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Spring Cloud构建分布式微服务云架构基础

2017-12-11 09:00 796 查看


使用LoadBalancerClient

在Spring Cloud Commons中提供了大量的与服务治理相关的抽象接口,包括
DiscoveryClient
、这里我们即将介绍的
LoadBalancerClient
等。对于这些接口的定义我们在上一篇介绍服务注册与发现时已经说过,Spring
Cloud做这一层抽象,很好的解耦了服务治理体系,使得我们可以轻易的替换不同的服务治理设施。

LoadBalancerClient
接口的命名中,我们就知道这是一个负载均衡客户端的抽象定义,下面我们就看看如何使用Spring
Cloud提供的负载均衡器客户端接口来实现服务的消费。

下面的例子,我们将利用上一篇中构建的eureka-server作为服务注册中心、eureka-client作为服务提供者作为基础。

我们先来创建一个服务消费者工程,命名为:
eureka-consumer
。并在
pom.xml
中引入依赖(这里省略了parent和dependencyManagement的配置):


<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependencies>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependency>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">groupId>org.springframework.cloud</<span
class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">groupId>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</<span
class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">artifactId>

</<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependency>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependency>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">groupId>org.springframework.boot</<span
class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">groupId>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</<span
class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">artifactId>

</<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependency>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependency>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">groupId>org.springframework.boot</<span
class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">groupId>

<<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</<span
class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">artifactId>

</<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependency>

</<span class="name" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;
padding: 0px; font-weight: inherit; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(38, 139, 210);">dependencies>
配置
application.properties
,指定eureka注册中心的地址:


spring.application.name=eureka-consumer

server.port=2101

eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1001/eureka/
创建应用主类。初始化
RestTemplate
,用来真正发起REST请求。
@EnableDiscoveryClient
注解用来将当前应用加入到服务治理体系中。


@EnableDiscoveryClient

@SpringBootApplication

public class Application {

@Bean

public RestTemplate restTemplate() {

return new RestTemplate();

}

public static void main(String[]
args) {

new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).web(true).run(args);

}

}
创建一个接口用来消费eureka-client提供的接口:


@RestController

public class DcController {

@Autowired

LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

@Autowired

RestTemplate restTemplate;

@GetMapping("/consumer")

public String dc() {

ServiceInstance serviceInstance = loadBalancerClient.choose("eureka-client");

String url = "http://" + serviceInstance.getHost()
+ ":" + serviceInstance.getPort() + "/dc";

System.out.println(url);

return restTemplate.getForObject(url,
String.class);

}

}
可以看到这里,我们注入了
LoadBalancerClient
RestTemplate
,并在
/consumer
接口的实现中,先通过
loadBalancerClient
choose
函数来负载均衡的选出一个
eureka-client
的服务实例,这个服务实例的基本信息存储在
ServiceInstance
中,然后通过这些对象中的信息拼接出访问
/dc
接口的详细地址,最后再利用
RestTemplate
对象实现对服务提供者接口的调用。

 从现在开始,我这边会将近期研发的springcloud微服务云架构的搭建过程和精髓记录下来,帮助更多有兴趣研发spring
cloud框架的朋友,希望可以帮助更多的好学者。大家来一起探讨spring
cloud架构的搭建过程及如何运用于企业项目。源码来源
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