Python（5-6-7）：数字+字符串+列表+元组+字典+集合

Python的数据类型

数字

字符串

列表

元组

字典

集合

数字

常用的内建函数

import math
import random

print 1/2   # 结果取整数部分
print 1.0/2
print 1//2  # 舍去小数部分
print 3//2
print 3**2      # 次方运算

print pow(3,2)  # 次方运算
print 4<<1
print 4>>2
print ~4
print coerce(1.0,2)

print divmod(10,3) # 得到商和余数
print round(3.4) # 四舍五入
print round(4.5) # 四舍五入
print round(5) # 四舍五入
print int(6.6) # 直接去掉小数

print math.floor(7.7) # 小于原数整数
print bool(1)
print bool([])
print random.randint(1,8) #两个数之间的任意一整数
print random.randrange(9,20) # 任意一个整数
print random.choice("abcdef") # 取出任意一个字符

0
0.5
0
1
9

9
8
1
-5
(1.0, 2.0)

(3, 1)
3.0
5.0
5.0
6

7.0
True
False
5
13
c

print hex(4345)
print oct(52625234)
print chr(65)
print ord('a')

0x10f9
0310577522
A
97

序列

se='fadsf'
st=['a','c','b']
tu=('c','a','z','d')

print sorted(se),sorted(st),sorted(tu)
print reversed(se),reversed(st),reversed(tu)
print len(se),len(st),len(tu)
print zip('123','abc')

['a', 'd', 'f', 'f', 's'] ['a', 'b', 'c'] ['a', 'c', 'd', 'z']
<reversed object at 0x0000000002BA6358> <listreverseiterator object at 0x0000000002BA6358> <reversed object at 0x0000000002BA6358>
5 3 4
[('1', 'a'), ('2', 'b'), ('3', 'c')]

字符串

操作符

第一种：标准操作符

str1 = 'abcd'
str2 = 'lmno'
str3 = 'wxyz'

print str1 < str2

True

第二种：切片操作符

str1 = 'abcd'
str2 = 'lmno'
str3 = 'wxyz'

print str1[-1]
print str1[0]
print str1[-4]
print str1[0:]
print str1[1:3]
print str1[-3:-1]
print str1[:-1]
print str1[-3:]

d
a
a
abcd
bc
bc
abc
bcd

第三种：成员操作符

str1 = 'abcd'
str2 = 'lmno'
str3 = 'wxyz'

print 'ac' in str1
print 'ab' in str1
print 'mn' not in str1

False
True
True

第四种：连接操作符

import string

str1 = 'abcd'
str2 = 'lmno'
str3 = 'wxyz'

print str1 + str2
print str1 + ' ' + str2
print ','.join((str1,str2,str3))
print ' '.join((str1,str2,str3))
print str1*2

abcdlmno
abcd lmno
abcd,lmno,wxyz
abcd lmno wxyz
abcdabcd

第五种：普通字符串转化为Unicode

print 'hello' + u' ' + 'hh'
print '*'*40

hello hh
****************************************

第六种：格式化操作符

print '%.2f' %123.438
print '%f' %214
print '%e' %1342.43432

123.44
214.000000
1.342434e+03

内建函数

str1 = 'abcd'
str2 = 'lmno'
str3 = 'wxyz'

print cmp(str1,str2)
print len(str1)
print max(str1)
print chr(65)

-1
4
d
A

特殊字符串

his = '''hi
there'''
her = 'hi\nthere'

print his
print her

hi
there
hi
there

常用的内建函数总结

s1='faFs'
s2='FGHJF'
s3='fhsk ret'

print s1.capitalize()
print s1.center(10)
print s2.count('F')
print s3.find('a'),s3.find('k')
print s3.index('f'),s3.index('k')

print s1.islower(),s2.isupper()
print ' '.join(s1)
print s2.lower()
print s2.replace('F','1239')
print s3.split()
print s1.swapcase()
print s1.title()

Fafs
faFs
2
-1 3
0 3

False True
f a F s
fghjf
1239GHJ1239
['fhsk', 'ret']
FAfS
Fafs

列表

操作符

s1 = ['abc', 123, -23, 2.33]
s2 = ['dsf', 435]

print s1 < s2
print s1[0]
print s1[1:]
print s1[:2]
print s1[0:2]
print s1[-1]
print s1[0][0]
print 'abc' in s1
print s1 + s2
print s1*2

True
abc
[123, -23, 2.33]
['abc', 123]
['abc', 123]
2.33
a
True
['abc', 123, -23, 2.33, 'dsf', 435]
['abc', 123, -23, 2.33, 'abc', 123, -23, 2.33]

内建函数

s1 = ['abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, 2.33]
s2 = ['dsf', 435]
s3 = [1,2,3]

print cmp(s1, s2)
print len(s1)
print max(s1)
print sorted(s1)
print reversed(s1)
print zip(s1,s2)
print sum(s3)
print tuple(s1)

-1
5
xyz
[-23, 2.33, 123, 'abc', 'xyz']
<listreverseiterator object at 0x00000000029563C8>
[('abc', 'dsf'), (123, 435)]
6
('abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, 2.33)

常用的内建函数总结

lis=['fa','nd',123,'fa']
print lis.append('mm'),lis
print lis.count('fa')
print lis.extend('faa'),lis
print lis.index('nd')
print lis.insert(1,'fuck'),lis
print lis.remove('fuck'),lis
print lis.reverse(),lis
print lis.sort(),lis

None ['fa', 'nd', 123, 'fa', 'mm']
2
None ['fa', 'nd', 123, 'fa', 'mm', 'f', 'a', 'a']
1
None ['fa', 'fuck', 'nd', 123, 'fa', 'mm', 'f', 'a', 'a']
None ['fa', 'nd', 123, 'fa', 'mm', 'f', 'a', 'a']
None ['a', 'a', 'f', 'mm', 'fa', 123, 'nd', 'fa']
None [123, 'a', 'a', 'f', 'fa', 'fa', 'mm', 'nd']

元组

操作符

t1 = ('abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, [321,'fds'])
t2 = (123,534)
print t1 * 2
print t1 + t2
print 'abc' in t1
print t1[0][0]
print t1[:]
print t1[-1]

('abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, [321, 'fds'], 'abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, [321, 'fds'])
('abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, [321, 'fds'], 123, 534)
True
a
('abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, [321, 'fds'])
[321, 'fds']

内建函数

t1 = ('abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, [321,'fds'])
t2 = (123,534)

print list(t1)
print len(t1)
print max(t1)
print cmp(t1,t2)

['abc', 123, 'xyz', -23, [321, 'fds']]
5
xyz
1

字典

创建字典

d1 = {}
d2 = {'name':'shan','port':80}
d3 = dict((['x',1],['y',2]))
d4 = {}.fromkeys(('x','y'),1)

print d1
print d2
print d3
print d4

{}
{'name': 'shan', 'port': 80}
{'y': 2, 'x': 1}
{'y': 1, 'x': 1}

访问字典值

d2 = {'name':'shan','port':80}
d3 = dict((['x',1],['y',2]))
d4 = {}.fromkeys(('x','y'),1)
print d2['name']

shan

更新字典

d2 = {'name':'shan','port':80}
d2['name'] = 'zheng'

print d2['name']
print d2

zheng
{'name': 'zheng', 'port': 80}

删除字典元素和字典

d1 = {'name':'an','port':8}
d2 = {'name':'shan','port':80}

d1.clear()
del d2['name']

print d1
print d2

{}
{'port': 80}

操作符和内建函数

d1 = {'name':'an','port':8,'port1':84}
d2 = {'name':'shan','port':80}
d3 = {'xsdf':'shan','ofrt':80}
d4 = {'xsdf':'hans','ofrt':80}
d5 = {'xsdf':'hans','ofrt':80}

print d1.keys()
print d1.values()
print d2
print d1 < d2
print len(d1)
print cmp(d1,d2)
print cmp(d2,d3)
print cmp(d3,d4)
print cmp(d4,d5)

['port1', 'name', 'port']
[84, 'an', 8]
{'name': 'shan', 'port': 80}
False
3
1
-1
1
0

字典中常用的内建函数

d={}.fromkeys('xy','34')
dd={'a':'1','b':'2'}
d3={'c':3}
print d,dd
print dd.get('a')
print dd.has_key('b') ,dd.has_key('c')
print dd.items()
print dd.keys(),dd.values()
print dd.update(d3),dd
print dd.clear(),dd

{'y': '34', 'x': '34'} {'a': '1', 'b': '2'}
1
True False
[('a', '1'), ('b', '2')]
['a', 'b'] ['1', '2']
None {'a': '1', 'c': 3, 'b': '2'}
None {}

集合

集合基本操作

s = set('asdfghj')
t = frozenset('fdsdh')
s.add('z')

print s
print t
print len(s)
print len(t)
print 's' in s
s.remove('z')
print s

set(['a', 'd', 'g', 'f', 'h', 'j', 's', 'z'])
frozenset(['h', 's', 'd', 'f'])
8
4
True
set(['a', 'd', 'g', 'f', 'h', 'j', 's'])

集合操作符

s = set('abcd')
t = set('cdef')

print s|t
print s&t
print s-t
print s^t

set(['a', 'c', 'b', 'e', 'd', 'f'])
set(['c', 'd'])
set(['a', 'b'])
set(['a', 'b', 'e', 'f'])