C#获取系统文件、文件夹和磁盘驱动器图标
2017-12-15 21:13
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最近开发一款软件需要用到获取系统文件的图标，在网上找了一下发现有以下方式获取：
1、调用API的方式获取
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public class SystemIcon
{
/// <summary>
/// 引用shell32文件的SHGetFileInfo API方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pszPath">指定的文件名,如果为""则返回文件夹的</param>
/// <param name="dwFileAttributes">文件属性</param>
/// <param name="sfi">返回获得的文件信息,是一个记录类型</param>
/// <param name="cbFileInfo">文件的类型名</param>
/// <param name="uFlags">文件信息标识</param>
/// <returns>-1失败</returns>
[DllImport("shell32", EntryPoint = "SHGetFileInfo", ExactSpelling = false, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SHGetFileInfo(string pszPath, FileAttribute dwFileAttributes, ref SHFileInfo sfi, uint cbFileInfo, SHFileInfoFlags uFlags);
/// <summary>
/// 返回系统设置的图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpszFile">文件名,指定从exe文件或dll文件引入icon</param>
/// <param name="nIconIndex">文件的图表中的第几个,指定icon的索引如果为0则从指定的文件中引入第1个icon</param>
/// <param name="phiconLarge">返回的大图标的指针,大图标句柄如果为null则为没有大图标</param>
/// <param name="phiconSmall">返回的小图标的指针,小图标句柄如果为null则为没有小图标</param>
/// <param name="nIcons">ico个数,找几个图标</param>
/// <returns></returns
[DllImport("shell32.dll")]
public static extern uint ExtractIconEx(string lpszFile, int nIconIndex, int[] phiconLarge, int[] phiconSmall, uint nIcons);
[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "DestroyIcon")]
public static extern int DestroyIcon(IntPtr hIcon);
/// <summary>
/// 文件信息标识枚举类,所有枚举定义值前省略SHGFI投标，比如Icon 完整名称应为SHGFI_ICON
/// </summary>
[Flags]
private enum SHFileInfoFlags : uint
{
/// <summary>
/// 允许有叠加图案的文件图标，该标识必须和Icon同时使用
/// </summary>
AddOveylays = 0x20, // SHGFI_AddOverlays = 0x000000020
/// <summary>
/// 只获取由参数FileAttribute指定的文件信息，并将其写入SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性，如果不指定该标识，将同时获取所有文件信息。该标志不能和Icon标识同时使用
/// </summary>
Attr_Specified = 0x20000, // SHGFI_SpecifiedAttributes = 0x000020000
/// <summary>
/// 将获取的文件属性复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中
/// </summary>
Attributes = 0x800, // SHGFI_Attributes = 0x000000800
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件的显示名称（长文件名称），将其复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中
/// </summary>
DisplayName = 0x200, // SHGFI_DisplayName = 0x000000200
/// <summary>
/// 如果文件是可执行文件，将检索其信息，并将信息作为返回值返回
/// </summary>
ExeType = 0x2000, // SHGFI_EXEType = 0x000002000
/// <summary>
/// 获得图标和索引，将图标句柄返回到SHFileInfo结构的hIcon属性中，索引返回到iIcon属性中
/// </summary>
Icon = 0x100, // SHGFI_Icon = 0x000000100
/// <summary>
/// 检索包含图标的文件，并将文件名，图标句柄，图标索引号，放回到SHFileInfo结构中
/// </summary>
IconLocation = 0x1000, // SHGFI_IconLocation = 0x000001000
/// <summary>
/// 获得大图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用
/// </summary>
LargeIcon = 0x0, // SHGFI_LargeIcon = 0x000000000
/// <summary>
/// 获取链接覆盖文件图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
LinkOverlay = 0x8000, // SHGFI_LinkOverlay = 0x000008000
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件打开时的图标，该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用
/// </summary>
OpenIcon = 0x2, // SHGFI_OpenIcon = 0x000000002
/// <summary>
/// 获取链接覆盖文件图标索引，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
OverlayIndex = 0x40, // SHGFI_OverlayIndex = 0x000000040
/// <summary>
/// 指示传入的路径是一个ITEMIDLIST结构的文件地址而不是一个路径名。
/// </summary>
Pidl = 0x8, // SHGFI_PIDL = 0x000000008
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统的高亮显示图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
Selected = 0x10000, // SHGFI_SelectedState = 0x000010000
/// <summary>
/// 获取 Shell-sized icon ，该标志必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
ShellIconSize = 0x4, // SHGFI_ShellIconSize = 0x000000004
/// <summary>
/// 获得小图标，该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用。
/// </summary>
SmallIcon = 0x1, // SHGFI_SmallIcon = 0x000000001
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统图像列表图标索引，返回系统图像列表句柄
/// </summary>
SysIconIndex = 0x4000, // SHGFI_SysIconIndex = 0x000004000
/// <summary>
/// 获得文件类型，类型字符串被写入SHFileInfo结构的szTypeName属性中
/// </summary>
TypeName = 0x400, // SHGFI_TypeName = 0x000000400
/// <summary>
/// 指示如果由pszPath指定的路径不存在，SHGetFileInfo方法变不会试图去操作文件。指示返回与文件类型相关的信息。该标识不能和Attributes、ExeType和Pidl同时使用
/// </summary>
UseFileAttributes = 0x10 // SHGFI_UserFileAttributes = 0x000000010,
}
/// <summary>
/// 文件属性枚举
/// </summary>
[Flags]
private enum FileAttribute
{
ReadOnly = 0x00000001,
Hidden = 0x00000002,
System = 0x00000004,
Directory = 0x00000010, //路径信息
Archive = 0x00000020,
Device = 0x00000040,
Normal = 0x00000080, //普通文件信息
Temporary = 0x00000100,
Sparse_File = 0x00000200,
Reparse_Point = 0x00000400,
Compressed = 0x00000800,
Offline = 0x00001000,
Not_Content_Indexed = 0x00002000,
Encrypted = 0x00004000
}
/// <summary>
/// 定义返回的文件信息结构
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private struct SHFileInfo
{
/// <summary>
/// 文件的图标句柄
/// </summary>
public IntPtr hIcon;
/// <summary>
/// 图标的系统索引号
/// </summary>
public IntPtr iIcon;
/// <summary>
/// 文件的属性值,由FileAttribute指定的属性。
/// </summary>
public uint dwAttributes;
/// <summary>
/// 文件的显示名,如果是64位系统，您可能需要制定SizeConst=258而非260才能够显示完整的 TypeName
/// </summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)]
public string szDisplayName;
/// <summary>
/// 文件的类型名
/// </summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 80)]
public string szTypeName;
}
/// <summary>
/// 当读取文件图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorFileIndex = -2;
/// <summary>
/// 当读取文件夹图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorFolderIndex = -4;
/// <summary>
/// 当读取磁盘驱动器图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorDriverIndex = -8;
/// <summary>
/// 当读取可执行文件图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorApplicationIndex = -16;
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件类型的关联图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon)
{
long imageIndex;
return GetFileIcon(fileName, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径,如果是一个exe可执行文件，请提供完整的文件名（包含路径信息）</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)
{
imageIndex = ErrorFileIndex;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName))
return null;
SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize;
if (isSmallIcon)
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(fileName);
if (fi.Name.ToUpper().EndsWith(".EXE"))
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.ExeType;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
//或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
Icon icon = null;
if (iTotal > 0)
{
icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
}
DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
return icon;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon)
{
long imageIndex;
return GetFolderIcon(isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)
{
return GetFolderIcon(Environment.SystemDirectory, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="folderName">文件夹名称,如果想获取自定义文件夹图标，请指定完整的文件夹名称（如 F:\test)</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFolderIcon(string folderName,bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)
{
imageIndex = ErrorFolderIndex;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(folderName))
return null;
SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
if (isSmallIcon)
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(folderName, FileAttribute.Directory, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
//或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo("", 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon);
Icon icon = null;
if (iTotal > 0)
{
icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
}
DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
return icon;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取磁盘驱动器图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号，如C、D、I等等，不区分大小写</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon)
{
long imageIndex;
return GetDriverIcon(driverMark,isSmallIcon,out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取磁盘驱动器图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号，如C、D、I等等，不区分大小写</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)
{
imageIndex = ErrorDriverIndex;
//非有效盘符，返回封装的磁盘图标
if (driverMark < 'a' && driverMark > 'z' && driverMark < 'A' && driverMark > 'Z')
{
return null;
}
string driverName = driverMark.ToString().ToUpper() + ":\\";
SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
if (isSmallIcon)
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
//int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
Icon icon = null;
if (iTotal > 0)
{
icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
}
DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
return icon;
}
}
2、调用System.Drawing.Icon类的ExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)方法：返回指定文件中包含的图像的图标表示形式
这种方式其实也是封装了对系统的API调用，跟第一种方式差不多，不过这种方式只能获取到文件的图标，不能够获取到文件夹的图标，这个有点遗憾！
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/// <summary>
/// 获取文件图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath">文件路径以及名称(文件全路径)</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFileExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)
{
Icon icon = Icon.ExtractAssociatedIcon(filePath);
return icon;
}
3、使用注册表调用API方式
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/// <summary>
/// 给出文件扩展名（.*），返回相应图标;若不以"."开头则返回文件夹的图标。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileType">文件扩展名</param>
/// <param name="isLarge">是否返回大图标</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetIconByFileType(string fileType, bool isLarge)
{
if (fileType == null || fileType.Equals(string.Empty))
return null;
RegistryKey regVersion = null;
string regFileType = null;
string regIconString = null;
string systemDirectory = Environment.SystemDirectory + "\\";
if (fileType[0] == '.')
{
//读系统注册表中文件类型信息
regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(fileType, true);
if (regVersion != null)
{
regFileType = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;
regVersion.Close();
regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(regFileType + @"\DefaultIcon", true);
if (regVersion != null)
{
regIconString = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;
regVersion.Close();
}
}
if (regIconString == null)
{
//没有读取到文件类型注册信息，指定为未知文件类型的图标
regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,0";
}
}
else
{
//直接指定为文件夹图标
regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,3";
}
string[] fileIcon = regIconString.Split(new char[] { ',' });
if (fileIcon.Length != 2)
{
//系统注册表中注册的标图不能直接提取，则返回可执行文件的通用图标
fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };
}
Icon resultIcon = null;
try
{
//调用API方法读取图标
int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];
int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];
uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);
IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);
resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);
}
catch
{
fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };
//调用API方法读取图标
int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];
int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];
uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);
IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);
resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);
}
return resultIcon;
}
另外还可以使用第一种方式API的SHGetFileInfo方法获取文件类型描述
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/// <summary>
/// 获取指定文件的类型描述
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">文件名</param>
/// <returns>返回文件所属类型的类型描述</returns>
public static string GetTypeName(string fileName)
{
string typeName = GetTypeName(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes | SHFileInfoFlags.TypeName | SHFileInfoFlags.DisplayName);
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName))
return "";
else
return typeName.Trim();
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件类型
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">文件名</param>
/// <param name="dwAttr">文件信息</param>
/// <param name="dwFlag">信息控制字</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetTypeName(string path, FileAttribute dwAttr, SHFileInfoFlags dwFlag)
{
try
{
SHFileInfo fi = new SHFileInfo();
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(path, dwAttr, ref fi, 0, dwFlag);
if (iTotal > 0)
{
return fi.szTypeName;
}
else
{
return "";
}
}
catch
{
return "";
}
}
另一种方式是使用注册表方式获取文件类型描述
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/// <summary>
/// 获取文件扩展名说明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ext"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetFileTypeDescription(string ext)
{
RegistryKey rKey = null;
RegistryKey sKey = null;
string FileType = "";
try
{
rKey = Registry.ClassesRoot;
sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey(ext);
if (sKey != null && (string)sKey.GetValue("", ext) != ext)
{
sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey((string)sKey.GetValue("", ext));
FileType = (string)sKey.GetValue("");
}
else
{
FileType = ext.Substring(ext.LastIndexOf('.') + 1).ToUpper() + " File";
}
return FileType;
}
finally
{
if (sKey != null)
sKey.Close();
if (rKey != null)
rKey.Close();
}
}
该示例类下载
1、调用API的方式获取
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public class SystemIcon
{
/// <summary>
/// 引用shell32文件的SHGetFileInfo API方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="pszPath">指定的文件名,如果为""则返回文件夹的</param>
/// <param name="dwFileAttributes">文件属性</param>
/// <param name="sfi">返回获得的文件信息,是一个记录类型</param>
/// <param name="cbFileInfo">文件的类型名</param>
/// <param name="uFlags">文件信息标识</param>
/// <returns>-1失败</returns>
[DllImport("shell32", EntryPoint = "SHGetFileInfo", ExactSpelling = false, CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SHGetFileInfo(string pszPath, FileAttribute dwFileAttributes, ref SHFileInfo sfi, uint cbFileInfo, SHFileInfoFlags uFlags);
/// <summary>
/// 返回系统设置的图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpszFile">文件名,指定从exe文件或dll文件引入icon</param>
/// <param name="nIconIndex">文件的图表中的第几个,指定icon的索引如果为0则从指定的文件中引入第1个icon</param>
/// <param name="phiconLarge">返回的大图标的指针,大图标句柄如果为null则为没有大图标</param>
/// <param name="phiconSmall">返回的小图标的指针,小图标句柄如果为null则为没有小图标</param>
/// <param name="nIcons">ico个数,找几个图标</param>
/// <returns></returns
[DllImport("shell32.dll")]
public static extern uint ExtractIconEx(string lpszFile, int nIconIndex, int[] phiconLarge, int[] phiconSmall, uint nIcons);
[DllImport("User32.dll", EntryPoint = "DestroyIcon")]
public static extern int DestroyIcon(IntPtr hIcon);
/// <summary>
/// 文件信息标识枚举类,所有枚举定义值前省略SHGFI投标，比如Icon 完整名称应为SHGFI_ICON
/// </summary>
[Flags]
private enum SHFileInfoFlags : uint
{
/// <summary>
/// 允许有叠加图案的文件图标，该标识必须和Icon同时使用
/// </summary>
AddOveylays = 0x20, // SHGFI_AddOverlays = 0x000000020
/// <summary>
/// 只获取由参数FileAttribute指定的文件信息，并将其写入SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性，如果不指定该标识，将同时获取所有文件信息。该标志不能和Icon标识同时使用
/// </summary>
Attr_Specified = 0x20000, // SHGFI_SpecifiedAttributes = 0x000020000
/// <summary>
/// 将获取的文件属性复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中
/// </summary>
Attributes = 0x800, // SHGFI_Attributes = 0x000000800
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件的显示名称（长文件名称），将其复制到SHFileInfo结构的dwAttributes属性中
/// </summary>
DisplayName = 0x200, // SHGFI_DisplayName = 0x000000200
/// <summary>
/// 如果文件是可执行文件，将检索其信息，并将信息作为返回值返回
/// </summary>
ExeType = 0x2000, // SHGFI_EXEType = 0x000002000
/// <summary>
/// 获得图标和索引，将图标句柄返回到SHFileInfo结构的hIcon属性中，索引返回到iIcon属性中
/// </summary>
Icon = 0x100, // SHGFI_Icon = 0x000000100
/// <summary>
/// 检索包含图标的文件，并将文件名，图标句柄，图标索引号，放回到SHFileInfo结构中
/// </summary>
IconLocation = 0x1000, // SHGFI_IconLocation = 0x000001000
/// <summary>
/// 获得大图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用
/// </summary>
LargeIcon = 0x0, // SHGFI_LargeIcon = 0x000000000
/// <summary>
/// 获取链接覆盖文件图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
LinkOverlay = 0x8000, // SHGFI_LinkOverlay = 0x000008000
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件打开时的图标，该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用
/// </summary>
OpenIcon = 0x2, // SHGFI_OpenIcon = 0x000000002
/// <summary>
/// 获取链接覆盖文件图标索引，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
OverlayIndex = 0x40, // SHGFI_OverlayIndex = 0x000000040
/// <summary>
/// 指示传入的路径是一个ITEMIDLIST结构的文件地址而不是一个路径名。
/// </summary>
Pidl = 0x8, // SHGFI_PIDL = 0x000000008
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统的高亮显示图标，该标识必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
Selected = 0x10000, // SHGFI_SelectedState = 0x000010000
/// <summary>
/// 获取 Shell-sized icon ，该标志必须和Icon标识同时使用。
/// </summary>
ShellIconSize = 0x4, // SHGFI_ShellIconSize = 0x000000004
/// <summary>
/// 获得小图标，该标识必须和Icon或SysIconIndex同时使用。
/// </summary>
SmallIcon = 0x1, // SHGFI_SmallIcon = 0x000000001
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统图像列表图标索引，返回系统图像列表句柄
/// </summary>
SysIconIndex = 0x4000, // SHGFI_SysIconIndex = 0x000004000
/// <summary>
/// 获得文件类型，类型字符串被写入SHFileInfo结构的szTypeName属性中
/// </summary>
TypeName = 0x400, // SHGFI_TypeName = 0x000000400
/// <summary>
/// 指示如果由pszPath指定的路径不存在，SHGetFileInfo方法变不会试图去操作文件。指示返回与文件类型相关的信息。该标识不能和Attributes、ExeType和Pidl同时使用
/// </summary>
UseFileAttributes = 0x10 // SHGFI_UserFileAttributes = 0x000000010,
}
/// <summary>
/// 文件属性枚举
/// </summary>
[Flags]
private enum FileAttribute
{
ReadOnly = 0x00000001,
Hidden = 0x00000002,
System = 0x00000004,
Directory = 0x00000010, //路径信息
Archive = 0x00000020,
Device = 0x00000040,
Normal = 0x00000080, //普通文件信息
Temporary = 0x00000100,
Sparse_File = 0x00000200,
Reparse_Point = 0x00000400,
Compressed = 0x00000800,
Offline = 0x00001000,
Not_Content_Indexed = 0x00002000,
Encrypted = 0x00004000
}
/// <summary>
/// 定义返回的文件信息结构
/// </summary>
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private struct SHFileInfo
{
/// <summary>
/// 文件的图标句柄
/// </summary>
public IntPtr hIcon;
/// <summary>
/// 图标的系统索引号
/// </summary>
public IntPtr iIcon;
/// <summary>
/// 文件的属性值,由FileAttribute指定的属性。
/// </summary>
public uint dwAttributes;
/// <summary>
/// 文件的显示名,如果是64位系统，您可能需要制定SizeConst=258而非260才能够显示完整的 TypeName
/// </summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 260)]
public string szDisplayName;
/// <summary>
/// 文件的类型名
/// </summary>
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValTStr, SizeConst = 80)]
public string szTypeName;
}
/// <summary>
/// 当读取文件图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorFileIndex = -2;
/// <summary>
/// 当读取文件夹图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorFolderIndex = -4;
/// <summary>
/// 当读取磁盘驱动器图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorDriverIndex = -8;
/// <summary>
/// 当读取可执行文件图标失败的默认图标索引号
/// </summary>
public static readonly long ErrorApplicationIndex = -16;
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件类型的关联图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon)
{
long imageIndex;
return GetFileIcon(fileName, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">文件类型的扩展名或文件的绝对路径,如果是一个exe可执行文件，请提供完整的文件名（包含路径信息）</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFileIcon(string fileName, bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)
{
imageIndex = ErrorFileIndex;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(fileName))
return null;
SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize;
if (isSmallIcon)
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(fileName);
if (fi.Name.ToUpper().EndsWith(".EXE"))
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.ExeType;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
//或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(fileName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
Icon icon = null;
if (iTotal > 0)
{
icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
}
DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
return icon;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon)
{
long imageIndex;
return GetFolderIcon(isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFolderIcon(bool isSmallIcon,out long imageIndex)
{
return GetFolderIcon(Environment.SystemDirectory, isSmallIcon, out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取系统文件夹默认图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="folderName">文件夹名称,如果想获取自定义文件夹图标，请指定完整的文件夹名称（如 F:\test)</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">是否返回小图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件夹图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFolderIcon(string folderName,bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)
{
imageIndex = ErrorFolderIndex;
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(folderName))
return null;
SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
if (isSmallIcon)
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(folderName, FileAttribute.Directory, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
//或int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo("", 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon);
Icon icon = null;
if (iTotal > 0)
{
icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
}
DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
return icon;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取磁盘驱动器图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号，如C、D、I等等，不区分大小写</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon)
{
long imageIndex;
return GetDriverIcon(driverMark,isSmallIcon,out imageIndex);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取磁盘驱动器图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="driverMark">有效的磁盘标号，如C、D、I等等，不区分大小写</param>
/// <param name="isSmallIcon">标识是获取小图标还是获取大图标</param>
/// <param name="imageIndex">输出与返回图标对应的系统图标索引号</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的磁盘驱动器图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetDriverIcon(char driverMark, bool isSmallIcon, out long imageIndex)
{
imageIndex = ErrorDriverIndex;
//非有效盘符，返回封装的磁盘图标
if (driverMark < 'a' && driverMark > 'z' && driverMark < 'A' && driverMark > 'Z')
{
return null;
}
string driverName = driverMark.ToString().ToUpper() + ":\\";
SHFileInfo shfi = new SHFileInfo();
SHFileInfoFlags uFlags = SHFileInfoFlags.Icon | SHFileInfoFlags.ShellIconSize | SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes;
if (isSmallIcon)
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.SmallIcon;
else
uFlags |= SHFileInfoFlags.LargeIcon;
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, FileAttribute.Normal, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
//int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(driverName, 0, ref shfi, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf(shfi), uFlags);
Icon icon = null;
if (iTotal > 0)
{
icon = Icon.FromHandle(shfi.hIcon).Clone() as Icon;
imageIndex = shfi.iIcon.ToInt64();
}
DestroyIcon(shfi.hIcon); //释放资源
return icon;
}
}
2、调用System.Drawing.Icon类的ExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)方法：返回指定文件中包含的图像的图标表示形式
这种方式其实也是封装了对系统的API调用，跟第一种方式差不多，不过这种方式只能获取到文件的图标，不能够获取到文件夹的图标，这个有点遗憾！
[csharp] view
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/// <summary>
/// 获取文件图标
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filePath">文件路径以及名称(文件全路径)</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的文件图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetFileExtractAssociatedIcon(string filePath)
{
Icon icon = Icon.ExtractAssociatedIcon(filePath);
return icon;
}
3、使用注册表调用API方式
[csharp] view
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/// <summary>
/// 给出文件扩展名（.*），返回相应图标;若不以"."开头则返回文件夹的图标。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileType">文件扩展名</param>
/// <param name="isLarge">是否返回大图标</param>
/// <returns>返回一个Icon类型的图标对象</returns>
public static Icon GetIconByFileType(string fileType, bool isLarge)
{
if (fileType == null || fileType.Equals(string.Empty))
return null;
RegistryKey regVersion = null;
string regFileType = null;
string regIconString = null;
string systemDirectory = Environment.SystemDirectory + "\\";
if (fileType[0] == '.')
{
//读系统注册表中文件类型信息
regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(fileType, true);
if (regVersion != null)
{
regFileType = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;
regVersion.Close();
regVersion = Registry.ClassesRoot.OpenSubKey(regFileType + @"\DefaultIcon", true);
if (regVersion != null)
{
regIconString = regVersion.GetValue("") as string;
regVersion.Close();
}
}
if (regIconString == null)
{
//没有读取到文件类型注册信息，指定为未知文件类型的图标
regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,0";
}
}
else
{
//直接指定为文件夹图标
regIconString = systemDirectory + "shell32.dll,3";
}
string[] fileIcon = regIconString.Split(new char[] { ',' });
if (fileIcon.Length != 2)
{
//系统注册表中注册的标图不能直接提取，则返回可执行文件的通用图标
fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };
}
Icon resultIcon = null;
try
{
//调用API方法读取图标
int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];
int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];
uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);
IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);
resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);
}
catch
{
fileIcon = new string[] { systemDirectory + "shell32.dll", "2" };
//调用API方法读取图标
int[] phiconLarge = new int[1];
int[] phiconSmall = new int[1];
uint count = ExtractIconEx(fileIcon[0], Int32.Parse(fileIcon[1]), phiconLarge, phiconSmall, 1);
IntPtr IconHnd = new IntPtr(isLarge ? phiconLarge[0] : phiconSmall[0]);
resultIcon = Icon.FromHandle(IconHnd);
}
return resultIcon;
}
另外还可以使用第一种方式API的SHGetFileInfo方法获取文件类型描述
[csharp] view
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/// <summary>
/// 获取指定文件的类型描述
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileName">文件名</param>
/// <returns>返回文件所属类型的类型描述</returns>
public static string GetTypeName(string fileName)
{
string typeName = GetTypeName(fileName, FileAttribute.Normal, SHFileInfoFlags.UseFileAttributes | SHFileInfoFlags.TypeName | SHFileInfoFlags.DisplayName);
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(typeName))
return "";
else
return typeName.Trim();
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取文件类型
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">文件名</param>
/// <param name="dwAttr">文件信息</param>
/// <param name="dwFlag">信息控制字</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetTypeName(string path, FileAttribute dwAttr, SHFileInfoFlags dwFlag)
{
try
{
SHFileInfo fi = new SHFileInfo();
int iTotal = (int)SHGetFileInfo(path, dwAttr, ref fi, 0, dwFlag);
if (iTotal > 0)
{
return fi.szTypeName;
}
else
{
return "";
}
}
catch
{
return "";
}
}
另一种方式是使用注册表方式获取文件类型描述
[csharp] view
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/// <summary>
/// 获取文件扩展名说明
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ext"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetFileTypeDescription(string ext)
{
RegistryKey rKey = null;
RegistryKey sKey = null;
string FileType = "";
try
{
rKey = Registry.ClassesRoot;
sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey(ext);
if (sKey != null && (string)sKey.GetValue("", ext) != ext)
{
sKey = rKey.OpenSubKey((string)sKey.GetValue("", ext));
FileType = (string)sKey.GetValue("");
}
else
{
FileType = ext.Substring(ext.LastIndexOf('.') + 1).ToUpper() + " File";
}
return FileType;
}
finally
{
if (sKey != null)
sKey.Close();
if (rKey != null)
rKey.Close();
}
}
该示例类下载
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