RHEL7安装Oracle 11G R2
2018-01-28 21:21
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Oracle 11G R2 安装
实验环境:RHEL7.4 x64最简安装
数据库版本: Oracle 11G R2
IP 地址:192.168.10.133
Linux连接工具: xmanager 5 //也可以直接使用图形安装Linux无需工具
程序包下载:官网下载
Database安装步骤
1. 修改系统主机名,hosts文件,系统参数 2. 添加用户和组信息,创建Oracle安装目录 3. 修改用户环境变量 4. 开始安装(安装linux组件,上传Oracle程序包,并解压运行安装) 4. DBCA建库
一. 完善系统信息
1. 修改主机名 [root@localhost ~]# hostname localhost.localdomain ##Oracle数据库的安装在生产中要慎重考虑主机名,避免二次修改。 [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname oracle.example.com [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl ##验证是否成功 2. 添加hosts解析条目 [root@localhost ~]# cat << EOF >> /etc/hosts > 192.168.10.133 oracle.example.com oracle > EOF 3.下列参数写入到/etc/sysctl.conf文件中 [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 # semaphores: semmsl, semmns, semopm, semmni kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default=262144 net.core.rmem_max=4194304 net.core.wmem_default=262144 net.core.wmem_max=1048586 [root@localhost ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p //执行生效 4. 添加下列参数到/etc/security/limits.conf oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 4096 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 5.添加下列条目到/etc/pam.d/login session required pam_limits.so ##复制到session相同字段即可
二. 添加用户和用户组信息
1. 创建用户和组信息 [root@localhost ~]# groupdel oinstall [root@localhost ~]# groupadd -g 2000 oinstall [root@localhost ~]# groupadd -g 2001 dba [root@localhost ~]# groupadd -g 2002 oper [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G 2000,2001,2002 oracle [root@localhost ~]# echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle Changing password for user oracle. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@localhost ~]# id oracle uid=1000(oracle) gid=2000(oinstall) groups=2000(oinstall),2001(dba),2002(oper) 2.创建目录结构 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1 -p [root@localhost ~]# chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01 [root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01
三. 开始安装
1. 安装程序组件 yum install binutils -y yum install compat-libstdc++-33 -y yum install gcc -y yum install gcc-c++ -y yum install glibc -y yum install glibc-devel -y yum install ksh -y yum install libgcc -y yum install libstdc++ -y yum install libstdc++-devel -y yum install libaio -y yum install libaio-devel -y yum install libXext -y yum install libXtst -y yum install libX11 -y yum install libXau -y yum install libxcb -y yum install libXi -y yum install make -y yum install sysstat -y yum install unixODBC -y yum install unixODBC-devel -y yum install zlib-devel -y yum install elfutils-libelf-devel -y [root@oracle ~]# rpm -ivh http://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm 注意: pdksh的一个组件,由于是el5版本的,在rhel7环境可无需安装 2. 如果您是跟着我是最小安装,那么您需要在root环境下安装支持"xhost +"命令的工具 [root@oracle ~]# yum provides xhost [root@oracle ~]# yum -y install xorg-x11-server-utils
将下载的数据库程序包上传到Oracle用户/home/oracle目录,xmanager工具自带xftp非常方便。
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/78ad868d4c5dccf5b25f49763c0a00eb.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
4. 修改oracle用户环境变量 [oracle@oracle ~]$ su - oracle [oracle@oracle ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1 export ORACLE_SID=ORACLE export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin export PATH [oracle@oracle ~]$ source .bash_profile 5. 将下载的数据库程序包上传到Oracle用户/home/oracle目录并按编号解压 [oracle@oracle ~]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip [oracle@oracle ~]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip [oracle@oracle ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.10.1:0.0 //此IP在当前虚拟机使用的虚拟网卡中获得。 [oracle@oracle ~]$ ./database/runInstaller //执行安装程序
安装截图
由于是测试,跳过email登录![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/28/65d8ed7044fd941f295f3a35042e0e36.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
跳过更新
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/28/2046670233c127f6f432533123ea9d44.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
选择只安装软件(后期使用DBCA或手工建库)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/28/4d505093bc2fa3d4b827f2eed3d0dec2.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
选择单实例安装(后面是集群安装和集群节点)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/28/dd7e8875435cc7d31573b337fe855a5b.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
建议使用英文安装,这里我直接下一步
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/28/e156c913077f6d3531e5dca39776bc2e.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
选择安装企业版
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/ff367d0f9f4e1dc8ed4ab3079c8c941a.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
这里是oracle安装的目录,这是我们前面写的环境变量生效的效果,确认直接下一步
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/c3e5ddcd859d15170234824f62058b91.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
这里是Oracle产品安装清单,确认之前下一步
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/62abd75cc792d9bffcdcb85ad5d24e41.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
Oracle检测到系统参数需要修改,点击需要修复读警告,选择 Fix& Check Again进行修复
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/e45663c6460a173b092185a253540fba.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
复制脚本,以root用户执行,执行成功后点击OK完成修复
[root@oracle ~]# /tmp/CVU_11.2.0.4.0_oracle/runfixup.sh
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/a46c13774412abb3abb25af0b10c971d.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
注意是如果: 有组件需要安装,在生产环境是不能忽略的,需要全部安装
安装步骤推荐:
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/fce4007480f86e86c739a065899117ea.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
[root@oracle ~]# yum -y install xxxx
完成以上步骤,进行安装
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/eaf18cad080a5addc25d518a821a9e78.jpg?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
这里出现报错,此报错为Oracle在RHEL7上允许的漏洞,需要修改参数
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/557e064a8802d5b8514699f4de78e465.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
[oracle@oracle ~]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/30a3a64fcaa5442cb7f9485840a8be2a.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
//后面添加 "-lnnz11"字段。
修改后点击Retry重试:
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/da0951f4dc3c3ea717b4d2da869a0015.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
Oracle让我们安装脚本,两个脚本完成后点击OK继续,第二个脚本一路按回车。
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/f21cd8993ee9fb362316543ca3948ad6.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/2012a151fcb99a36092a122e5241f9eb.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
完成安装
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/6a13e9a6c633c8e8889c7060582cb982.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
四. DBCA建库
[oracle@oracle ~]$ lsnrctl start[oracle@oracle ~]$ dbca
下一步
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/20dfb9635b9162d1608c1fa8d172a850.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
2.创建数据库
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/b6e012849f10fac05d7edfa5abb989b2.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/866aeb82be022fe00e77a7297184acb7.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
3.设置全局名和SID(实例名)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/2b156008aeb6727f574b8948eecae39e.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
配置EM
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/2288aea2f0125947462cf12e9889efc2.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
配置系统用户密码,我选择了全部都设置为一个密码,在生产中,建议各个密码不一样而且复杂
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/589f6b23392538269a047bf6d5617e22.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
存储类型选择File System
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/11881d8792c4c2e97fae08d3496235d8.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/a2e2f80e9cd70557ff9232980be5719f.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/e69fee1be5c4b05f7796fde1650c5f9a.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
8.设置需要分配Oracle内存的大小
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/ec6be16bc1412224bbcb8cc2ede5237d.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
字符集建议设置为(AL32UTF8)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/57476a19fb6d9e8484e9c06342b93731.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/8836619d857e818c4b3d0755c8e4819f.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/e4c4f7ff81c2fff6aaec36240773f9b3.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
开始创建点击Finish
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/b86551659a0b02843a8e98b80e64321b.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
配置完成exit退出
![](http://i2.51cto.com/images/blog/201801/29/2f0ca179c94f2b18d88caa1dc9f8416f.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,size_16,text_QDUxQ1RP5Y2a5a6i,color_FFFFFF,t_100,g_se,x_10,y_10,shadow_90,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk=)
连接数据库
[oracle@oracle ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba SQL> select status from v$instance; //查看数据库状态 STATUS ------------- OPEN
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