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Django框架全面讲解 -- Form

2017-12-18 09:17 423 查看

django中的Form一般有两种功能：

输入html
验证用户输入

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import re
from django import forms
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

def mobile_validate(value):
mobile_re = re.compile(r'^(13[0-9]|15[012356789]|17[678]|18[0-9]|14[57])[0-9]{8}$')
if not mobile_re.match(value):
raise ValidationError('手机号码格式错误')

class PublishForm(forms.Form):

user_type_choice = (
(0, u'普通用户'),
(1, u'高级用户'),
)

user_type = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=user_type_choice,
attrs={'class': "form-control"}))

title = forms.CharField(max_length=20,
min_length=5,
error_messages={'required': u'标题不能为空',
'min_length': u'标题最少为5个字符',
'max_length': u'标题最多为20个字符'},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'标题5-20个字符'}))

memo = forms.CharField(required=False,
max_length=256,
widget=forms.widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class': "form-control no-radius", 'placeholder': u'详细描述', 'rows': 3}))

phone = forms.CharField(validators=[mobile_validate, ],
error_messages={'required': u'手机不能为空'},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control",
'placeholder': u'手机号码'}))

email = forms.EmailField(required=False,
error_messages={'required': u'邮箱不能为空','invalid': u'邮箱格式错误'},
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': "form-control", 'placeholder': u'邮箱'}))

# 举个栗子

def publish(request):
ret = {'status': False, 'data': '', 'error': '', 'summary': ''}
if request.method == 'POST':
request_form = PublishForm(request.POST)
if request_form.is_valid():
request_dict = request_form.clean()
print request_dict
ret['status'] = True
else:
error_msg = request_form.errors.as_json()
ret['error'] = json.loads(error_msg)
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))

利用Form还可以自动生成前端的input标签：

from app01 import models
from django import forms

class Form1(forms.Form):
user = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class':'c1'}), # 给标签添加属性
error_messages={'required':'用户名不能为空'}, # 自定义错误输出
)
pwd = forms.CharField(max_length=4, min_length=2)
email = forms.EmailField(error_messages={'required':'邮箱不能为空', 'invalid':'邮箱格式错误'})

memo = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.Textarea()
)
# user_type_choice = (
#     (0, '普通用户'),
#     (1, '高级用户'),
# )
user_type_choice = models.BookType.objects.values_list("id", "caption")
# 这样并不能跟数据库实时同步，因为静态字段不更新
book_type = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=user_type_choice)
)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(Form1, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
# 让选项框跟数据库进行实时联动，解决上一行注释的问题
self.fields['book_type'] = forms.CharField(
widget=forms.widgets.Select(choices=models.BookType.objects.values_list("id", "caption"))
)

def form1(request):

if request.method == "POST":
# 获取请求做验证
f = Form1(request.POST)
if f.is_valid():
print(f.cleaned_data)
else:
pass
# print(f.errors['user'][0])
# print(f.errors['pwd'][0])
return render(request, "form1.html", {'error': f.errors, 'form':f})
else:
f = Form1()
return render(request, 'form1.html',{'form':f})

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<style>
.input-group{
position: relative;
padding: 23px;

}
.input-group input{
width: 200px;
display: inline-block;
}
.input-group span{
display: inline-block;
position: absolute;
height: 20px;
background-color:coral;
color: white;
bottom: 1px;
left: 22px;
width: 204px;

}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form action="/form/" method="post">
<div class="input-group">
{#                <input type="text" name="user"/>#}
{{ form.user }}
{% if error.user.0 %}
<span>{{ error.user.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{#                <input type="text" name="pwd"/>#}
{{ form.pwd }}
{% if error.pwd.0 %}
<span>{{ error.pwd.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.email }}
{% if error.email.0 %}
<span>{{ error.email.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.memo }}
{% if error.memo.0 %}
<span>{{ error.memo.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<div class="input-group">
{{ form.book_type }}
{% if error.book_type.0 %}
<span>{{ error.book_type.0 }}</span>
{% endif %}
</div>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</div>

</body>
</html>

扩展：ModelForm

在使用Model和Form时，都需要对字段进行定义并指定类型，通过ModelForm则可以省去From中字段的定义

class AdminModelForm(forms.ModelForm):

class Meta:
model = models.Admin
#fields = '__all__'
fields = ('username', 'email')

widgets = {
'email' : forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':"alex"}),
}

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标签： django

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