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Python常用模块-时间模块(time&datetime)

2018-03-04 23:14 1341 查看
                       Python常用模块-时间模块(time & datetime)

                                         作者:尹正杰

版权声明:原创作品,谢绝转载!否则将追究法律责任。

一.初始time模块

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
3 #@author :yinzhengjie
4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
6
7 import time
8
9 """"
10 模块的分类:
11     模块本质就是一个“*.py”文件,大致分为以下三类:
12         1>.内置模块,指的是存在Python解释器内部的模块,如time模块;
13         2>>第三方模块,指的是安装好Python后的lib文件夹中的模块;
14         3>.自定义模块,指的是你自己写的Python程序;
15 """
16
17 print(time.time())      #返回当前的时间戳,表示从1971年1月1日"00:00:00"到此刻时间节点的秒数。
18
19 s = time.localtime()    #创建一个时间对象,也可以说是在结构化时间对象,返回本地时间的struct_time对象格式。
20 print(s)
21 print(s.tm_year)        #获取年份。
22 print(s.tm_mon)         #获取月份。
23
24 s2 = time.gmtime()      #返回utc时间的struc时间对象格式。
25 print(s2)
26
27
28
29
30 #以上代码执行结果如下:
31 1520176127.9244497
32 time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=23, tm_min=8, tm_sec=47, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=63, tm_isdst=0)
33 2018
34 3
35 time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=15, tm_min=8, tm_sec=47, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=63, tm_isdst=0)


二.时间模块的相互转换

1.转换助记图



2.案例展示

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
3 #@author :yinzhengjie
4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
6
7 import time
8
9 s = time.localtime(31245244545)                         #结构化时间对象,可以将时间戳转换成结构化时间。
10 print(s)
11
12 s2 = time.mktime(time.localtime())                      #将结构化时间转换成时间戳。
13 print(s2)
14
15 s3 = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d",time.localtime())        #将结构化时间转换成字符串时间。
16 print(s3)
17
18 s4 = time.strptime("1993:05:19","%Y:%m:%d")         #将字符串时间转换成结构化时间。
19 print(s4)
20
21
22
23 #以上代码执行结果如下:
24 time.struct_time(tm_year=2960, tm_mon=2, tm_mday=15, tm_hour=2, tm_min=35, tm_sec=45, tm_wday=4, tm_yday=46, tm_isdst=0)
25 1520176194.0
26 2018-03-04
27 time.struct_time(tm_year=1993, tm_mon=5, tm_mday=19, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=2, tm_yday=139, tm_isdst=-1)


三.time扩充

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
3 #@author :yinzhengjie
4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
6
7
8 import time
9 print(time.asctime(time.localtime()))           #将结构化时间转换成字符串时间。
10 print(time.ctime(565656446))                    #将时间戳转换成字符串时间。
11
12 time.sleep(2)                                   #让程序暂停2秒钟,用于模拟I/O阻塞,并不占用CPU资源。
13
14
15
16
17 #以上代码执行结果如下:
18 Sun Mar  4 23:11:16 2018
19 Sat Dec  5 06:47:26 1987


四.time模块小试牛刀

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
3 #@author :yinzhengjie
4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
6
7 import time
8
9 s = "2018-03-04"
10
11 def ChangeTime(string,number,format="%Y-%m-%d"):
12     StructTime = time.strptime(string,format )
13     print(StructTime)
14     StampTime = time.mktime(StructTime)
15     print(StampTime)
16     NewStamp = StampTime + 3600 * 24 * number
17     NewStringTime = time.strftime(format, time.localtime(NewStamp))
18     print(NewStringTime)
19
20 ChangeTime(s,3)     #推算3日后的时间
21
22
23
24
25 #以上代码执行结果如下:
26 time.struct_time(tm_year=2018, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=4, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=6, tm_yday=63, tm_isdst=-1)
27 1520092800.0
28 2018-03-07


五.datetime介绍

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 #_*_coding:utf-8_*_
3 #@author :yinzhengjie
4 #blog:http://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/tag/python%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E5%8C%96%E8%BF%90%E7%BB%B4%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF/
5 #EMAIL:y1053419035@qq.com
6 import time,datetime
7
8 print(datetime.datetime.now())                                  #打印当前系统时间
9
10 print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()))                 #时间戳直接转成日期格式如:2018-03-04
11
12 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(3))          #当前时间+3天
13
14 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-3))         #当前时间-3天
15
16 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=3))    #当前时间+3小时
17
18 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=30)) #当前时间+30分
19
20 c_time  = datetime.datetime.now()
21 print(c_time.replace(minute=3,hour=2))                          ##时间替换
22
23
24
25
26 #以上代码执行结果如下:
27 2018-03-04 23:12:13.477416
28 2018-03-04
29 2018-03-07 23:12:13.477416
30 2018-03-01 23:12:13.477416
31 2018-03-05 02:12:13.477416
32 2018-03-04 23:42:13.477416
33 2018-03-04 02:03:13.477416


六.关于格式化参数的详细说明

DirectiveMeaningNotes
%a
Locale’s abbreviated weekday name.
%A
Locale’s full weekday name.
%b
Locale’s abbreviated month name.
%B
Locale’s full month name.
%c
Locale’s appropriate date and time representation.
%d
Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
%H
Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
%I
Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
%j
Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].
%m
Month as a decimal number [01,12].
%M
Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
%p
Locale’s equivalent of either AM or PM.(1)
%S
Second as a decimal number [00,61].(2)
%U
Week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.(3)
%w
Weekday as a decimal number [0(Sunday),6].
%W
Week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.(3)
%x
Locale’s appropriate date representation.
%X
Locale’s appropriate time representation.
%y
Year without century as a decimal number [00,99].
%Y
Year with century as a decimal number.
%z
Time zone offset indicating a positive or negative time difference from UTC/GMT of the form +HHMM or -HHMM, where H represents decimal hour digits and M represents decimal minute digits [-23:59, +23:59].
%Z
Time zone name (no characters if no time zone exists).
%%
A literal
'%'
character.
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