
strcpy(t->name, q->name);
strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);
strcpy(q->name, name);
strcpy(q->sex, sex);
t = q;
}
}
}
break;
case 2:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)
{
t = p;
for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)
{
if (t->English >= q->English)
{
number = t->number;
Chinese = t->Chinese;
English = t->English;
Match = t->Match;
score = t->average;
t->number = q->number;
t->Chinese = q->Chinese;
t->English = q->English;
t->Match = q->Match;
t->average = q->average;
q->number = number;
q->Chinese = Chinese;
q->English = English;
q->Match = Match;
q->average = score;
strcpy(name, t->name);
strcpy(sex, t->sex);
strcpy(t->name, q->name);
strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);
strcpy(q->name, name);
strcpy(q->sex, sex);
t = q;
}
}
}
break;
case 3:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)
{
t = p;
for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)
{
if (t->Match >= q->Match)
{
number = t->number;
Chinese = t->Chinese;
English = t->English;
Match = t->Match;
score = t->average;
t->number = q->number;
t->Chinese = q->Chinese;
t->English = q->English;
t->Match = q->Match;
t->average = q->average;
q->number = number;
q->Chinese = Chinese;
q->English = English;
q->Match = Match;
q->average = score;
strcpy(name, t->name);
strcpy(sex, t->sex);
strcpy(t->name, q->name);
strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);
strcpy(q->name, name);
strcpy(q->sex, sex);
t = q;
}
}
}
break;

}
return Q;

}7、保存学生数据到文件中：int SaveStudent(Student *Q)
{
int i = 0;
Student *p;
FILE *fp;
char open[20];
p = Q->next;
printf("请输入文件路径:");
scanf("%s", open);
if ((fp = fopen(open, "w+")) == NULL)
{
printf("打开失败!");
return 0;
}
fprintf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

c015
while (p != NULL&&i<amount)
{
i++;
fwrite(p, sizeof(Student), 1, fp);
p = p->next;
//fprintf(fp,"|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n",p->number,p->name,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->English,p->Match,p->average);
}
fclose(fp);
return 1;
}8、输出学生数据：void print(Student *Q)
{
Student *p;
p = Q;
if (Q->next == NULL)
printf("没有学生资料!");
else
{
printf("结果为：\n");
while (p->next != NULL)
{
p = p->next;

printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");
printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%0.2f\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);

}
}

}
9、从文件中调出数据：void LoadStudent()
{
int flag = 1;
char FileName[20];
Student *p;
FILE *fp;
printf("请输入调出文件的路径:");
scanf("%s", FileName[20]);
if ((fp = fopen(FileName, "r+")) != NULL)
{
fscanf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");
printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");
while (flag)
{
p = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
fscanf(fp, "%d%s%s%d%d%d%d", &p->number, p->name, p->sex, &p->Chinese, &p->English, &p->Match, &p->average);
if (p->number == NULL)
flag = 0;
else
{
printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);
flag = 1;
}
}

}
else
printf("调出失败！");
fclose(fp);

}上述函数实现了程序的所有功能，以下给出全代码：#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
using namespace std;
/********定义学生结构体********/
typedef struct Link
{
int number;
char name[10];
char sex[4];
int Chinese;
int English;
int Match;
float average;
struct Link *next;
}Student;
int amount = 0;;//记录学生个数
/*****************************/
/***********初始化学生表*************/
Student *InitStudent()
{
Student *Q;
Q = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
if (Q != NULL)
{
Q->next = NULL;
return Q;
}
else
return NULL;
}
/***********************************/
/**************创建学生数据表*********************/
int CreatStudent(Student *Q)
{
int flag, n;
Student *s;
n = 0;
while (flag)
{
s = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
if (s == NULL)
{
printf("创建失败！");
return 0;
}
printf("请输入学号(输入0退回上一步):");
scanf("%d", &s->number);
if (s->number == 0)
goto endp;
if (n == s->number)
{
printf("输入学号已存在!\n");
goto end;
}
while (s->number<0)
{
getchar();
printf("\n学号不能为小于零!");
printf("\n请输入学号,输入0退回上一步:");
scanf("%d", &s->number);
}
printf("请输入姓名:");
scanf("%s", s->name);
printf("请输入性别m/w:");
scanf("%s", s->sex);
printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);
while (s->Chinese>100 || s->Chinese<0)
{
getchar();
printf("请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Chinese);
}
printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Match);
while (s->Match>100 || s->Match<0)
{
getchar();
printf("请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->Match);
}
printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->English);
while (s->English>100 || s->English<0)
{
getchar();
printf("请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &s->English);
}
s->average = (s->Chinese + s->English + s->Match) / 3;
n = s->number;
s->next = Q->next;
Q->next = s;
amount++;
end: printf("是否继续输入数据:1/0\n");
scanf("%d", &flag);

}
endp:printf("创建完毕！\n");
printf("输入了%d个学生", amount);
return 1;
}
/******************************************/
/*********************查找学生数据，以学号为前提****************/
Student *FindStudent(Student *Q, int x)
{

Student *q;
q = Q->next;
while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)
q = q->next;
if (q != NULL)
return q;
else
return NULL;
}
/******************************************************/
/**************************修改学生数据**************************/
int ModifStudent(Student *Q, int x)
{
int flag, n;
Student *q;
q = Q->next;
while (q != NULL&&q->number != x)
q = q->next;
if (q != NULL)
{
while (n)
{
printf("\n修改成绩科目：1.语文 2.英语 3.数学:");
scanf("%d", &flag);
if (flag == 1)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);
while (q->Chinese>100 || q->Chinese<0)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请输入语文成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Chinese);
}
}
else if (flag == 2)
{

getchar();
printf("\n请输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Match);
while (q->Match>100 || q->Match<0)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请重新输入数学成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->Match);
}
}
else if (flag == 3)
{
getchar();
printf("\n请输入英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->English);
while (q->English>100 || q->English<0)
{
printf("\n请重新英语成绩:");
scanf("%d", &q->English);
}
}
q->average = (q->Chinese + q->English + q->Match) / 3;
printf("\n是否继续修改数据:1/0\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
}

return 1;
}

return 0;
}
/******************************************************/
/************************排列学生数据***********************/
Student *Sort(Student *Q, int course)
{

Student *p, *q, *t;
int number, Chinese, English, Match, score;
char name[10], sex[2];
if (Q->next == NULL)
{
printf("没有构造学生表！");
return NULL;
}
switch (course)
{
case 1:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)
{
t = p;
for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)
{
if (t->Chinese >= q->Chinese)
{
number = t->number;
Chinese = t->Chinese;
English = t->English;
Match = t->Match;
score = t->average;
t->number = q->number;
t->Chinese = q->Chinese;
t->English = q->English;
t->Match = q->Match;
t->average = q->average;
q->number = number;
q->Chinese = Chinese;
q->English = English;
q->Match = Match;
q->average = score;
strcpy(name, t->name);
strcpy(sex, t->sex);
strcpy(t->name, q->name);
strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);
strcpy(q->name, name);
strcpy(q->sex, sex);
t = q;
}
}
}
break;
case 2:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)
{
t = p;
for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)
{
if (t->English >= q->English)
{
number = t->number;
Chinese = t->Chinese;
English = t->English;
Match = t->Match;
score = t->average;
t->number = q->number;
t->Chinese = q->Chinese;
t->English = q->English;
t->Match = q->Match;
t->average = q->average;
q->number = number;
q->Chinese = Chinese;
q->English = English;
q->Match = Match;
q->average = score;
strcpy(name, t->name);
strcpy(sex, t->sex);
strcpy(t->name, q->name);
strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);
strcpy(q->name, name);
strcpy(q->sex, sex);
t = q;
}
}
}
break;
case 3:for (p = Q->next; p; p = p->next)
{
t = p;
for (q = Q->next; q; q = q->next)
{
if (t->Match >= q->Match)
{
number = t->number;
Chinese = t->Chinese;
English = t->English;
Match = t->Match;
score = t->average;
t->number = q->number;
t->Chinese = q->Chinese;
t->English = q->English;
t->Match = q->Match;
t->average = q->average;
q->number = number;
q->Chinese = Chinese;
q->English = English;
q->Match = Match;
q->average = score;
strcpy(name, t->name);
strcpy(sex, t->sex);
strcpy(t->name, q->name);
strcpy(t->sex, q->sex);
strcpy(q->name, name);
strcpy(q->sex, sex);
t = q;
}
}
}
break;

}
return Q;

}
int SaveStudent(Student *Q)
{
int i = 0;
Student *p;
FILE *fp;
char open[20];
p = Q->next;
printf("请输入文件路径:");
scanf("%s", open);
if ((fp = fopen(open, "w+")) == NULL)
{
printf("打开失败!");
return 0;
}
fprintf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");

while (p != NULL&&i<amount)
{
i++;
fwrite(p, sizeof(Student), 1, fp);
p = p->next;
//fprintf(fp,"|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n",p->number,p->name,p->sex,p->Chinese,p->English,p->Match,p->average);
}
fclose(fp);
return 1;
}
/******************************************************************/
/************************输出学生成绩*******************************************/
void print(Student *Q)
{
Student *p;
p = Q;
if (Q->next == NULL)
printf("没有学生资料!");
else
{
printf("结果为：\n");
while (p->next != NULL)
{
p = p->next;

printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");
printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%0.2f\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);

}
}

}
/********************************************************************************/
/********************************************************************************/
void LoadStudent()
{
int flag = 1;
char FileName[20];
Student *p;
FILE *fp;
printf("请输入调出文件的路径:");
scanf("%s", FileName[20]);
if ((fp = fopen(FileName, "r+")) != NULL)
{
fscanf(fp, "|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");
printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");
while (flag)
{
p = (Student*)malloc(sizeof(Student));
fscanf(fp, "%d%s%s%d%d%d%d", &p->number, p->name, p->sex, &p->Chinese, &p->English, &p->Match, &p->average);
if (p->number == NULL)
flag = 0;
else
{
printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);
flag = 1;
}
}

}
else
printf("调出失败！");
fclose(fp);

}
/***************************************菜单界面********************************/
void Menu()
{
int flag, n, sure, course;
Student *Q, *p, *L;
n = 0;
Q = InitStudent();
begin:
printf("\n\t\t\t 学生管理系统(可输入汉字)\n");
printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");
printf("|1输入学生数据\t\t\t2修改学生数据\t\t\t3查找学生成绩|\n");
printf("|4排列学生数据\t\t\t5保存学生成绩\t\t\t6调出文件资料|\n");
printf("|7显示学生资料\t\t\t0结束程序 \t\t\t |\n");
printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");
printf("\n操作方式:");
scanf("%d", &flag);
switch (flag)
{
case 0:goto end; break;
case 1:CreatStudent(Q);
print(Q);
goto begin;
case 2:while (n == 0)
{
printf("请输入查找学生学号:");
scanf("%d", &n);
}
sure = ModifStudent(Q, n);
if (sure == 1)
printf("修改成功\n");
else
printf("修改失败\n");
n = 0;
goto begin;
case 3:while (n == 0)
{
printf("请输入查找学生学号:");
scanf("%d", &n);
}
p = FindStudent(Q, n);
if (p != NULL)
{
printf("\n查询结果为：\n");
printf("|学号\t|姓名\t|性别\t|语文\t|英语\t|数学\t|均分\t|\n");
printf("|%d\t|%s\t|%s\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|%d\t|\n", p->number, p->name, p->sex, p->Chinese, p->English, p->Match, p->average);
}
else
printf("查找失败\n");
n = 0;
goto begin;

case 4:printf("请输入排序规则(输入0返回上一步)\n1.语文 2.英语 3.数学:");
scanf("%d", &course);
if (course == 0)
goto begin;
else
{
L = Sort(Q, course);
if (L != NULL)
print(L);
}
goto begin;
case 5:SaveStudent(Q);
goto begin;
case 6:LoadStudent();
goto begin;
case 7:print(Q);
goto begin;
}

end:printf("\n\t\t\t\t 学生管理系统\n");
printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");
printf("|1输入学生数据\t\t\t2修改学生数据\t\t\t3查找学生成绩|\n");
printf("|0退出程序\n");
printf("|^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^|\n");
}
/************************************结束*************************************/
/*****************************************************/
void main()
{
Menu();
}
以下给出程序运行部分截图：