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C++ primer plus 4.13 编程练习

2017-12-01 18:21 218 查看
1.编写一个C++程序,如下述输出示例所示的那样请求并显示信息:

-What is your first name?Betty Sue

-What is your last name?Yewe

-What letter grade do you deserve?B

-What is your age?22

-Name: Yewe,Betty Sue

-Grade:C

-Age:2

注意,该程序应该接受的名字包含多个单词。另外,程序将向下调整成绩,即向上调一个字母。假设用户请求A,B或C,所以不必担心D和F之间的空档。

程序:

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char fir_name[80], las_name[80];
char grade,next_grade;
int num_grade;
int age;

cout << "What is your first name?";
cin.getline(fir_name, 80);
cout << endl << "What is your last name?";
cin.getline(las_name, 80);
cout << endl << "What letter grade do you deserve?";
(cin >> grade).get();
cout << endl << "What is your age?";
(cin >> age).get();

num_grade = grade + 1;
next_grade = num_grade;
cout << "Name: " << fir_name << " , " << las_name << endl;
cout << "Grade: " << next_grade << endl;
cout << "Age: " << age;

cin.get();
return 0;
}


总结:

A的ASCII可以在
char
int
进行转换。值的类型将引导
cout
选择如何显示值——这是智能对象的另一个例子。

2.修改程序清单4.4,使用C++string类而不是char数组。

程序清单4.4:

//instr2.cpp--reading more than one word with getline
#include<iostream>
int main()
{
using namespace std;
const int ArSize = 20;
char name[ArSize];
char dessert[ArSize];

cout << "Enter your name:\n";
cin.getline(name, ArSize);//reads through newline
cout << "Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
cin.getline(dessert, ArSize);
cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert;
cout << " for you, " << name << ".\n";
cin.get();
return 0;
}


使用C++ String:

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

int main()
{
using namespace std;
string name, dessert;

cout << "Enter your name:\n";
getline(cin, name);     //include newline
cout << "Enter your favorite dessert:\n";
getline(cin, dessert);
cout << "I have some delicious " << dessert << " for you, " << name << endl;

cin.get();
return 0;
}


在使用
char
string
的输入中,分别使用
cin.getline(char,char_size)
getline(cin,string)
同时都是有包括换行符。

3.编写一个程序,它要求用户输入其名,然后输入其姓:然后程序使用一个逗号和空格将姓和名组合起来,并存储和显示组合结果。请使用char数组和头文件cstring中的函数。下面是该程序运行时的情形:

Enter your frist name:Flip

Enter your last name:Fleming

Here’s the information in a single string:Fleming,Flip

程序:

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>
#pragma warning(disable:4996)
int main()
{
using namespace std;
char fri_name1[50], las_name1[50];
string fri_name2, las_name2,name2;

cout << "Enter your frist name:";
(cin >> fri_name1).get();
(cin >> fri_name2).get();
cout << endl << "Enter your last name:";
(cin >> las_name1).get();
(cin >> las_name2).get();

strcat(las_name1,", ");
strcat(las_name1, fri_name1);
name2 = las_name2 + ", " + fri_name2;
cout << endl << "Here's the information in a single string :" << las_name1;
cout << endl << "Here's the information in a single string :" << name2;

cin.get();
return 0;
}


总结:字符串的组合,
char
可以使用
cstring
中的函数
strcat(char1,char2)
进行组合,add char2 to end of char1。但是,
string
的组合可以使用
str1=str2+str3
connect。

5.结构CandyBar包含3个成员。第一个成员存储了糖块的品牌;第二个成员存储糖块的重量(可以有小数);第三个成员存储了糖块的卡里路含量(整数)。请编写一个程序,声明这个结构,创建一个名为snack的CandyBar变量,并将其成员分别初始化为“Mocha Munch”,2.3和350。初始化应在声明sanck时进行。最后,程序显示snack变量的内容。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>

int main()
{
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
string name;
double weight;
int calorie;
} candy =
{
"Mocha Munch",
2.3,
250
};

cout << "The name of CandyBar is " << candy.name << " ,and the weight is "
<< candy.weight << " and calorie is " << candy.calorie << " . \n";

cin.get();
return 0;
}


可以同时完成定义结构和创建结构变量的工装。为此只需将变量名放在结束括号的后面即可:

struct perks
{
int key_number;
char car[20];
}mr_smith,ms_jones;    //two perks variables


甚至可以初始化以这种方式创建的变量:

struct perks
{
int key_number;
char car[20];
}mr_glitz =
{
7,               //value for mr_glitz.key_number menber
"Packard"        //value for mr_glitz.car member
};


然而,将结构定义和变量声明分开,可以使程序更易于阅读和理解。

还可以声明没有名称的结构类型,方法使省略名称,同时定义一种结构类型和一个这种类型的变量:

struct       //no tag
{
int x;   //2 member
int y;
}position;   //a structure variable


这样将创建一个名为position的结构变量。可以使用成员运算符来访问它的成员(如 position.x),但这种类型没有名称,因此以后无法创建这种类型的变量。本书将不使用这种形式的结构。

6.结构CandyBar包含3个成员,如编程练习5所示。请编写一个程序,创建一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组,并将它们初始化为所选择的值,然后显示每个结构的内容。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
string name;
double weight;
int calorie;
};

int main()
{
CandyBar candy[3] =
{
{"samll rabbit",2.5,300},
{"big rabbit",4.5,500},
{"white rabbit", 1, 10}
};

cout << "These candys are " << candy[0].name << " ," << candy[1].name << " and " << candy[2].name
<< ".And total weight is " << candy[0].weight + candy[1].weight + candy[2].weight
<< " and total calorie is " << candy[0].calorie + candy[1].calorie + candy[2].calorie
<< ".\n";

cin.get();
return 0;
}


7.Wliilam Wingate 从事比萨饼分析服务。对于每个披萨饼,他都需要记录下列信息:

披萨饼公司的名称,可以有多个单词组成。

披萨饼的直径。

披萨饼的重量。

请涉及一个能够存储这些信息的结构,并编写一个使用这种结构变量的程序。程序将请求用户输入上述信息,然后显示这些信息。请使用cin(或其它方法)和cout。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
struct pizza
{
string company;
double diameter;
double weight;
};

int main()
{
pizza single;

cout << "Plesa input company:";
getline(cin,single.company);
cout << "Please input diameter:";
(cin >> single.diameter).get();
cout << "Please input weight:";
(cin >> single.weight).get();

cout << "Company's name: " << single.company << "\nDiameter: " << single.diameter
<< "\nWeight: " << single.weight;

cin.get();
return 0;
}


8.完成编程练习7,但使用new来为结构来分配内存,而不是声明一个结构变量。另外,让程序在请求输入比萨饼公司名称之前输入比萨饼的直径。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct pizza
{
string company;
double diameter;
double weight;
};

int main()
{
pizza * single = new pizza;

cout << "Please input diameter:";
(cin >> single->diameter).get();
cout << "Plesa input company:";
getline(cin, single->company);
cout << "Please input weight:";
(cin >> single->weight).get();

cout << "Company's name: " << single->company << "\nDiameter: " << single->diameter
<< "\nWeight: " << single->weight;

delete single;
cin.get();
return 0;
}


9.完成编程练习6,但使用new来动态分配数组,而不是声明一个包含3个元素的CandyBar数组。

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

struct CandyBar
{
string name;
double weight;
int calorie;
};

int main()
{
CandyBar * candy = new CandyBar [3];
candy[0] = { "samll rabbit",2.5,300 };
candy[1] = { "big rabbit",4.5,500 };
candy[2] = { "white rabbit", 1, 10 };

cout << "These candys are " << candy[0].name << " ," << candy[1].name << " and " << candy[2].name
<< ".And total weight is " << candy[0].weight + candy[1].weight + candy[2].weight
<< " and total calorie is " << candy[0].calorie + candy[1].calorie + candy[2].calorie
<< ".\n";

delete[] candy;
cin.get();
return 0;
}


10.编写一个程序,让用户输入三次40码跑的成绩(如果你愿意,也可以让用户输入40米跑的成绩),并显示次数和平均成绩。请使用一个array对象来存储数据(如果编译器不支持array类,请使用数组)。

#include<iostream>
#include<array>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
array<double, 3> score;
954a

cout << "Please input first score:";
cin >> score[0];
cout << "Please input second score:";
cin >> score[1];
cout << "Please input third score:";
cin >> score[2];

cout << "First time:" << score[0]
<< "\nSecone time:" << score[1]
<< "\nThird time:" << score[2]
<< "\nAverage score:" << (score[0] + score[1] + score[2]) / 3
<< endl;

cin.get();
cin.get();
return 0;
}
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