【docker 一】入门实践、环境部署、基本操作指令、镜像库、数据卷

简述

`docker是如火如荼的容器技术，今后会陆续上传关于微服务技术的学习笔记，希望能和大家一起学习一起分享！`

docker环境搭建

$ wget -qO- https://get.docker.com/ | sh

docker

sudo

# Add the docker group if it doesn't already exist.     $ sudo groupadd docker      # Add the connected user "${USER}" to the docker group.     # Change the user name to match your preferred user.     # You may have to logout and log back in again for     # this to take effect.     $ sudo gpasswd -a ${USER} docker      # Restart the docker daemon.     $ sudo service docker restart      #############单条指令##############     sudo usermod -aG docker $USER      # 把当前用户加入docker组

17.04

$ export CHANNEL=stable $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/ | sh -s -- --mirror Aliyun

镜像基本操作指令

$ sudo docker search ubuntu

$ sudo docker pull ubuntu

$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE ubuntu              latest              ccc7a11d65b1        3 weeks ago         120MB swarm               latest              7ecf8baf8eae        8 weeks ago         15.8MB

$ sudo docker inspect 7ecf8baf8eae  #或 $ sudo docker inspect ubuntu

$ sudo docker rmi swarm Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "swarm" (must force) - container c445ef19d3e7 is using its referenced image 7ecf8baf8eae

$ sudo docker rm 7ecf8baf8eae  #删除指定容器 $ sudo docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)  #删除所有已生成容器

$ sudo docker tag ubuntu:latest hzy/test:latest hzy@hadoop:~$ sudo docker images REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE hzy/test            latest              ccc7a11d65b1        3 weeks ago         120MB ubuntu              latest              ccc7a11d65b1        3 weeks ago         120MB swarm               latest              7ecf8baf8eae        8 weeks ago         15.8MB

创建镜像

$ docker run -it ubuntu /bin/bash --name bieming root@3138d574074e:/#

docker commit

$ sudo docker commit -m "added a new file" -a "huangzy" 3138d574074e hzy/test 3138d574074esha256:f8b1d41ff97589f7c207577b391b1d5074b197a1ec3196a8907269ec6e00dcae  # -a, --author="" 作者信息 # -m, --message="" 提交消息 # -p, --pause=ture 提交时暂停容器运行

存出和载入镜像

$ sudo docker save -o ubuntu.tar ubuntu:latest

$ sudo docker load --input ubuntu.tar  Loaded image: ubuntu:latest #或 $ sudo docker load < ubuntu.tar

容器

$ sudo docker run -it ubuntu:latest /bin/bash root@939831baa91d:/#   # -t 分配一个伪终端绑定到容器的标准输入上 # -i 让容器的标准输入保持打开 # -d 让Docker容器在后台以守护态(Daemonized)形式运行

$ sudo docker stop 939831b

$ sudo docker ps  #或 $ sudo docker ps -a -q  # 可查看到终止状态的容器

docker start

$ sudo docker start 939831b #或 $ sudo docker restart 939831b

$ sudo docker rm 3138d574074e Error response from daemon: You cannot remove a running container 3138d574074e5a45a543760c2ecb3935b0173d89940c05fa3cd969d1112338ff. Stop the container before attempting removal or force remove   #应该先停止容器服务，再进行删除。 $ sudo docker stop 3138d574074e

导入和导出容器

$ sudo docker export 3138d > test_for_run.tar

$ cat test_for_run.tar | sudo docker import - test/ubuntu:v1 sha256:b974a00be6dd0ac5f794c3ec5ef6b1812cdc535390b67950cf220aa1e557c759

仓库(Repository)

$ sudo docker login  [sudo] password for hzy:  Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one. Username: s152118130110 Password:  Login Succeeded

$ sudo docker push swarm:latest

创建和使用私有仓库

$ sudo docker run –d –p 5000:5000 --restart=always --name registry -v /opt/myregistry:/var/lib/registry registry  # -i:   保持sdtin开放状态 # -d:   使容器以守护进程方式后台运行，并打印容器id # -t:   分配一个tty（虚拟终端设备） # -v:   绑定挂载一个容器内的路径到宿主机路径 # -p:   映射一个容器的端口到宿主机端口 # -restart: 当容器退出时的重启策略 # -name:    给容器命名一个名称

http://127.0.0.1:80/v2

$ sudo docker tag swarm 192.168.18.19:5000/swarm

$ sudo docker push 192.168.18.19:5000/swarm The push refers to a repository [192.168.18.19:5000/swarm] Get https://192.168.18.19:5000/v2/: http: server gave HTTP response to HTTPS client  #由于客户端采用https，docker registry未采用https服务所致。一种处理方式是把客户对地址“192.168.1.100:5000”请求改为http  #在 "etc/docker" 目录下，创建daemon.json文件，并在文件写入： {"insecure-registries":["ip地址:5000"]}  #重新启动docker $ sudo service docker restart  #重新上传镜像即可 $ sudo docker push 192.168.18.19:5000/swarm  # 查看上传是否成功 $ curl http://192.168.18.19:5000/v2/_catalog {"repositories":["swarm"]}

$ sudo docker pull 192.168.18.19:5000/swarm

客户机访问Registry

# ubuntu 在以下文件添加 {"insecure-registries":["192.168.18.19:5000]} $ vi /etc/docker/daemon.json   # centos 在以下文件添加 OPTIONS=‘--SELINUXENABLED--INSECUREREGISTRY192.168.18.19:5000’ $ vi /etc/sysconfig/docker

数据卷

-v

$ docker run -d -P --name web -v /src/webapp:/opt/webapp:ro training/webapp python app.py  # 地目录的路径必须是绝对路径，如果目录不存在 Docker 会自动为你创建它。

-v

$ docker run --rm -it -v ~/.bash_history:/.bash_history ubuntu /bin/bash  # 这样可以记录在容器输入过的命令

进一步？