Oracle 12c pdb使用expdp/impdp导入导出

12c推出了可插拔数据库，在一个容器cdb中以多租户的形式同时存在多个数据库pdb。在为pdb做数据泵导入导出时和传统的数据库有少许不同。 1，需要为pdb添加tansnames 2，导入导出时需要在userid参数内指定其tansnames的值，比如 userid=user/pwd@tnsname 数据泵导出1、查看当前的SID，查看pdb并切换到容器数据库,这里的pluggable数据库是pdborcl

[oracle@test admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
[oracle@test admin]orcl

登录cdb，查看pdb,

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME              OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY    NO
PDBORCL                       MOUNTED

SQL> alter pluggable database all open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> show pdbs

CON_ID CON_NAME              OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY  NO
PDBORCL                       READ WRITE NO

切换到pdborcl

SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;

Session altered.

SQL>

2、查看示例用户scott，以后的schema级别导入导出就使用该用户的数据。

SQL> select owner, table_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT';

OWNER                   TABLE_NAME
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
SCOTT                   SALGRADE
SCOTT                   BONUS
SCOTT                   EMP
SCOTT                   DEPT

3、单独创建一个dba权限的数据泵用户

SQL> grant dba to dp identified by dp;
Grant succeeded.

4、创建一个数据泵目录dp_dir，路径为oracle家目录

SQL> create or replace directory dp_dir as  '/home/oracle';

Directory created.

SQL> exit

5、授予dp用户在数据泵路径有读写权限（如果是dba权限的这一步可以省略，为了试验的完整性这里保留）

SQL> grant read,write on directory dp_dir to dp;
Grant succeeded.

6、设置tnsnames.ora，增加pdborocl。SERVICE_NAME为pdb的实例名，这里为pdborcl

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ pwd
/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin
[oracle@xqzt admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
)
)

PDBORCL =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)
)
)

7、测试tnsnames.ora的有效性，如果返回OK (0 msec)表示配置成功

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ tnsping pdborcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 10-DEC-2015 09:10:34

Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:
/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.ora

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)))
OK (0 msec)

8、数据泵导出用户名密码为dp/dp，并且通过tnsnames指向pdborcl
数据泵目录为：dp_dir, OS路径是/home/oracle
导出文件为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmp
导出日志为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.log
导出模式为scheme，也可以理解为用户：scott

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ expdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scott

Export: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:32:05 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Starting "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scott
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              6.023 KB       4 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.773 KB      14 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          6.023 KB      10 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
Master table "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for DP.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmp
Job "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Dec 10 09:32:29 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:21

[oracle@xqzt ~]$

10、查看导出文件

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ ls  -l scott_pdborcl.dmp  scott_pdborcl.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 356352 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.dmp
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   1960 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.log

11、为了测试导出文件是否能够正常导入，我们先删除pdborcl的scott用户

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;

COUNT(*)
----------

SQL> drop user scott cascade  ;

User dropped.

SQL>

此时访问该用户的表已经不存在了

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;
select count(*) from scott.DEPT
*ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

12、 导入scott用户

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ impdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scott

Import: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:39:02 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options
Master table "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scott
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              6.023 KB       4 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.773 KB      14 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          6.023 KB      10 rows
. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Dec 10 09:39:06 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:04

[oracle@xqzt ~]$

13、 测试导入结果

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;
COUNT(*)
----------
4

导入成功！